Skeletal Muscle Cytokines following Repeated Bouts of Exercise and Orange Juice

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Issue Date
2018-05-31Author
Landes, Evan
Publisher
University of Kansas
Format
47 pages
Type
Thesis
Degree Level
M.S.Ed.
Discipline
Health, Sport and Exercise Sciences
Rights
Copyright held by the author.
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
The primary aim of this study is to determine if orange juice (OJ) supplementation can attenuate cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-α) levels in human skeletal muscle following exercise in the heat. We hypothesized that exercise in a hot humid environment will increase IL-6 and TNF-α levels in skeletal muscle. Secondly we hypothesized that supplementation with 100% OJ will partially attenuate the cytokine response to exercise in a similar manner to carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage (CEB) but more so than just drinking water (W) following exercise. In a single blind fashion, twenty healthy males and six healthy females, consumed either 100% OJ, W, or a CEB for eleven days. Over five of those days they performed 80 minutes of intermittent cycling (4 sets of 15min at 70% max heart rate) in an environmental chamber set at a mild, thermal temperature (30°C, 50% humidity). Muscle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of the study and analyzed for the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α via Western Blot protein immunoblotting technique. There was no main effect for either time or group IL-6 in skeletal muscle. However, there was a group x time interaction (p=0.018), where the group that consumed W linearly increased from day 1 to day 11 while the OJ, and CEB groups did not change. Post-hoc independent T-tests found a significant difference between the OJ and W group on Day 8 (p=0.028). TNF-α skeletal muscle levels were below the detection level of the imaging system and were not analyzed statisctically. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in intramuscular IL-6 between groups that consumed OJ, CEB, or W after repeated bouts of aerobic exercise. However, our data does suggest that the carbohydrate content of OJ and CEB could plausibly attenuate IL-6 increase when compared to just W.
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