| dc.description.abstract | This paper establishes the term ORPHAN PREFIX for a Slavic prefix that no longer
shares a dominant spatial meaning with its cognate preposition. Most Slavic prefixes
do share such a dominant spatial meaning with their cognate prepositions,
cf., e.g., the Russian prefix v- and preposition v, both meaning ‘into.’ Orphan prefixes
appear to be an important component of many Slavic aspectual systems.
However, in most Slavic languages there is at most one prefix that has lost the
semantic connection to its cognate preposition and come to function primarily as a
grammatical marker of perfectivity. Only three Slavic prefixes are in fact to be
considered orphan prefixes, and each only in some Slavic languages. A first case
is Bulgarian iz- ‘out,’ as its cognate preposition iz is no longer used in the spatial
meaning ‘out of.’ The most extreme case is Bulgarian po-, which no longer shares
the spatial meaning of SURFACE CONTACT with the preposition po to any significant
degree. Another important case is the hybrid prefix s-/z- in Slovene, which
arose due to the phonetic coalescence of sъ- ‘together, down from’ and jьz- ‘out’
after the fall of the jers and which as a perfectivizing prefix has lost its semantic
connection to sъ ‘with, down from’ and iz ‘out of’ to varying degrees in Slovene.
This paper presents an overview of perfectivizing prefixation in three South Slavic
languages, Bulgarian, Croatian and Slovene. It is argued that though the loss of
a dominant spatial meaning is necessary for a given prefix to be grammaticalized
as a purely perfectivizing prefix in an individual Slavic language, this process is
neither predictable nor necessary for the maintenance of a Slavic-style aspect system
(cf. standard Croatian, where no orphan prefix exists and no such
grammaticalization has taken place). Building on this line of thinking, the paper
argues that the facts from South Slavic support recent views on grammaticalization,
that there is no “grammaticalization” process per se, only semantic changes
that lead to grammaticalization as an epiphenomenal result. | |
