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Development of an instrument : maternal postpartum adaptation to motherhood
Chaffin, Dee Englebrecht
Chaffin, Dee Englebrecht
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to construct a valid and reliable instrument designed to measure postpartum adaptation to motherhood. Subjects were postpartum clients in a large midwestern medical center. A convenience sample (N=54) completed two questionnaires as inpatients; a demographic profile and a Marital Adjustment Sematic Differential Scale. The Maternal Postpartum Adaptation to Motherhood questionnaire was completed Day 12 and Day 14 after discharge. The instrument under study was developed by this investigator. Items were designed from five constructs described in the conceptual framework; "Self, Maternal History, Newborn, Role Adjustment, and Situation". Content validity was analyzed through the use of a panel of experts and examination of open-ended questions. The percent agreement between investigator and the panel of experts was 73.73% which closely approximated but did not attain the 75% agreement desired for content validation. Construct validation was analyzed through comparison of contrasted groups and factor analysis. Instrument scores of the contrasted groups "expected positive" and "expected negative" postpartum adaptation supported construct validity as differences between the mean scores were statistically significant, p=0.0135 (significance was set at p L 0.05), the difference was in the appropriate direction. Instrument items were submitted to factor analysis using an oblique rotation (PROMAX). Eight factors were found to have eigenvalues> 1.0 and to share 80% of the total variance. Four of the five theoretical constructs were seen as equivalent to, or subsets of, the factored constructs. One constructs was not evident through factor analysis. Constructs which were identified through factor analysis were: Satisfaction, Role Adaptation, Childhood History, Family Influence, Dependency, Acceptance, Sexuality, and Role Incorporation. Further research is needed to validate these labels as correct interpretations of the factors. Test-retest reliability was examined through the use of the statistical test Spearman correlation coefficient. Results were r=.8035. Internal consistency of the instrument was examined through the use of the statistical test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The coefficient found was 0.760. These reliability coefficients are within acceptable limits for instruments designed to measure differences between groups.
Description
M.N. University of Kansas, Nursing 1984
Date
1984-08-31
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University of Kansas