EFFECTS OF SELF-MANAGEMENT USING FITBIT® TO INCREASE STEPS TAKEN BY ADULTS WITH INTELLECTUAL AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES

Abstract

Adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often have health concerns (e.g., obesity). Research suggests that one way to remedy these health concerns is to increase physical activity. Self-management is the use of techniques to change one’s own behavior. Using a multiple baseline design across participants with an unplanned reversal and a changing criterion, the present study evaluated the effects of a self-management package that included wearing a Fitbit Flex®, goal-setting, feedback, and reinforcement to increase steps taken by adults with IDD. We recorded weight as a secondary dependent variable. For the first participant, goal-setting and feedback alone did not increase steps. After adding a tangible reinforcement component, steps increased for several consecutive weeks. For the second and third participants, goal-setting and feedback had modest effects on steps. Weight did not decrease with the number of steps taken. Findings suggest that for some, a Fitbit Flex® combined with self-management components may provide a modest increase in steps taken. For others, tangible reinforcement may be necessary. Additional procedures need to be developed to address weight loss. Future research should explore other determinants of health promotion for adults with IDD. The current study presents one component in improving overall health.