Structure-Activity Relationships in Toll-like Receptor 2-Agonists Leading to Simplified Monoacyl Lipopeptides

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Issue Date
2011-12-08Author
Agnihotri, Geetanjali
Crall, Breanna M.
Lewis, Tyler C.
Day, Timothy P.
Balakrishna, Rajalakshmi
Warshakoon, Hemamali J.
Malladi, Subbalakshmi S.
David, Sunil A.
Publisher
American Chemical Society
Type
Article
Article Version
Scholarly/refereed, author accepted manuscript
Rights
This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm201071e.
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Toll-like receptor 2-agonistic lipopeptides typified by S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)-(2RS)-propyl]-R-cysteinyl-S-serine (PAM2CS) compounds are potential vaccine adjuvants. In continuation of previously reported structure-activity relationships on this chemotype, we have determined that at least one acyl group of optimal length (C16) and an appropriately orientated ester carbonyl group is essential for TLR2-agonistic activity. The spacing between one of the palmitoyl ester carbonyl and the thioether is crucial to allow for an important H-bond, which observed in the crystal structure of the lipopeptide:TLR2 complex; consequently, activity is lost in homologated compounds. Penicillamine-derived analogues are also inactive, likely due to unfavorable steric interactions with the carbonyl of Ser 12 in TLR2. The thioether in this chemotype can be replaced with a selenoether. Importantly, the thioglycerol motif can be dispensed with altogether, and can be replaced with a thioethanol bridge. These results have led to a structurally simpler, synthetically more accessible, and water-soluble analogue possessing strong TLR2-agonistic activities in human blood.
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Citation
Agnihotri, G., Crall, B. M., Lewis, T. C., Day, T. P., Balakrishna, R., Warshakoon, H. J., … David, S. A. (2011). Structure-Activity Relationships in Toll-like Receptor 2-Agonists Leading to Simplified Monoacyl Lipopeptides. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 54(23), 8148–8160. http://doi.org/10.1021/jm201071e
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