The influence of music-assisted coping strategies on dyspnea, anxiety, and self-efficacy for patients in home care occupational therapy: A feasibility study

Abstract

Abstract Review of Literature: Current dyspnea research shows a need for more investigation of non-pharmacologic interventions that promote self-efficacy, address multiple dimensions of dyspnea, and help disrupt dyspnea-anxiety cycles. Clinical studies and emerging information on the neurophysiological effects of music show evidence and potential mechanisms for music to enhance dyspnea self-management strategies. Methods: The researchers recruited participants receiving home care occupational therapy for dyspnea management. Participants received an audio compact disc with verbal cues for guided relaxation and breathing techniques, with or without supportive music based on random assignment. Participants were asked to complete Modified Borg Dyspnea Scales for dyspnea intensity and unpleasantness (MBDS-I and MBDS-U) and a Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) before and after each practice period, as well as a Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SECD6) at the beginning and end of the treatment period. Results: Three participants initiated the study, and data was collected for one participant with COPD (n=1). The pre-treatment SECD6 reflected moderate self-efficacy, and a post-treatment SECD6 was not collected. The MBDS-I, MBDS-U, and SUDS showed consistent decreases between pre- and post-intervention (mean decrease of 1.4 points in dyspnea intensity, 1.9 points in dyspnea unpleasantness, and 3 points in subjective distress). Discussion: Though the data showed decreases in dyspnea and anxiety, the sample size was too small to interpret the results. The study revealed potential improvements for future research. Keywords: dyspnea, occupational therapy, coping strategies, self-management, music intervention, breathing, relaxation