Development of methacrylate/silorane hybrid monomer system: Relationship between photopolymerization behavior and dynamic mechanical properties

Abstract

Resin chemistries for dental composite are evolving as noted by the introduction of silorane-based composites in 2007. This shift in the landscape from methacrylate-based composites has fueled the quest for versatile methacrylate-silorane adhesives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the polymerization behavior and structure/property relationships of methacrylate-silorane hybrid systems. Amine compound ethyl-4-(dimethylamino) benzoate (EDMAB) or silane compound tris(trimethylsilyl) silane (TTMSS) was selected as coinitiators. The mechanical properties of the copolymer were improved significantly at low concentrations (15, 25, or 35 wt %) of silorane when EDMAB was used as coinitiator. The rubbery moduli of these experimental copolymers were increased by up to 260%, compared with that of the control (30.8 ± 1.9 MPa). Visible phase separation appeared in these formulations if the silorane concentrations in the formulations were 50–75 wt %. The use of TTMSS as coinitiator decreased the phase separation, but there was a concomitant decrease in mechanical properties. In the neat methacrylate formulations, the maximum rates of free-radical polymerization with EDMAB or TTMSS were 0.28 or 0.06 s−1, respectively. In the neat silorane resin, the maximum rates of cationic ring-opening polymerization with EDMAB or TTMSS were 0.056 or 0.087 s−1, respectively. The phase separation phenomenon may be attributed to differences in the rates of free-radical polymerization of methacrylates and cationic ring-opening polymerization of silorane. In the hybrid systems, free-radical polymerization initiated with EDMAB led to higher crosslink density and better mechanical properties under dry/wet conditions. These beneficial effects were, however, associated with an increase in heterogeneity in the network structure.