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dc.contributor.authorGowen, Fiona C.
dc.contributor.authorMaley, James M.
dc.contributor.authorCicero, Carla
dc.contributor.authorPeterson, A. Townsend
dc.contributor.authorFaircloth, Brant C.
dc.contributor.authorWarr, T. Caleb
dc.contributor.authorMcCormack, John E.
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-10T14:55:46Z
dc.date.available2014-07-10T14:55:46Z
dc.date.issued2014-06-17
dc.identifier.citationGowen et al.: Speciation in Western Scrub-Jays, Haldane’s rule, and genetic clines in secondary contact. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2014 14:135. htttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-135
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1808/14684
dc.description.abstractBackground

Haldane’s Rule, the tendency for the heterogametic sex to show reduced fertility in hybrid crosses, can obscure the signal of gene flow in mtDNA between species where females are heterogametic. Therefore, it is important when studying speciation and species limits in female-heterogametic species like birds to assess the signature of gene flow in the nuclear genome as well. We studied introgression of microsatellites and mtDNA across a secondary contact zone between coastal and interior lineages of Western Scrub-Jays (Aphelocoma californica) to test for a signature of Haldane’s Rule: a narrower cline of introgression in mtDNA compared to nuclear markers. Results

Our initial phylogeographic analysis revealed that there is only one major area of contact between coastal and interior lineages and identified five genetic clusters with strong spatial structuring: Pacific Slope, Interior US, Edwards Plateau (Texas), Northern Mexico, and Southern Mexico. Consistent with predictions from Haldane’s Rule, mtDNA showed a narrower cline than nuclear markers across a transect through the hybrid zone. This result is not being driven by female-biased dispersal because neutral diffusion analysis, which included estimates of sex-specific dispersal rates, also showed less diffusion of mtDNA. Lineage-specific plumage traits were associated with nuclear genetic profiles for individuals in the hybrid zone, indicating that these differences are under genetic control. Conclusions

This study adds to a growing list of studies that support predictions of Haldane’s Rule using cline analysis of multiple loci of differing inheritance modes, although alternate hypotheses like selection on different mtDNA types cannot be ruled out. That Haldane’s Rule appears to be operating in this system suggests a measure of reproductive isolation between the Pacific Slope and interior lineages. Based on a variety of evidence from the phenotype, ecology, and genetics, we recommend elevating three lineages to species level: A. californica (Pacific Slope); A. woodhouseii (Interior US plus Edwards Plateau plus Northern Mexico); A. sumichrasti (Southern Mexico). The distinctive Edwards Plateau population in Texas, which was monophyletic in mtDNA except for one individual, should be studied in greater detail given habitat threat.
dc.description.sponsorshipThis project was partially funded by an NSF EAGER grant DEB-1244739 to JEM, CC, and BCF and the Borestone Fund.
dc.rightsThis is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
dc.subjectBirds
dc.subjectSpeciation
dc.subjectGene Flow
dc.subjectPostzygotic reproductive isolation
dc.subjectPhylogeography
dc.titleSpeciation in Western Scrub-Jays, Haldane’s rule, and genetic clines in secondary contact
dc.typeArticle
kusw.kuauthorPeterson, A. Townsend
kusw.kudepartmentDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
kusw.oastatusfullparticipation
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/1471-2148-14-135
kusw.oaversionScholarly/refereed, publisher version
kusw.oapolicyThis item meets KU Open Access policy criteria.
dc.rights.accessrightsopenAccess


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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as: This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.