Mielke, Laura L.2024-06-282024-06-282024-03-18Laura L Mielke, “This Sea of Upturned Faces”: The Rhetorical Role of Audience in Frederick Douglass’s Constitutional Interpretation at Midcentury, MELUS, Volume 49, Issue 1, Spring 2024, Pages 3–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlae009https://hdl.handle.net/1808/35219This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in MELUS following peer review. The version of record Laura L Mielke, “This Sea of Upturned Faces”: The Rhetorical Role of Audience in Frederick Douglass’s Constitutional Interpretation at Midcentury, MELUS, Volume 49, Issue 1, Spring 2024, Pages 3–27is available online at:, https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlae009Laura L Mielke, “This Sea of Upturned Faces”: The Rhetorical Role of Audience in Frederick Douglass’s Constitutional Interpretation at Midcentury, MELUS, Volume 49, Issue 1, Spring 2024, Pages 3–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlae009Copyright © 2024, © MELUS: The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.Article10.1093/melus/mlae009https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5042-8978embargoedAccess