| dc.description.abstract | Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a new method of project delivery that uses
collaboration and a team of key stakeholders (Owner, Architect/Engineer, and
Contractor) early in the life of a project to make the process more efficient, optimize
results, and reduce waste (American Institute of Architects 2007). Building Information
Modeling (BIM) is a set of interrelated models created by the project team that offers the
ability to exchange information (Wickersham 2009). BIM embeds the three dimensional
model with detailed information, such as schedule and cost data. When IPD and BIM are
combined, the result can be a very successful project that reduces claims from design
errors and omissions.
Modeling technology has advanced to the point that inefficiencies in the
traditional project delivery methods have been identified. Parallel modeling is the most
obvious of the inefficiencies. In parallel modeling, the Contractor re-creates the
Architect/Engineer’s BIM model, which was developed during the design stage, for use
during the construction stage. The Contractor re-creates this model because it was
developed without input from the Contractor, and may not be appropriate for the “means
and methods” of construction. Advanced Modeling Technology is also allowing virtual
models to be developed prior to building a full-scale model at full price.
Challenges also present themselves when using IPD for the delivery of a project,
such as overcoming decades of mistrust, lack of communication, and opposition between
the Architect/Engineer and Contractor (Cunz 2009). There are some insurability issues and legal concerns due to the overlapping of the historical roles and responsibilities of the
Architect/Engineer and Contractor that must be considered when using IPD and BIM.
The historical roles and responsibilities have been defined by a history of case law and
legal disputes between the Architect/Engineer and Contractor. These concerns and issues
can be neutralized within the IPD and BIM Agreement(s).
This paper examines some of the challenges, benefits, and risks presented when
using IPD and BIM. IPD and BIM are changing the way projects are delivered with
early, and often, interaction from all parties involved in the project, and by creating a
model embedded with detailed information that will ultimately be used to construct the
project.
Architectural and Engineering Companies must pay attention to how IPD and
BIM are impacting the structure and existence of their firms, and have to become
comfortable with IPD and BIM to remain competitive in the industry. Technology is
allowing for the design and construction process to become more efficient and integrated,
which reduces wasteful spending. Architects/Engineers must also carefully consider the
risks, contractual expectations, and compensation before entering into this new type of
project delivery agreement. The legal risks and financial rewards must be balanced. | |
