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    Genomic insights into the evolutionary origin of Myxozoa within Cnidaria

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    Cartwright_2015.pdf (875.3Kb)
    Issue Date
    2015
    Author
    Chang, Sally E.
    Neuhof, Moran
    Rubinstein, Nimrod
    Diamant, Arik
    Philippe, Hervé
    Huchon, Dorothée
    Cartwright, Paulyn
    Publisher
    National Academy of Sciences
    Type
    Article
    Article Version
    Scholarly/refereed, publisher version
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    Abstract
    The Myxozoa comprise over 2,000 species of microscopic obligate parasites that use both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts as part of their life cycle. Although the evolutionary origin of myxozoans has been elusive, a close relationship with cnidarians, a group that includes corals, sea anemones, jellyfish, and hydroids, is supported by some phylogenetic studies and the observation that the distinctive myxozoan structure, the polar capsule, is remarkably similar to the stinging structures (nematocysts) in cnidarians. To gain insight into the extreme evolutionary transition from a free-living cnidarian to a microscopic endoparasite, we analyzed genomic and transcriptomic assemblies from two distantly related myxozoan species, Kudoa iwatai and Myxobolus cerebralis, and compared these to the transcriptome and genome of the less reduced cnidarian parasite, Polypodium hydriforme. A phylogenomic analysis, using for the first time to our knowledge, a taxonomic sampling that represents the breadth of myxozoan diversity, including four newly generated myxozoan assemblies, confirms that myxozoans are cnidarians and are a sister taxon to P. hydriforme. Estimations of genome size reveal that myxozoans have one of the smallest reported animal genomes. Gene enrichment analyses show depletion of expressed genes in categories related to development, cell differentiation, and cell–cell communication. In addition, a search for candidate genes indicates that myxozoans lack key elements of signaling pathways and transcriptional factors important for multicellular development. Our results suggest that the degeneration of the myxozoan body plan from a free-living cnidarian to a microscopic parasitic cnidarian was accompanied by extreme reduction in genome size and gene content.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22099
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1511468112
    Collections
    • Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Scholarly Works [1500]
    Citation
    Chang, E. S., Neuhof, M., Rubinstein, N. D., Diamant, A., Philippe, H., Huchon, D., & Cartwright, P. (2015). Genomic insights into the evolutionary origin of Myxozoa within Cnidaria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 112(48), 14912–14917. doi:10.1073/pnas.1511468112

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    Contact KU ScholarWorks
    785-864-8983
    KU Libraries
    1425 Jayhawk Blvd
    Lawrence, KS 66045
    785-864-8983

    KU Libraries
    1425 Jayhawk Blvd
    Lawrence, KS 66045
    Image Credits
     

     

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