KU ScholarWorks
KU ScholarWorks is the institutional repository of the University of Kansas, featuring scholarly work by KU faculty, staff and students. As of July 30, 2024, we've upgraded to a new version of the software, but you will still be able to search for items in the repository, download files, and work with us to deposit new content.
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Item Harald Saeverud: Symphony No. 2, OP. 4 New Critical Edition(University of Kansas, 2002-05)Harald Saeverud (1897-1992) is widely considered to be Norway's foremost symphonic composer. Of his nine symphonies, only the last five are published. The first four exist in manuscript only, and the material is impractical to use. This situation is partly to blame for the fact that Saeverud's early symphonies, in the last fifty years, have been almost completely ignored by orchestras and conductors. The motivation for this paper is to help promote Harald Saeverud's music in two ways: - by making music available that is easy to read and practical to use. - by making written material available in English that can be used in various promotional and educational contexts. The score has been edited with major emphasis on ease of reading. Some notational idiosyncrasies convey important emotive or stylistic information that needs to be preserved even if it is difficult to read. In other cases, the notation seems more problematic than can be warranted by such concerns. Most of the alterations involve enharmonic spelling, complex rhythms, and subtle tempo changes. The text is intended as a preface to the score, and it includes biographical information, a stylistic overview of Saeverud's main compositions, editorial information, and a formal analysis of the Second Symphony. The symphony is analyzed from two different perspectives. The main analysis (Analysis I) attempts to follow the composer's own attitudes regarding the relative importance of various musical elements. Analysis II is a brief, mostly schematic, summary of unifying elements. The composer would probably have found these to be coincidental and irrelevant, whereas this writer found the connections significant and useful. The editorial process is described in as much detail as warranted in a situation where the original source is lost. This section concludes with "Notes to the Conductor," where this writer's personal experiences with his grandfather, Harald Saeverud, are drawn upon to formulate specific suggestions in connection with performances of the Second Symphony. The Appendix lists individuals and organizations that may be of assistance in connection with performances of Saeverud's music in general.Publication SRC-1 controls growth cone polarity and protrusion with the UNC-6/Netrin receptor UNC-5 in Caenorhabditis elegans(PLOS One, 2024-05-21)The Polarity/Protusion model of UNC-6/Netrin function in axon repulsion does not rely on a gradient of UNC-6/Netrin. Instead, the UNC-5 receptor polarizes the VD growth cone such that filopodial protrusions are biased to the dorsal leading edge. UNC-5 then inhibits growth cone protrusion ventrally based upon this polarity, resulting in dorsally-biased protrusion and dorsal migration away from UNC-6/Netrin. While previous studies have shown that UNC-5 inhibits growth cone protrusion by destabilizing actin, preventing microtubule + end entry, and preventing vesicle fusion, the signaling pathways involved are unclear. The SRC-1 tyrosine kinase has been previously shown to physically interact with and phosphorylate UNC-5, and to act with UNC-5 in axon guidance and cell migration. Here, the role of SRC-1 in VD growth cone polarity and protrusion is investigated. A precise deletion of src-1 was generated, and mutants displayed unpolarized growth cones with increased size, similar to unc-5 mutants. Transgenic expression of src-1(+) in VD/DD neurons resulted in smaller growth cones, and rescued growth cone polarity defects of src-1 mutants, indicating cell-autonomous function. Transgenic expression of a putative kinase-dead src-1(D831A) mutant caused a phenotype similar to src-1 loss-of-function, suggesting that this is a dominant negative mutation. The D381A mutation was introduced into the endogenous src-1 gene by genome editing, which also had a dominant-negative effect. Genetic interactions of src-1 and unc-5 suggest they act in the same pathway on growth cone polarity and protrusion, but might have overlapping, parallel functions in other aspects of axon guidance. src-1 function was not required for the effects of activated myr::unc-5, suggesting that SRC-1 might be involved in UNC-5 dimerization and activation by UNC-6, of which myr::unc-5 is independent. In sum, these results show that SRC-1 acts with UNC-5 in growth cone polarity and inhibition of protrusion.Publication Transition metal-free decarboxylative olefination of carboxylic acid salts.(Chemical Science, 2024-05-15)The cost-effective and efficient synthesis of alkenes is highly significant due to their extensive applications in both synthetic and polymer industries. A transition metal-free approach has been devised for the chemoselective olefination of carboxylic acid salts. This modular approach provides direct access to valuable electron-deficient styrenes in moderate to good yields. Detailed mechanistic studies suggest anionic decarboxylation is followed by halogen ion transfer. This halogen transfer leads to an umpolung of reactant electronics, allowing for a rate-limiting rebound elimination.Publication Ecological niche conservatism spurs diversification in response to climate change(Nature Portfolio, 2024-02-19)Lengthy debate has surrounded the theoretical and empirical science of whether climatic niche evolution is related to increased or decreased rates of biological diversification. Because species can persist for thousands to millions of years, these questions cross broad scales of time and space. Thus, short-term experiments may not provide comprehensive understanding of the system, leading to the emergence of contrasting opinions: niche evolution may increase diversity by allowing species to explore and colonize new geographic areas across which they could speciate; or, niche conservatism might augment biodiversity by supporting isolation of populations that may then undergo allopatric speciation. Here, we use a simulation approach to test how biological diversification responds to different rates and modes of niche evolution. We find that niche conservatism promotes biological diversification, whereas labile niches-whether adapting to the conditions available or changing randomly-generally led to slower diversification rates. These novel results provide a framework for understanding how Earth-life interactions produced such a diverse biota.Publication Effects of low-load resistance training with blood flow restriction on muscle fiber myofibrillar and extracellular area(Frontiers, 2024-02-20)Blood flow restriction applied during low-load resistance training (LL-BFR) induces a similar increase in the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers (fCSA) compared to traditional high-load resistance training (HL-RT). However, it is unclear whether LL-BFR leads to differential changes in myofibrillar spacing in muscle fibers and/or extracellular area compared to HL-RT. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether the hypertrophy of type I and II fibers induced by LL-BFR or HL-RT is accompanied by differential changes in myofibrillar and non-myofibrillar areas. In addition, we examined if extracellular spacing was differentially affected between these two training protocols. Twenty recreationally active participants were assigned to LL-BFR or HL-RT groups and underwent a 6-week training program. Muscle biopsies were taken before and after the training period. The fCSA of type I and II fibers, the area occupied by myofibrillar and non-myofibrillar components, and extracellular spacing were analyzed using immunohistochemistry techniques. Despite the significant increase in type II and mean (type I + II) fCSA ( < 0.05), there were no significant changes in the proportionality of the myofibrillar and non-myofibrillar areas [∼86% and ∼14%, respectively ( > 0.05)], indicating that initial adaptations to LL-BFR are primarily characterized by conventional hypertrophy rather than disproportionate non-myofibrillar expansion. Additionally, extracellular spacing was not significantly altered between protocols. In summary, our study reveals that LL-BFR, like HL-RT, induces skeletal muscle hypertrophy with proportional changes in the areas occupied by myofibrillar, non-myofibrillar, and extracellular components.
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