Toward a technology of generalization: The identification of natural contingencies of reinforcement

Abstract

Describes and illustrates 5 forms of evidence useful for demonstrating the existence and function of behavioral traps. Although past researchers have noted a need to program for the generalization and maintenance of behavior change, the current understanding of behavioral traps precludes the use of these contingencies to support behavioral changes when interventions are not in operation. The 5 forms of evidence useful for the identification and analysis of natural contingencies of reinforcement are a demonstration of generalization, maintenance of behavior over time, temporal covariation between a behavior and peer stimuli, functional analysis of peer social stimuli, and systematic replication. Examples from the applied research literature are provided to illustrate the kinds of studies that would enhance knowledge of behavioral traps and improve ability to understand and program the generalization of trained behaviors across diverse forms and settings and over time.