Cosgrove, Kelly T.McDermott, Timothy J.White, Evan J.Mosconi, Matthew W.Thompson, Wesley K.Paulus, Martin P.Cardenas-Iniguez, CarlosAupperle, Robin L.2022-08-152022-08-152022-05-12Cosgrove, K.T., McDermott, T.J., White, E.J. et al. Limits to the generalizability of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies of youth: An examination of ABCD Study® baseline data. Brain Imaging and Behavior 16, 1919–1925 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-022-00665-2https://hdl.handle.net/1808/33208This study examined how resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data quality and availability relate to clinical and sociodemographic variables within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study. A sample of participants with an adequate sample of quality baseline rs-fMRI data containing low average motion (framewise displacement ≤ 0.15; low-noise; n = 4,356) was compared to a sample of participants without an adequate sample of quality data and/or containing high average motion (higher-noise; n = 7,437) using Chi-squared analyses and t-tests. A linear mixed model examined relationships between clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and average head motion in the sample with low-noise data. Relative to the sample with higher-noise data, the low-noise sample included more females, youth identified by parents as non-Hispanic white, and youth with married parents, higher parent education, and greater household incomes (ORs = 1.32–1.42). Youth in the low-noise sample were also older and had higher neurocognitive skills, lower BMIs, and fewer externalizing and neurodevelopmental problems (ds = 0.12–0.30). Within the low-noise sample, several clinical and demographic characteristics related to motion. Thus, participants with low-noise rs-fMRI data may be less representative of the general population and motion may remain a confound in this sample. Future rs-fMRI studies of youth should consider these limitations in the design and analysis stages in order to optimize the representativeness and clinical relevance of analyses and results.Copyright © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science Business Media, LLC, part of Springer NatureABCD StudyResting-state fMRIHead motionSociodemographic factorsGeneralizabilityArticle10.1007/s11682-022-00665-2PMC35552993openAccess