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Examining Sex Differences in the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Executive Function in Older Adults
Thangwaritorn, Pilar
Thangwaritorn, Pilar
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Abstract
Physical activity has been shown to be associated with improved executive function in older adults. However, less is understood about potential differences in the cognitive benefits of physical activity by sex. The present study explored potential sex differences in the relationship between light and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and executive function among older adults. Participants were 157 older adults (M = 70.61 years, SD = 6.06) without cognitive impairment (CDR = 0) that wore accelerometers (Actigraph GT9X) for 7 consecutive days in a free-living environment. Light and MVPA intensity was categorized based on Montoye Adult Vector Magnitude cut points. Males in our sample were statistically significantly older than females (t (df) = 2.97 (155), p = 0.003). Females in our sample showed greater levels of MVPA (t (df) = -2.33 (155), p = 0.021) and light physical activity (t (df) = -4.81 (155), p < 0.001), as well as greater executive function scores (t (df) = -2.39 (155), p = 0.018). Multiple regression analysis with an interaction term (sex x physical activity) demonstrated neither light nor MVPA significantly predicted executive function performance and no sex differences in this relationship were observed. The current sample includes relatively homogenous and well-educated individuals and employs a cross-sectional analysis. These findings suggest lack of association between varying levels of physical activity and executive function. Although not statistically significant in the present study, increases in light physical activity could be a more achievable goal for sedentary older adults. Future studies should consider the potential benefits of lower intensity physical activity on executive function.
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Date
2022-08-31
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University of Kansas
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Keywords
Clinical psychology, Executive Function, Older Adults, Physical Activity, Sex Differences