The Optimization of Data Acquisition, Fuel Flow, and Spark Timing Control for a Synthesis Gas-Engine-Generator System

Abstract

As climate change drives the exploration into new and alternative fuels, biodiesel has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional diesel fuel. To further increase the viability of biodiesel, a unique system at the University of Kansas utilizes glycerin, the primary byproduct of biodiesel production, for power generation. This system converts glycerin into a hydrogen-rich gas (syngas) that is sent to an engine-generator system in one continuous flow process. This thesis details the implementation and troubleshooting of recent upgrades to the system, the experimental optimization of propane fuel and spark control for the engine, and directions for future research involving this setup. Chapter Two describes recent changes in the Syngas Rig including the renovation and replacement of various components to enhance the efficiency of the system and to resolve encountered issues. For instance, a recently installed water pump (Berkeley Model S39533) in the cooling system replaced the stock mechanical pump to eliminate an engine overheating issue. Moreover, additional safety measures were implemented in the fuel system in order to prevent any unintentional activation of fuel flow. All of the rig’s operating paths now require the activation of both mechanical and electric switches by wiring in a series instead of through parallel circuits. This chapter also includes troubleshooting guidelines to aid future students in utilizing the system. The third chapter discusses upgrades in pure propane operation that help by preheating the engine prior to syngas operation and establishing the baseline energy requirement for fueling the system. In addition, an upgrade to the fuel system incorporates an electric fuel valve (EFV) as a replacement for a gaseous propane carburetor, providing the ability for air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) adjustment of the engine at different generator loads. Moreover, spark timing optimization accompanies the new fuel control in order to enhance engine performance and maximize fuel economy. Additionally, in-cylinder pressure traces and associated performance parameters are reviewed and discussed in order to analyze the operation of the new EFV-based system. Finally, the fourth chapter provides a thorough discussion of the thesis efforts along with suggested directions for future research.