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Performance and Emissions of ASTM-Approved Alternative Jet Fuels in Compression Ignition Engines
Pinto, Darren Julian
Pinto, Darren Julian
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Abstract
The use of aviation fuels in compression ignition engines rose from the single forward fuel policy (SFFP) that mandated all vehicles at military bases be operated on JP-8. Since CI engines are designed to operate on diesel fuels, the switch to aviation fuels would affect both performance and emissions due to the difference in physical properties and chemical composition between aviation and diesel fuels. Hence, the first section of the study is a comprehensive review of all research pertinent to CI engines fuelled with aviation fuels for the SFFP. The tests indicate that CI engine combustion was affected by the change in viscosity, density, and cetane number (CN) of the fuel. The lower CN resulted in delayed ignition and a high premixed burn rate while the lower viscosity led to improved atomization. However, the lower viscosity also reduced fuel penetration in the cylinder while increasing spray angles and leakages past the fuel pump clearance volumes that reduced engine performance. Conversely, fuels with a greater lower heating value (LHV) and CN resulted in improved combustion as compared to diesel fuels. Finally, the CI engine test with blends of Jet-A and a coal-to-liquid (CTL) jet fuel from Sasol Ltd. at the University of Kansas pointed at a possible combination of lower CN and a low viscosity that impeded combustion and limited the synthetic blend to 20 percent by volume.
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Date
2019-12-31
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University of Kansas
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Keywords
Mechanical engineering, Transportation, Chemical engineering, Alternative Jet Fuels, Cetane Number, Coal to Liquid Fuel, Combustion Ignition Engine, JP-8, Single Fuel Forward Policy