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dc.contributor.advisorHull, Holly
dc.contributor.authorBielinski, Dana S.
dc.date.accessioned2019-05-10T16:37:09Z
dc.date.available2019-05-10T16:37:09Z
dc.date.issued2017-12-31
dc.date.submitted2017
dc.identifier.otherhttp://dissertations.umi.com/ku:15659
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1808/27847
dc.description.abstractThe Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport is a well-studied interrelationship between bone mineral density (BMD), hormone disruption and low energy availability in female athletes. Standards for identification, treatment, and prevention have been established for female athletes. Research suggests that a similar phenomenon is occurring in male athletes. However, due to the different physiologies of males and females, the vast knowledge and findings surrounding female athletes cannot be directly applied to male athletes. The purpose of this study is to act as a preliminary study investigating the relationship between percentage body fat, BMD, and hormone levels in collegiate endurance athletes. In addition, we examined these relationships by level of adiposity. Twenty subjects enrolled in the study and 19 subjects met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 19 subjects, 5 subjects had missing data and were not included in the analyses resulting in 14 subjects for analyses. No relationship was found between percentage body fat and BMD or between percentage body fat and levels of hormones. The median percentage body fat was calculated and two groups were created: (1) ≤50th percentile; and (2) 50th percentile. In subjects with a percentage body fat below the median, an inverse correlation between serum testosterone and dual femur z-score (r = -0.76, p = 0.05) was found. A borderline significant inverse correlation between serum testosterone and AP spine z-score (r = -0.74, p = 0.06) was also detected. Insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was positively correlated to AP spine z-score (r = 0.82, p = 0.02). Additionally, a strong correlation between IGF-1 and dual femur z-score (r=0.69, p= 0.09) was observed. Relationships were also detected in athletes with a percentage body fat above the median. Serum testosterone was strongly correlated to AP spine z-score (r = 0.84, p = 0.19). The relationship between serum testosterone and dual femur z-score approached significance (r = .072, p = 0.07). No relationships between cortisol and dual femur or AP spine z-score was found in either percentage body fat group. In conclusion, no relationship was found between percentage body fat and BMD or between percentage body fat and levels of hormones. Relationships were detected when examining these correlations in athletes with a percentage body fat ≤50th percentile or 50th percentile. Further studies with a larger sample size are needed to understand these relationships.
dc.format.extent64 pages
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherUniversity of Kansas
dc.rightsCopyright held by the author.
dc.subjectNutrition
dc.subjectendurance athletes
dc.subjectenergy deficiency
dc.subjectsports
dc.titleInvestigating Relative Energy Deficiency in Male Endurance Trained Athletes
dc.typeThesis
dc.contributor.cmtememberGoetz, Jeannine
dc.contributor.cmtememberHamilton-Reeves, Jill
dc.thesis.degreeDisciplineDietetics & Nutrition
dc.thesis.degreeLevelM.S.
dc.identifier.orcid
dc.rights.accessrightsopenAccess


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