Effective Transcriptions: A Discussion Regarding Technical, Musical, and Practical Approaches for the Modern Marimba

Abstract

As a young solo instrument, the westernized marimba displays and wide range of musical possibilities. Since the early-twentieth century composers have transcribed music for marimba as a way to expand the repertoire. However, there are many different styles of transcribing and not all of them are successful on this instrument. The technical capabilities and limitations of the marimba need to be considered of the utmost importance when shifting music to the new medium. In this case, the issue of sustaining sound on marimba is discussed as a primary issue. As one of the greatest transcribers in music history, Franz Liszt represents a key figure in how successful transcribing can be done. His transcriptions are broken down into partitions and paraphrases. Paraphrases are free arrangements of an existing work and the partitions are arrangements that maintain a high fidelity to the original score. These partitions take into account the language of the new medium and place the original composers voice above the new transcribers. These transcriptions of Liszt are used as a case study to compare to marimba transcriptions. A good example of a marimba partition is Kevin Super's arrangement of Astor Piazzolla's Tango Suite for guitar duo. He maintains the original score and does not add any new passages to give the sense that he is trying to diminish Piazzolla's original voice. The addition of the vibraphone is discussed here as a way to overcome the issue of sustain. Another example is Leigh Howard Stevens' arrangement of the Sonata in g minor by J. S. Bach. This partition is slightly different in its approach and shows a higher level of the transcribers voice in the new piece in terms of extended and virtuosic techniques. A different approach can be taken with the Bach transcription in which the natural tendencies of the instrument are utilized. Taking out the extended techniques and changing other aspects like tempo and tremolos can place a higher importance on Bach's original and can ensure that the marimba is making the music speak as best as it can.