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    Evolution of the complementary sex-determination gene of honey bees: Balancing selection and trans-species polymorphisms

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    SmithDeb_GR_16(11)1366.pdf (910.0Kb)
    Issue Date
    2006-10-25
    Author
    Cho, Soochin
    Huang, Zachary Y.
    Green, Daniel R.
    Smith, Deborah R.
    Zhang, Jianzhi
    Publisher
    Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Type
    Article
    Article Version
    Scholarly/refereed, publisher version
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    Abstract
    The mechanism of sex determination varies substantively among evolutionary lineages. One important mode of genetic sex determination is haplodiploidy, which is used by ∼20% of all animal species, including >200,000 species of the entire insect order Hymenoptera. In the honey bee Apis mellifera, a hymenopteran model organism, females are heterozygous at the csd (complementary sex determination) locus, whereas males are hemizygous (from unfertilized eggs). Fertilized homozygotes develop into sterile males that are eaten before maturity. Because homozygotes have zero fitness and because common alleles are more likely than rare ones to form homozygotes, csd should be subject to strong overdominant selection and negative frequency-dependent selection. Under these selective forces, together known as balancing selection, csd is expected to exhibit a high degree of intraspecific polymorphism, with long-lived alleles that may be even older than the species. Here we sequence the csd genes as well as randomly selected neutral genomic regions from individuals of three closely related species, A. mellifera, Apis cerana, and Apis dorsata. The polymorphic level is approximately seven times higher in csd than in the neutral regions. Gene genealogies reveal trans-species polymorphisms at csd but not at any neutral regions. Consistent with the prediction of rare-allele advantage, nonsynonymous mutations are found to be positively selected in csd only in early stages after their appearances. Surprisingly, three different hypervariable repetitive regions in csd are present in the three species, suggesting variable mechanisms underlying allelic specificities. Our results provide a definitive demonstration of balancing selection acting at the honey bee csd gene, offer insights into the molecular determinants of csd allelic specificities, and help avoid homozygosity in bee breeding.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/1808/16717
    DOI
    https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.4695306
    ISSN
    1088-9051
    Collections
    • Center for Teaching Excellence Scholarly Works [83]
    • Ecology & Evolutionary Biology Scholarly Works [1528]
    Citation
    Cho, Soochin et al. (2006). "Evolution of the complementary sex-determination gene of honey bees: Balancing selection and trans-species polymorphisms." Genome Research, 16:1366-1375. http://www.dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.4695306.

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    Contact KU ScholarWorks
    785-864-8983
    KU Libraries
    1425 Jayhawk Blvd
    Lawrence, KS 66045
    785-864-8983

    KU Libraries
    1425 Jayhawk Blvd
    Lawrence, KS 66045
    Image Credits
     

     

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