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Natural Syntax: Three-value Naturalness Scales
Cvetko Orešnik, Varja Orešnik, Janez
Cvetko Orešnik, Varja
Orešnik, Janez
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Abstract
Naravna skladnja je deduktivna teorija v razvoju in veja teorije naravnosti. Sodbe o naravnosti so
ubesedene v lestvicah naravnosti, ki sledijo iz osnovnih meril (ali »aksiomov«), naštetih v začetku
sestavka. Napovedi teorije se izračunavajo v t. i. izpeljavah, katerih glavni sestavini sta par lestvic
naravnosti in pravila o ujemanju med soodnosnimi vrednostmi naravnosti. Ločimo vzporedno in
križno ujemanje, ki sta v dopolnjevalni razvrstitvi. Križno ujemanje je obvezno v izpeljavah, omejenih
na skrajno nenaravno okolje.
Lestvice naravnosti vsebujejo zvečine po dve vrednosti, npr. >nat (+, –) / človeško; nekatere vsebujejo
po tri vrednosti, npr. (za slovenščino) >nat (ednina, množina, dvojina), ali so še bolj zapletene.
Ta sestavek obravnava lestvice s po tremi vrednostmi in prispeva tole: omejevanje okolja neke
izpeljave na najbolj desno ali na najbolj desni vrednosti take lestvice naravnosti, ki vsebuje tri vrednosti,
zahteva križno ujemanje. To je ponazorjeno s slovenskim, ruskim in angleškim jezikovnim
gradivom.
Druge objave o naravni skladnji: Kavčič 2005a–b, Orešnik 1999, 2000a–b, 2001a–f, 2002, 2003a–
c, 2002/03, 2004. V tem seznamu so samo dela, napisana v angleščini.
Natural Syntax is a developing deductive theory, a branch of Naturalness Theory. The naturalness
judgements are couched in naturalness scales, which follow from the basic parameters (or
“axioms”) listed at the beginning of the paper. The predictions of the theory are calculated in the
deductions, whose chief components are a pair of naturalness scales and the rules governing the
alignment of corresponding naturalness values. Parallel and chiastic alignments are distinguished,
in complementary distribution. Chiastic alignment is mandatory in deductions limited to unnatural
environments.
Naturalness scales are prevailingly two-value; for instance, >nat (+, –) / human. Some are threevalue
– for instance (for Slovenian), >nat (singular, plural, dual) – or even more complicated. This
paper deals with three-value scales and features the following chief finding: the restriction of the
environment of any deduction to the rightmost value or to the two rightmost values of a threevalue
naturalness scale requires chiastic alignment. This is exemplified with Slovenian, Russian
and English material.
Earlier publications on Natural Syntax: Kavčič 2005a–b, Orešnik 1999, 2000a–b, 2001a–f, 2002,
2003a–c, 2002/03, 2004. This list cites only works written in English.
Description
Date
2007-01-01
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Publisher
Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, ZRC SAZU; Hall Center for the Humanities, University of Kansas
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Keywords
syntax, morphosyntax
Citation
Slovenski jezik – Slovene Linguistic Studies 6 (2007): 235–249 http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/SLS.1808.4412