Understanding Spirituality among Chinese College Students: Xin-Yang (信仰) and its Assessment
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Issue Date
2019-08-31Author
Li, Shengnan
Publisher
University of Kansas
Format
141 pages
Type
Dissertation
Degree Level
Ph.D.
Discipline
Counseling Psychology
Rights
Copyright held by the author.
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
In spite of the effort researchers have made, there still seems to be a lack of cultural appropriateness when it comes to the concept of spirituality. Therefore, the current author considers the cultural appropriateness in the process of developing a scale that measures Chinese college students’ level of spirituality. Three focus groups and face-to-face interviews were conducted to help understand the concept of spirituality among Chinese college students. Xin-Yang 信仰 is the Chinese word the current author decided to use and study among Chinese college students. After the pool of items is developed, a fourth focus group was held among the current researcher and a panel of experts in the field of psychology that enabled the researcher to establish face validity for the current scale. A pilot study was conducted to modify the pool of items. A sample of 2,307 college student participants were recruited online from five different provinces, autonomous regions, and direct-controlled municipality in China. Confirmatory factor analysis, item factor analysis, and structural equation modeling were performed with the data. The final Xin-Yang scale has three factors: characteristics, mental guidance, and relationship to others. Xin-Yang scale is a sound and helpful measurement. Xin-Yang seems to be an important construct to these Chinese college students in relationship to their psychological well-being. Specifically, Xin-Yang is significantly and positively related to hope, self-esteem, and self- efficacy. Xin-Yang is significantly and negatively related to psychological symptoms. In addition, Xin-Yang is significantly and positively related to spirituality. Relationships among these constructs were discussed. Limitations and implications were also discussed.
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