Spatial Reference in Rongga (ISO 639-3: ror), Balinese (ISO 639-3: ban), and Indonesian (ISO 639-3: ind)
Issue Date
2010-02-04Author
Aryawibawa, I. Nyoman
Publisher
University of Kansas
Format
268 pages
Type
Dissertation
Degree Level
Ph.D.
Discipline
Linguistics
Rights
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
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Show full item recordAbstract
Many scholars have proposed concepts relevant to spatial reference. Herskovits (1982) proposed that the topological concepts support, contiguity and containment are basic in English, while Levinson et al.'s (2003) examination of nine unrelated languages revealed that the concept attachment is primary. Neither of these proposals is confirmed in Rongga, Balinese, and Indonesian. My empirical and experimental investigation of these languages showed that the concept expectedness governs the use of topological prepositions in the languages. Non-topologically, it has long been claimed that a relative frame of reference is universal. This claim is also not confirmed in this study. My non-topological relation study reveals that Rongga and Balinese use a landmark system, while Indonesian practices a relative system. The Balinese landmark system changes to an absolute system when speakers leave the island. In short, this study reveals that previous proposals on the concepts relevant to spatial reference are not universally supported.
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