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    A Normative Pragmatic Model of Making Fear Appeals

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    Innocenti Fear Appeals.pdf (409.4Kb)
    Issue Date
    2011
    Author
    Innocenti, Beth
    Publisher
    Penn State University Press
    Type
    Article
    Article Version
    Scholarly/refereed, author accepted manuscript
    Published Version
    http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/philosophy_and_rhetoric/v044/44.3.innocenti.pdf
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    Abstract
    How do fear appeals generate persuasive force, or reasonably pressure addressees to act as the speaker advocates? Leading models of fear appeals provide partial answers to this question because they locate persuasive force primarily in internal states, such as addressees’ cognitions or emotions. Consequently, they omit key parts of rhetorical transactions such as the speaker, actual message design, and bilateral communication vectors. The normative pragmatic model proposed here provides a more complete account by describing persuasive force in terms of strategies speakers use to design fear appeals. Put simply, fear appeals are designed to (1) make manifest that the speaker has made a responsible assessment of potential fearful outcomes and how to address them; and (2) forestall criticism for poor judgment or fear-mongering. Persuasive force (1) is generated by message design features such as claiming that harmful consequences will occur unless addressees act as the speaker advocates, presenting grounds, and using intense language; and (2) is located in risks and commitments that these design features make manifest.
    Description
    This is the author's accepted manuscript. The published version is available from Project Muse: http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/philosophy_and_rhetoric/v044/44.3.innocenti.pdf
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/1808/8328
    Collections
    • Communication Studies Scholarly Works [152]
    Citation
    Innocenti, Beth. “A Normative Pragmatic Model of Making Fear Appeals.” Philosophy and Rhetoric 44 (2011): 273-90.

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    Contact KU ScholarWorks
    785-864-8983
    KU Libraries
    1425 Jayhawk Blvd
    Lawrence, KS 66045
    785-864-8983

    KU Libraries
    1425 Jayhawk Blvd
    Lawrence, KS 66045
    Image Credits
     

     

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