Klavins, Sharon D.Kellogg, Derek W.Krings, MichaelTaylor, Edith L.Taylor, Thomas N.2015-02-242015-02-242005-01-01Klavins, Sharon D. et al. (2005). "Coprolites in a Middle Triassic cycad pollen cone: evidence for insect pollination in early cycads?" Evolutionary Ecology Research, 7(3):479-488. http://www.evolutionary-ecology.com/1522-0613https://hdl.handle.net/1808/16782This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.evolutionary-ecology.com/issues/v07n03/kkar1828.pdf.Question: What evidence is there for cycad–insect interactions in the fossil record? Organism: The pollen cone Delemaya spinulosa Klavins, Taylor, Krings et Taylor. Locality: Fremouw Formation (Middle Triassic), Fremouw Peak, Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica. Methods: We document the presence of pollen-laden coprolites in pollen sacs of a Middle Triassic cycad. Conclusions: These coprolites are comparable with fecal pellets of modern arthropods and we suggest that they were produced by beetles. This provides the oldest unequivocal evidence for a cycad–insect interaction and may represent a precursory stage in the establishment of a more complex cycad–pollinator relationship.coprolitesCycadalesinsectspollinivoryTriassicArticleopenAccess