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Measurement of pH. Definition, Standards, and Procedures
Wilson, George S. Buck, R. P. Rondinini, S. Covington, A. K. Baucke, F. G. K. Brett, C. M. A. Camões, M. F. Milton, M. J. T. Mussini, T. Naumann, R.
Wilson, George S.
Buck, R. P.
Rondinini, S.
Covington, A. K.
Baucke, F. G. K.
Brett, C. M. A.
Camões, M. F.
Milton, M. J. T.
Mussini, T.
Naumann, R.
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Abstract
The definition of a “primary method of measurement” [1] has permitted
a full consideration of the definition of primary standards for pH, determined by a
primary method (cell without transference, Harned cell), of the definition of secondary
standards by secondary methods, and of the question whether pH, as a conventional
quantity, can be incorporated within the internationally accepted system
of measurement, the International System of Units (SI, Système International
d’Unités). This approach has enabled resolution of the previous compromise
IUPAC 1985 Recommendations [2]. Furthermore, incorporation of the uncertainties
for the primary method, and for all subsequent measurements, permits the
uncertainties for all procedures to be linked to the primary standards by an unbroken
chain of comparisons. Thus, a rational choice can be made by the analyst of
the appropriate procedure to achieve the target uncertainty of sample pH.
Accordingly, this document explains IUPAC recommended definitions, procedures,
and terminology relating to pH measurements in dilute aqueous solutions in
the temperature range 5–50 °C. Details are given of the primary and secondary
methods for measuring pH and the rationale for the assignment of pH values with
appropriate uncertainties to selected primary and secondary substances.
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Date
2002
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International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
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R.P. Buck, S. Rondinini, A.K. Covington, F.G.K. Baucke, C.M.A. Brett, M.F. Camões, M.J.T. Milton, T. Mussini, R. Naumann, K.W. Pratt, R. Spitzer, and G.S. Wilson, Measurement of pH. Definition, Standards, and Procedures, Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 2169-2200 (2002).