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"Wäre doch Truber ein Kroat gewesen!" Slovenische Variationen ber das Thema einer gesamtsdslavischen Schriftsprache von der Reformation bis zum Neoillyrismus
Seitz, Elisabeth
Seitz, Elisabeth
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Abstract
SLOVENE: Kadar koli so se slovenski intelektualci odločali o temeljnih vprašanjih knjižnega jezika, se je vnela večletna srdita razprava, vkateri so vedno prevladali nasprotniki vzpostavitve enotnega južnoslovanskega knjižnega jezika. Težnje k (ponovni) jezikovni enotnosti južnih Slovanov (razen Bolgarov) so se pojavile v reformaciji, v obdobju ilirizma in neoilirizma. V 16. stoletju naj biskupni knjižni jezik temeljil na enem od narečij in tako omogočil razširjati protestantizem tudi med neizobraženim ljudstvom. Cilj ilirizma je bila vzpostavitev skupnega južnoslovanskega knjižnega jezika umetniške književnosti, temelječega na skupnih značilnostih večine južnoslovanskih idiomov, z namenom, da se z enotno književnostjovseh južnih Slovanov (v nekaterih poskusih vseh Slovanov) ustvari enovit narod. V neolirizmu naj bi skupni južnoslovanski jezik, ki najbi po razpadu Avstro-Ogrske postal državni jezik, služil utrjevanju zavesti pripadnosti isti državi. Slovenska duhovščina, pisatelji in intelektualci ideji o skupnem južnoslovanskem jeziku večinoma niso bili naklonjeni. Medtem ko so v 16. stol. Sebastijan Krelj, v 19. Stanko Vraz in Matija Majar-Ziljski ter v 20. Fran Ilešič zagovarjali približevanje slovenskega jezika hrvaškemu, so v istih obdobjih drugi, predvsem Primož Trubar, Jernej Kopitar, France Prešeren in Ivan Cankarvztrajali, da se slovenski knjižni jezik razvija le v okviru danosti, ki mu jih nudi njegova narečna osnova. Le-ti so prevladali v vsakem odnavedenih poskusov, da bi se ustvaril širši skupni knjižni jezik. Danes, proti koncu 20. stol., ima slovenščina v Sloveniji prvič vzgodovini resnično veljavo na vseh področjih zasebnega in javnega življenja.
ENGLISH: Whenever leading Slovene intellectuals were in the position todecide about a large-scale solution to the literary language question,there was to be a fierce debate for several years, with the minimalist view eventually prevailing. Representatives of three differently motivated movements, the Reformation, Illyrism and Neo-Illyrism, tried to restore the linguistic unity among the South Slavs (mostly excluding the Bulgarians from the start). Accordingly, the literary language for all South Slavs was to be based either on one of the regional dialects, aiming for a wider reading public in order to spread the reformation doctrine also among the uneducated, or it was to be the language of sophisticated literature, based on lexical and morphological featurescommon to most South Slavic dialects, in order to create a nation by creating a national literature for all South Slavs (or, sometimes even wider, for all Slavs). In the third period, in the Neo-Illyrist movement, the idea was to create a common literary language for the useof all inhabitants of a Yugoslav state after the dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy: the identification of its citizens with their state was to be strengthened by linguistic unity. The Slovenian clergy's, writers' and intellectuals' attitudes towards suggestions for a common South Slavic literary language, the topic of discussion in the present paper, appear to be mostly rather skeptical than friendly, and, while there were among the Slovenes men like Sebastian Krelj in the 16th, Stanko Vraz and Matija Majar-Ziljski in the 19th and Fran Ilešič in the20th century, who played the parts of protagonists of a wider concept of literary language, fusing the Slovene and the Croatian dialectal basis, there were others who took a minimalist point of view at least as decidedly, accepting nothing outside the Slovene dialects as a basis for a literary language used by Slovenes. The best known among themwere Primus Truber, Jernej Kopitar, France Prešeren and Ivan Cankar,and it was their minimalist notion of the Slovene literary language that each time prevailed in the end. Now, at the end of the 20th century, the Slovene literary language is, for the first time in history, on its way towards validity in all fields of private and public life in the Republic of Slovenia.
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Date
1997-01-01
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ZRC SAZU / Hall Center for the Humanities
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Keywords
Illyrian movement, Romanticism, South Slavic languages, Croatian language, Slovene language, Slovenian language, Primus Truber, Reformation, Language standardization, Austro-Hungary
Citation
Slovenski jezik / Slovene Linguistic Studies http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/SLS.1808.799