Self-report sleep quality combined with sleep time variability distinguishes differences in fatigue, anxiety, and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis

Abstract

Background: Nearly 70% of individuals with multiple sclerosis report sleep disturbances or poor sleep quality. Sleep disturbances may exacerbate or complicate the management of multiple sclerosis-related symptoms. While sleep variability has been associated with several health outcomes, it is unclear how sleep variability is associated with multiple sclerosis-related symptoms. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how total sleep time variability combined with self-reported sleep quality is associated with fatigue, depression, and anxiety in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of actigraphy data and questionnaires to assess sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Results: There were significant differences between the Good Sleepers (good sleep quality/low sleep time variability; n¼14) and Bad Sleepers (poor sleep quality/high sleep time variability; n¼23) in overall fatigue (p¼0.003), cognitive (p¼0.002) and psychosocial fatigue (p¼0.01) subscales, and in trait anxiety (p¼0.007). There were significant differences in state (p¼0.004) and trait (p¼0.001) anxiety and depression (p¼0.002) between the Good Sleepers and Poor Reported Sleepers (poor sleep quality/low sleep time variability; n¼24). Conclusion: These results indicate different factors are associated with poor sleep quality in individuals with low versus high total sleep time variability. Considering the factors that are associated with sleep quality and variability may allow for better tailoring of interventions aimed at improving sleep issues or comorbid conditions.