2024-03-29T01:40:37Zhttps://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/oai/requestoai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/280652019-08-27T18:10:28Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Postural Control Processes During Static and Dynamic Activities in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Bojanek, Erin
Mosconi, Matthew W
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show multiple postural control deficits, including reduced postural stability during standing and reduced amplitude and frequency of anticipatory postural adjustments (APA) prior to planned movements. This study aims to identify mechanisms of postural control deficits in ASD during more challenging standing conditions including coordination of postural control processes used to support mediolateral (ML) and anteroposterior (AP) adjustments. We also examined APAs made during the initiation of walking to characterize predictive motor processes supporting postural control in ASD. Seventeen individuals with ASD were matched with 20 typically developing (TD) controls on age, gender ratio, nonverbal IQ, and body mass index (BMI). Participants completed three tests of postural control. During the first test, they stood with their feet shoulder width apart (neutral stance). During the second test, they stood with feet close together (Romberg one) in order to assess postural control during a more challenging standing condition in which the base of support is reduced. During the third test, participants stood with feet shoulder width apart and swayed their torso in a circle (circular sway). The standard deviation (SD) of their center of pressure (COP) in the ML and AP directions and the COP trajectory length were examined for each condition. We also assessed mutual information (MI), or the shared dependencies between COP in the ML and AP directions. Finally, individuals completed a step initiation task in which they took a step forward from one force platform to another. The APA amplitude and duration prior to stepping were measured, as were the maximum lateral sway during stepping, step distance, step velocity, and step duration. Individuals with ASD showed increased COP trajectory length relative to TD controls but no differences in COP SD during the standing tests. Compared to controls, participants with ASD showed greater levels of MI during static stance but reduced levels of MI during circular sway. During the step initiation task, groups did not differ on the amplitude or duration of APAs. During stepping, individuals with ASD showed reduced lateral sway, shorter step durations, and increased step velocity. Our finding that individuals with ASD show increased MI during circular sway suggests that they have a reduced ability to effectively coordinate distinct joint movements during dynamic postural adjustments. Our finding that individuals with ASD show reduced lateral sway when stepping suggests that motor rigidity may interfere with balance and gait in patients implicating basal ganglia circuits involved in guiding rapid or ballistic movements.
University of Kansas
2018-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/28065
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/28065/2/Bojanek_ku_0099M_16232_DATA_1.pdf.txt
92e6548ef51a31b864fbc9e80b2d27e1
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/28065/1/Bojanek_ku_0099M_16232_DATA_1.pdf
c94c20708288b21ba8cac77eb930e6ec
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Anticipatory Postural Adjustments
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Mutual Information
Postural Control
Step Initiation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/59842020-07-29T12:50:54Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Sexual-Enhancement Drug Use in College-Age Men
Wright, Eddie Jenia
Muehlenhard, Charlene L.
Viagra and other erectile-dysfunction (ED) medications are typically associated with older men. There is thus little research on their use in college-age men. The purpose of the present study was to explore the use of sexual-enhancement drugs (SEDs) in college men and to compare the men who had used SEDs to those who had not used them. Eighty-two male college students completed a questionnaire that included open-ended questions about their use of SEDs and items assessing their sexual history and motives for having sex. The majority of the 16 men who reported having used SEDs used Viagra, followed by herbal products and Ecstasy. Users of these substances reported having had more sex partners and endorsed enhancing pleasure as being a more important reason for having sex than did those who had not used them. Results suggest that the SED users are more sexually exploratory than the nonusers.
University of Kansas
2009-12-18
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5984
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5984/1/Wright_ku_0099M_10692_DATA_1.pdf
1c5bdfe61e95d93bb09398073dcfc630
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5984/2/Wright_ku_0099M_10692_DATA_1.pdf.txt
199109a723c8b3874a2e9abfb4baeb11
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Erectile dysfunction
Male sexuality
Sexual enhancement
Sildenafil
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/155162018-01-31T20:08:05Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Cognitive Processing of Facial Size and Valence in Depression and Obesity
Pan, Teresa Yeong-Yi
Atchley, Ruth Ann
Prior research suggests that obesity is a risk factor for developing depression, but not all obese individuals develop depression; so what are the common factors underlying comorbid obesity and depression that may serve as markers for depression risk? Previous studies have reported the effects of obesity and negative affect on the P300 (P3) component and Thought-Shape Fusion (TSF), but prior to the present study, there has been no exploration of cognitive processing differences or similarities in comorbid depression and obesity. This study investigated if attention bias differences exist between currently obese and depressed (Dep/O, n=16), currently obese and never depressed (ND/O, n=13), and healthy weight and never depressed (ND/HW, n=16) females when participants viewed oddball valenced target face pictures, and whether TSF scores can be used to determine correlation to depression risk. Results showed that the ND/O group processes weight status and valence of facial stimuli more similarly to the Dep/O group than as compared to the ND/ HW participants. In contrast, with the measure of an eating-related cognitive distortion, Thought-Shape Fusion, ND/O individuals were more similar to ND/HW. Results support obesity being a risk factor for depression and support the P3 component being an objective, unbiased marker for depression risk in obese individuals. TSF scores were found to have good sensitivity and excellent specificity for classifying depression in obese individuals, indicating this self-report measure may be useful in determining depression risk in currently obese individuals. This research may highlight some useful tools for clinicians that indicate presence of cognitive risk factors for development of depression in obese individuals.
University of Kansas
2014-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/15516
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/15516/2/Pan_ku_0099M_13334_DATA_1.pdf.txt
e233d8b4141e0fca8e819e3e5d5ab1fb
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/15516/1/Pan_ku_0099M_13334_DATA_1.pdf
bbc89e336f6948604a4140236fbd7267
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Cognitive psychology
Attention
Cognitive distortion
Comorbidity
Depression
Obesity
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/190332018-01-31T20:07:54Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Maternal Psychological Control, Use of Supportive Parenting, and Childhood Depressive Symptoms
Frazer, Andrew
Fite, Paula J
Given the developmental importance of the family system, research on child depressive symptoms often examines the impact of parenting practices as either sources of or buffers against depressive symptoms. The current study, operating from a stress-process framework, examined the interactive effects of supportive parenting practices (i.e., mothers' use of positive communication, positive parenting, and parental involvement) and maternal psychological control on mother- and child-reported child depressive symptoms in a community-recruited sample of 9-12 year-olds. Discrepancies between mother- and child-reports of depressive symptoms were also examined. Maternal psychological control was uniquely associated with child-, not mother-, reported depressive symptoms. Parental involvement was uniquely associated with mother-, not child-, reported depressive symptoms. Positive parent-child communication was associated with less child- and mother-reported child depressive symptoms at the bivariate level, but not when unique associations were examined. Positive parenting was unrelated to either report of depressive symptoms. No interaction effects were detected. Implications and future directions are discussed.
University of Kansas
2015-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19033
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/19033/1/Frazer_ku_0099M_13871_DATA_1.pdf
0b608be086e6b673ae5afab4aec6d27b
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/19033/3/Frazer_ku_0099M_13871_DATA_1.pdf.txt
271808d998fa1ecd137ae671e14e2ce8
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
depression
inconsistent parenting
parenting
stress-process
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/142042020-10-22T13:40:16Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Who Exercises and When? The Effects of Intra- and Inter-Individual Variation on the Likelihood and Duration of Exercise
Pressman, Mindy
Hamilton, Nancy A
The current study examined the ability of inter- and intra-individual characteristics to predict the likelihood and duration of exercise as well as mood. One hundred forty-nine undergraduates (mean age = 19.11; 53% women; 79.19% White) participated in a six-day study. Online surveys measured participants' self-reported exercise duration, emotion-regulation ability, hostility, depressive symptoms, sleep quality, anger, and mood. Higher depressive symptoms predicted higher odds of exercise. Higher hostility predicted lower odds of exercise but, on days when participants did exercise, higher duration of exercise. Higher anger predicted lower odds of exercise. Better sleep quality predicted higher positive and lower negative mood but only for older participants. Higher depressive symptoms predicted higher negative and lower positive mood. Results suggest an indirect relationship between hostility and heart disease may exist, via the relationship of hostility to exercise. Further research should investigate causality and the effectiveness of exercise interventions that foster exercise-conducive environments.
University of Kansas
2013-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/14204
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/14204/1/Pressman_ku_0099M_13138_DATA_1.pdf
9973c5c5ff39686c795771a5822a0c56
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/14204/2/Pressman_ku_0099M_13138_DATA_1.pdf.txt
98f83d2e6a114af08ff536514451467d
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Psychology
Exercise
Hostility
Sleep
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/117042020-10-01T14:57:59Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
On second thought: Low-effort thought promotes hierarchy values
Van Berkel, Laura Danielle
Crandall, Christian S.
Values are associated with political attitudes and political conservatism is promoted with low-effort thought. Does low-effort thought similarly promote the conservative value of hierarchy while reducing the value of equality? Values are conceptualized as stable, yet research suggests that values may be processed with automatic and controlled processes. I examined the automaticity of hierarchy values across four studies. In Study 1, bar patrons with higher blood alcohol levels rated hierarchy values as more important and egalitarian values as less important. In Study 2, participants asked to evaluate values superficially rated hierarchy values as more important and egalitarian values as less important than those asked to deliberate carefully. Study 3 sought to replicate Study 2 adjusting for the influence of affect. Participants asked to evaluate values superficially rated hierarchy values as more important but did not shift in equality values. Study 4 used ego depletion to manipulate cognitive effort while assessing values. Participants' value ratings under ego depletion did not significantly differ from those in the control group. Results of three studies suggest that low-effort thought processing may encourage support for hierarchical values at the expense of egalitarian values.
University of Kansas
2013-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11704
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11704/2/VanBerkel_ku_0099M_12778_DATA_1.pdf.txt
a99adb166633ce9ae0555249b667859a
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11704/1/VanBerkel_ku_0099M_12778_DATA_1.pdf
dee73e9ca2b8113bbb21a5d41d340af5
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
Hierarchy
Low-effort thought
Values
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/59992020-07-29T14:26:37Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Associations Among Peer Victimization, Social Anxiety and Children's Self-Reported Physical Activity
Sampilo, Marilyn L.
Steele, Ric G.
Psychosocial difficulties, including peer victimization and anxiety, have been found to influence physical activity engagement among school-aged children. Understanding the mechanisms through which these factors may exert their influence is important to the design and implementation of health promotion programs and prevention programs for pediatric obesity. In this study, a community sample of 74 4th - 6th grade students completed measures of peer victimization, weight-related criticism, social anxiety, and physical activity. Indirect effects were found such that peer victimization and weight-related criticism were associated with social anxiety which, in turn, was associated with decreased participation in high intensity physical activity. Social anxiety as a mediator in these relationships was not supported. These findings underscore the importance of identifying potential barriers to participation in physical activity and highlight potential pathways through which these barriers operate.
University of Kansas
2009-12-18
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5999
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5999/2/Sampilo_ku_0099M_10693_DATA_1.pdf.txt
543206e340820e0904489f67a6f7bc96
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5999/1/Sampilo_ku_0099M_10693_DATA_1.pdf
9e4bb50bbf2c4f4f589f316dbcaf7413
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Peer victimization
Physical activity
Social anxiety
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/245422017-12-08T21:43:44Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A study of cerebral action currents under sound stimulation
Perkins, Francis Theodore
University of Kansas
1931
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24542
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24542/1/perkins_1931_3427422.pdf
0f16007de806ac1ab46e970e17e4d90c
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24542/2/perkins_1931_3427422.pdf.txt
a9e59299c60161b6cdce703a3a4e61d5
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/129442020-10-20T13:18:02Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The Effect of Varying Levels of Depressive Symptoms on Mindfulness Acquisition: An Exploratory Study
Scheller, Valerie K
Ilardi, Stephen S.
Research and clinical theory increasingly suggest that mindfulness may be an effective clinical intervention for a myriad of mental illnesses. However, there is debate in the field as to whether or not mindfulness-based programs may be beneficial for treatment of active depression. Those cautioning against the use of mindfulness-based programs suggest that the cognitive demands of a meditation practice may be too difficult for those with acute depressive symptoms. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether differences exist between individuals with varying levels of depressive symptoms in the ability to acquire mindfulness skills. Data comes from a two-week, longitudinal study in which undergraduates, with a range of depressive symptoms, engaged in a breath-focused mindfulness exercise every other day. Self-reported trait mindfulness, state mindfulness, depressive symptoms, rumination, and sleep quality were measured at various time points over the two-week study period. Multilevel modeling was used for main analyses. Results suggest individuals with more acute, depressive symptoms may be able to successfully acquire trait mindfulness skills, as well as receive an adjunctive benefit such as a reduction in depressive symptoms over time, and reduced rumination and increased sleep quality. Limitations and future directions are addressed.
University of Kansas
2013-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12944
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/12944/2/Scheller_ku_0099M_13035_DATA_1.pdf.txt
c8fb7621b6e9434c07640eb6795deb03
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/12944/1/Scheller_ku_0099M_13035_DATA_1.pdf
c24fc8141accf275e8fb67c60e4978e0
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Breath induction
Depression
Depressive symptoms
Mindfulness
Skill acquisition
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/41272020-07-20T14:16:15Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
From Baby Babble to Childhood Chatter: Predicting Infant and Toddler Communication Outcomes Using Longitudinal Modeling
McConnell, Elizabeth K.
Little, Todd D.
The importance of early communication development for later literacy, school achievement, and social interaction cannot be understated, according to a large body of literature. There is a consensus in the field of childhood communication that intervention could be applied earlier to prevent developmental delays from becoming disabilities. The Early Communication Indicator (ECI) measures Gestures, Vocalizations, Single Word Utterances and Multiple Word Utterances in infants and toddlers. Important information to be gained from the ECI is how key skills may predict themselves of other skills at later measurements on the ECI, which would give information to when would be the best window of intervention for children. Kansas Early Head Start programs administered the ECI quarterly to 4445 non-disabled children as part of an accountability program. Multiple imputation procedures were done on the data to recover key information. Longitudinal structural equation modeling lends itself well to this type of developmental data. Univariate panel models were applied to each of the key skills, a multivariate panel model was applied to all of the key skills integrated into a complete model, and a growth curve was used to model the growth in Total Communication (composite ECI score). Key skills predicted significantly to themselves at subsequent time points in the univariate panel model, and to themselves and others in the multivariate panel model. Total communication growth between the ages of 6 and 15 months was a significant predictor of status at 42 months. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
University of Kansas
2008-07-31
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4127
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4127/1/umi-ku-2565_1.pdf
6febf01bf4fe8f0d825ab58e02c2733c
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4127/2/umi-ku-2565_1.pdf.txt
cce9db30f8414b386e1460993156fd41
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Psychology
Developmental psychology
Psychometrics
Longitudinal
Infants
Toddler
Communication
Sem
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/122542020-10-09T14:09:57Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Income Inequality and Prejudice in the US
Drus, Marina
Crandall, Christian S.
How does income inequality impact intergroup relations in the US? I used a multilevel modeling approach to test the effects of income inequality on attitudes toward US minority groups from the American Election Studies, from 1970-2008. Rising income inequality as measured by Gini predicted prejudice towards African Americans by White Americans across states and time. Rising income inequality did not predict prejudice towards other racial groups, and neither did it predict prejudice among mixed-race Americans towards non-racial low-status groups (homosexuals and illegal immigrants). The results are discussed in the context of group position theory (Blumer, 1958) and the Black exceptionalism hypothesis (Sears & Savalei, 2006). Whites' attitudes towards Blacks are deeply embedded into American political and socio-economic structure; they shift with changes that income inequality brings into the structure.
University of Kansas
2013-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12254
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/12254/1/Drus_ku_0099M_12923_DATA_1.pdf
a6fc07cb3eb37159b775d7b9abccdc90
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/12254/2/Drus_ku_0099M_12923_DATA_1.pdf.txt
9ce3086e97cb6492fb217778aaa4ae48
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/54392020-07-24T14:43:54Zcom_1808_84com_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_8658col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The Associations Between Social Support, Economic Strain, and Parenting Stress Among At-Risk Families
Wilson, Mary Horn
Roberts, Michael C.
This study tested the hypothesis that social support mediates the relation between economic strain and parenting stress using a sample of parents and caregivers (N = 151) of adolescents (ages 11-14) attending a six-week summer camp for at-risk youth. Economic strain (i.e., the perception of financial hardship) was significantly associated with greater parenting stress (i.e., stress specifically associated with parenting and the parental role). Economic strain was significantly associated with less social support. Social support was not significantly associated with parenting stress when controlling for economic strain and social support did not mediate the relation between economic strain and parenting stress levels. These findings suggest that parenting stress is strongly affected by the perception of financial hardship and that social support does not ameliorate the parenting stress associated with financial hardship.
University of Kansas
2009-04-28
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5439
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5439/1/Wilson_ku_0099M_10261_DATA_1.pdf
2fea4ce05c89cd26ef852b95298ee3eb
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5439/2/Wilson_ku_0099M_10261_DATA_1.pdf.txt
6d15543f9ba226e4759c0b3f126fe285
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Adolescents
Economic strain
Parenting stress
Parents
Social support
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/106802018-01-31T20:08:10Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Dynamic Relations Within and Between Early Communication Proficiencies and Key Skill Elements' Growth Trajectories of Infants and Toddlers
Anderson, Rawni Ann
Little, Todd D.
Preliteracy experiences inform language learning outcomes in early childhood, of which proficiency in expressive communication is requisite to children’s cognitive and social development. Identification of communication and language delays must be made as early as possible to inform appropriate intervention services targeting prevention of childhood disabilities. The Early Communication Indicator (ECI)—designed to monitor individual progress through brief repeated measurement of early expressive communication—is one of a growing class of general outcome measures emerging in early education and early childhood special education. Comparable to K–12 curriculum–based measures, the ECI is a resource for accountability as well as response to intervention (RTI) efforts. Current implementation applies differential scaling of four key skill elements into a total communication indicator sensitive to increasing proficiency over time. The literature describing observed developmental trajectories of the constituent key skill elements of the total communication indicator provides theoretical and empirical bases for establishing their utility for earlier identification of language delays among infants and toddlers and informing sensitive ages for targeted intervention. The present study applied latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) in order to examine predictive relations within and between ECI key skill elements’ proficiencies and growth, extending previous research limited to the study of early expressive communication development measured by the total communication indicator. Findings support the hypothesis that dynamic relations exist within and between ECI proficiencies and key skill elements’ growth trajectories that may inform benchmarks and decision making related to early intervention in the development of symbolic communication and language. Future directions are discussed.
University of Kansas
2012-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/10680
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10680/1/Anderson_ku_0099M_12018_DATA_1.pdf
a0a59d4b051ab934e978a04583d59068
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10680/2/Anderson_ku_0099M_12018_DATA_1.pdf.txt
d19247564f0ba5ce4acc1c0608a86ff3
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
Early childhood education
Expressive communication
Latent growth curve modeling
Piecewise spline modeling
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/55032020-07-24T15:15:35Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
PERCEPTION OF RACISM IN AMBIGUOUS EVENTS: A CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY ANALYSIS
Salter, Phia Shante
Adams, Glenn
Previous research indicates that Black Americans are more likely than White Americans to think that racism still plays a role in current events. Mainstream accounts often explain these differences as the product of something about Black Americans that leads them to over-perceive racism. This paper applies a cultural psychology analysis to this phenomenon and suggests a more neutral account of the differences. This study examined whether engagement with history knowledge and various identity constructions (national and racial identity) were related to racism perceptions among White (n = 85) and Black (n = 65) undergraduates. As hypothesized, the present research replicated group differences in perception and found a positive relationship between historical knowledge and perceptions of racism in Hurricane Katrina-related events. The present research suggests that there are representations of American history that reconcile these racial differences in perception and allows all Americans, regardless of their identity, to find common ground.
University of Kansas
2008-08-28
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5503
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5503/1/Salter_ku_0099M_10063_DATA_1.pdf
497aa2f650af3a63f71dec832841ed50
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5503/2/Salter_ku_0099M_10063_DATA_1.pdf.txt
2e9c54040864a8b58e6267dd3706d617
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/45612020-07-23T12:11:58Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
DO STRATEGIC PRIMING PROCESSES DIFFER FOR CATEGORY VS. ASSOCIATIVE PRIMING? AN EVENT-RELATED POTENTIALS STUDY OF PROACTIVE EXPECTANCY STRATEGIES.
Gibson, Linzi Marie
Atchley, Ruth Ann
An extension of Becker's 1980 semantic priming study challenges the Verification Model by proposing that there are two different priming processes, one at a perceptual level and one at a semantic level. Participants performed a lexical decision task with a category-dominant or associative-dominant list while ERPs were recorded. We predicted that the associative effects would be mediated by facilitation and would influence the N170 and that the categorical effects would be indexed by the N300 for inhibitory effects and the N400 for facilitatory effects. Inhibition was not seen for unrelated targets in the categorical condition. The fillers in the categorical condition produced an inhibition effect but not a N300 effect. The N170 effect was not significant. An N400 effect was observed only for the associative list. It is suggested that this finding is consistent with a previously proposed (Franklin, et al., 2007) post-lexical semantic expectancy updating account for the N400.
University of Kansas
2008-01-01
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4561
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4561/1/Gibson_ku_0099M_10084_DATA_1.pdf
e0a4d1cbd85a0fac03db83e6367f56eb
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4561/2/Gibson_ku_0099M_10084_DATA_1.pdf.txt
e57e6ee6f6fb23294a4810429faa4429
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Cognitive psychology
Erp
Expectancy
Priming
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/226962020-06-23T20:51:49Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The effects of auditory stimulation on visual brightness
Weber, Alden Orison
University of Kansas
1932
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22696
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/22696/1/weber_1932_3425411.pdf
2561d616b1ea1d37139f8a2054f07ddc
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/22696/2/weber_1932_3425411.pdf.txt
74b74d9690d8e87194b239655d4bd745
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/219162018-12-21T22:11:43Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Justifying Another’s Suppressed Prejudice: Racist Speech and Freedom of Expression
White, Mark H., II
Crandall, Christian S.
Anti-Black prejudice is generally socially unacceptable to express, and people meet harsh punishments for expressing it. A common theme in the news and on social media in response to these punishments is that they violate the expresser’s right to freedom of speech. Seven studies investigate my hypothesis that freedom of speech can be used as a justification for another’s suppressed prejudice. Study 1 examines the relationship between anti-Black prejudice and freedom of speech relevance in the context of a current event where students were punished for racist speech, while Study 2 experimentally demonstrates that this relationship only holds when the speech is anti-Black. Theories of prejudice suppression and justification have only addressed why people justify their own prejudice. Studies 3 – 7 test motivational, cognitive, and affective explanations for why people would justify another’s prejudice. I find evidence that subjective standards about what constitutes offensive speech (Study 6) and felt anger toward the suppressor (Study 7) explain this phenomenon, but no evidence that the justification is driven by a threat to the justifier’s self-integrity (Studies 3 – 5).
University of Kansas
2016-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/21916
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/21916/2/WhiteII_ku_0099M_14494_DATA_1.pdf.txt
813247534f6d23f8349accf5030dd64a
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/21916/1/WhiteII_ku_0099M_14494_DATA_1.pdf
60314dd43b73d7c65aacd3a5f6480cd5
Copyright held by the author.
Social psychology
Prejudice
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/279342020-10-12T14:13:43Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Adherence to Self-Monitoring Predicts Weight Loss and Weight Regain in Rural Breast Cancer Survivors
Punt, Stephanie
Befort, Christie A
Background: Pre-packaged food is a common and successful dietary approach used in commercial, medically supervised, and some academic weight loss programs. Prepackaged food enhances weight loss results and minimizes weight regain, however the role of self-monitoring has not been investigated. Predictors of self-monitoring adherence have also not been addressed. Objective: To examine the role of self-monitoring consistency in weight loss and weight loss maintenance in which prepackaged entrees, meal replacement shakes, servings of fruits and vegetables, unplanned snacks and meals out were tracked ≥5 days/week. Depressive symptoms as a predictor of self-monitoring adherence were explored. Methods: 210 Breast cancer survivors (BMI=27 to 45kg/m2) living in the rural Midwest enrolled in an intervention with two phases: non-randomized 6-month weight loss followed by 12-month weight maintenance where participants were randomized to either continued bi-weekly conference calls or bi-weekly newsletters. Final analyzed sample included 191 participants. Results: Higher weekly self-monitoring consistency was associated with higher weight loss at 6 months, F(2, 189) =29.87, p<0.001, R2=0.13. Higher levels of self-monitoring predicted lower weight regain at 18 month, β4 = 0.10, t(254.9) = 3.012 p = 0.0029. Depression severity measured at baseline significantly predicted average self-monitoring consistency across the first 6 months, F(1,189) = 5.91, p<0.02; R2=0.025. Depressive symptom severity at 6 months predicted average self-monitoring consistency across months 6 to 18, F(1,166) = 9.95, p=0.002, R2=0.051. Conclusion: Weight management relies on self-regulation strategies promoted by self-monitoring and food environment. These strategies may help individuals continue positive behavior changes long term. Mood may need to be addressed as a barrier to self-monitoring.
University of Kansas
2018-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27934
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27934/2/Punt_ku_0099M_15907_DATA_1.pdf.txt
885baef460ca04e1649893eaf2322a3e
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27934/1/Punt_ku_0099M_15907_DATA_1.pdf
63fbbfc96591900c845614f8c18c7bd3
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
diet
obesity
self-monitoring
weight loss
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/53342020-07-24T14:29:48Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID SUPPLEMENTATION AND SLEEP
Prohaska, Jennifer A.
Ilardi, Stephen S.
Previous research has found omega-3 fatty acid supplementation advantageous in reducing depressive symptoms. One of the central diagnostic symptoms of depression is sleep disturbance. Accordingly, this study was designed to examine the effects of omega-3 fatty acid on self-reported insomnia. It was hypothesized that participants assigned to supplement their diet with omega-3 fatty acid would have improvements in sleep efficiency, sleep onset latency, sleep fragmentation and actual sleep time. Supplementary hypotheses examined were that omega-3 fatty acid might improve cognitive ability and sub-syndromal depressive symptoms. Participants were 27 undergraduate students reporting a variety of sleep difficulties as assessed by self report of insomnia symptoms. Participants were randomly assigned either to a treatment condition, with a daily supplement of 1500 mg omega-3 fatty acid and 30 IU of vitamin E, or a control group that received 30 IU daily of vitamin E. Sleep was monitored over a 28 day period, the last 21 days of which participants were instructed to take the assigned supplements. Participants were measured on objective (Actigraph) and subjective self-report measures of sleep for seven days prior to the intervention, and during the last seven days of the intervention. They also completed a self-report screen for depressive symptoms and several cognitive tasks immediately prior to and following the intervention. A 2x2 mixed factoral analysis of variance was performed on all outcome variables. The treatment group did not improve significantly more than the control group on any measures of sleep, or mood. One cognitive measure of processing speed did significantly improve for the treatment condition. These findings are discussed in light of study limitations and the existing literature, and recommendations made for additional research focused on the possibility of sleep improvements with omega-3 supplementation in a clinically depressed population.
University of Kansas
2008-10-24
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5334
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5334/1/Prohaska_ku_0099M_10149_DATA_1.pdf
813421e7696639e471f54b1941231766
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5334/2/Prohaska_ku_0099M_10149_DATA_1.pdf.txt
11e1b95cddeb3ba2949861a6fb0dcdbe
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Actigraphy
Insomnia
Omega-3 fatty acid
Sleep
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/157782018-11-01T17:35:23Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The Effect of Cognitive Anchoring on Exposure to Blood-Injection-Injury Stimuli
Williams, Alexander
Hamilton, Nancy
Rapoff, Michael
Blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia is associated with avoidance of needed medical treatment. Exposure therapy lessens distress related to viewing BII stimuli. However, service users with BII phobia are often reluctant to engage in exposures. This study assessed whether the cognitive heuristic of anchoring could encourage completion of and lessen the distress associated with exposures to BII stimuli. 141 college students were randomly assigned an anchoring point that was intended to make them either more or less distressed during and before their exposure to BII stimuli. No significant differences in outcomes between groups were detected. Though the study was underpowered, its results do not suggest promise for anchoring as a therapeutic tool.
University of Kansas
2013-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/15778
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/15778/2/Williams_ku_0099M_13241_DATA_1.pdf.txt
ffef90f35e1cc8f6e7d92592511f46dc
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/15778/1/Williams_ku_0099M_13241_DATA_1.pdf
fcac8058a950b0fb3896a0be51b2537d
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Psychology
Blood-injection-injury phobia
Cognitive anchoring
Exposure therapy
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/69712018-01-31T20:08:09Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Competitive Victimhood in Response to Accusations of Ingroup Harmdoing
Sullivan, Daniel Luc
Landau, Mark J.
Individuals are motivated to maintain a positive moral evaluation of social groups to which they belong. Accusations of unjust harmdoing on the part of the ingroup threaten the group's moral identity. One strategy for restoring ingroup moral identity after such a threat is competitive victimhood: claiming the ingroup has suffered as much or more than the harmed outgroup and other relevant groups. Two studies tested this process. In Study 1, male participants were more likely to claim that men are discriminated against compared to women after their group was accused of harming women. In Study 2, undergraduates were more likely to claim that their group is discriminated against compared to other campus groups after undergraduates were accused of harming university staff. Competitive victimhood did not occur when outgroup victimization was framed as the fault of the outgroup itself (Study 1) or a group other than the ingroup (Study 2).
University of Kansas
2010-06-03
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6971
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6971/2/Sullivan_ku_0099M_10977_DATA_1.pdf.txt
d6d5451c2e19b5e16612a0834400abd9
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6971/1/Sullivan_ku_0099M_10977_DATA_1.pdf
8fd1331987414245f2ee81bd100d7881
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
Collective victimhood
Competitive victimhood
Intergroup relations
Social identity theory
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/185712017-12-08T21:34:34Zcom_1808_1260com_1808_89col_1808_7158col_1808_14037
The reliability of the problem box as a method for measuring the learning ability of the rat
Heron, William Thomas
University of Kansas
1921
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/18571
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/18571/1/heron_1921_3424529.pdf
8fd894f2438a90cd0463aa2a2d20a0f0
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/18571/3/heron_1921_3424529.pdf.txt
48f284de0df61a742b20db5fffe2c0ca
This work is in the public domain according to U.S. copyright law and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/64452020-08-03T16:17:38Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Evaluating Three Methods of Assessing Adherence to an Inhaled Corticosteroid Regimen for Pediatric Asthma
Lootens, Catrina Chula
Rapoff, Michael A.
The effects of nonadherence to treatment regimens for pediatric chronic illnesses are significant. There are several characteristics of asthma therapy that make non-adherence likely. Accurate assessment of adherence is crucial, but difficult. The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between three methods of assessing adherence to inhaled corticosteroid treatment for pediatric asthma. This study utilized the baseline data from a randomized controlled trial for improving adherence (Kamps et al., 2008). Participants included 22 males and 25 females with asthma (72% Caucasian, mean age = 10.34 years). Adherence measures included parent and child self-report questionnaires, parent and child 24-hour recall interviews, and electronic monitors (EM). Mean adherence according to EM for this sample (67.21%) was significantly greater than 50%, the typical level for adherence to regimens for chronic pediatric diseases (Rapoff, 2010). Thus, this study provides information about moderate (as opposed to severe) difficulties with nonadherence. Results suggested that self-report methods inflate adherence compared to EM. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were assessed for each method. The self-report methods did not demonstrate sufficient psychometric properties to justify their use as stand-alone measures of adherence. Agreement between parent and child reports was high, but not redundant. These findings call for further research investigating ways that methods of assessment may be effectively combined for an accurate measurement of adherence.
University of Kansas
2009-04-23
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6445
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6445/2/Lootens_ku_0099M_10820_DATA_1.pdf.txt
ba2e1a1b9b8cba4ed6b6f03a826506a7
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6445/1/Lootens_ku_0099M_10820_DATA_1.pdf
16261afb5ef91a75084d4be510058651
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Adherence
Asthma
Electronic monitor
Pediatrics
Recall method
Self-report
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/60092020-07-29T14:39:52Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Effects of Sadness and Hostility on Depressive Attentional Allocation Processes
Gaddy, Melinda Ann
Ingram, Rick E
A large proportion of individuals with unipolar depression experience predominantly hostile as opposed to sad mood. The consideration of hostile mood states has been virtually ignored, however, in depression research. To gain a better understanding of these processes, the current study explored the impact of hostility and sadness on attentional allocation patterns in dysphoria. Individuals exhibiting dysphoria completed questionnaires as well as a computer task during which they rated themselves and others with respect to trait adjectives. Attention was measured using pupillary response, reaction time, and recall of adjectives. Structural equation modeling was used for analyses, and results indicated that hostility and sadness seem to differentially impact attentional processes in dysphoria.
University of Kansas
2009-12-15
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6009
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6009/1/Gaddy_ku_0099M_10657_DATA_1.pdf
94b50b78846210d57c2356e8079cbdbe
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6009/2/Gaddy_ku_0099M_10657_DATA_1.pdf.txt
12985f9a1e04fdf6f06ea75688e96982
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Cognitive psychology
Physiological psychology
Attention
Depression
Dysphoria
Hostility
Sadness
Structural equation modeling
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/87872020-08-31T15:06:29Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
What Were They Thinking? College Men's Thoughts That Facilitate Sexual Coercion
Kanga, Michelle
Muehlenhard, Charlene L.
Researchers have recognized the need to increase understanding of sexually coercive college men. The current exploratory study examines sexually coercive men's written descriptions of their experience in situations when they wanted to have sex with a woman and she did not agree to it. We compared each man's descriptions of a situation involving coercion to their description of a situation in which they used less coercion, by comparison. 57 male undergraduates at a large Midwestern University participated in a self-report open-ended questionnaire. Results indicated that differences between situations existed on a variety of situational and cognitive factors. Differences suggest that men believe that their desire to obtain sexual pleasure motivated them to engage in sexual coercion.
University of Kansas
2010-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/8787
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8787/1/Kanga_ku_0099M_11234_DATA_1.pdf
88d2606a3cd7e4ee0d07c0f8b2822b77
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8787/2/Kanga_ku_0099M_11234_DATA_1.pdf.txt
dff23501e930a76d6e60af35bbd0258f
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/59902020-07-29T12:45:48Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Parent Social Engagement: Associations with early adolescents' social skills and social anxiety
McFadden, Megan
Vernberg, Eric M
Frequency of parent social engagement (PSE) was examined as a predictor of early adolescents' friendship-specific social skills (FSSS). The author hypothesized a stronger relation between PSE and FSSS would exist for more (compared to less) socially anxious early adolescents and a similar relation would be evident for female (compared to male) early adolescents. Data were collected from early adolescents, a parent, and a close friend. Results indicated an inverse relation between non-familial PSE and adolescents' FSSS. In addition, results showed an inverse relation between PSE and FSSS depending on adolescents' level of social anxiety. More socially anxious adolescents whose parents frequently engaged in social activities with extended family members demonstrated better FSSS than those whose parents engaged in familial social activities less often. The opposite relation was reported for less socially anxious adolescents. Implications for findings include techniques improving friendship-specific social skills of early adolescents with varying social anxiety levels.
University of Kansas
2009-12-18
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5990
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5990/2/McFadden_ku_0099M_10694_DATA_1.pdf.txt
4bce3f3b856f478f8180853edad96e62
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5990/1/McFadden_ku_0099M_10694_DATA_1.pdf
ddb77bd63ce7210f653ac8361568e085
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Psychology
Adolescence
Parent sociability
Parent social engagement
Social anxiety
Social skills
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/269942018-10-25T20:20:03Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Teacher- and Self-Reported Peer Victimization of African-American and Hispanic/Latino Children: Using Victimization Identification Groupings to Examine Psychological Adjustment
Diaz, Kathleen Irmina
Vernberg, Eric M
Although teachers may accurately identify some victimized children, prior research suggests teacher-report of PV may not be consistent with self-report of PV, with research indicating African-American (AA) youth underreport PV while Hispanic/Latino (H/L) youth over-report PV. Focusing on the implications of over-identification and under-identification of self- and teacher-reported PV, the current study compares selected indicators of psychological adjustment, such as feelings of belongingness at school, affect, and aggression, for 193 AA and 150 H/L children in the 5th grade who are self- and/or teacher-identified as victims and non-victims. Results indicated that self-reported victims perceived their school climate less positively and reported more negative affect than those victims identified by teachers. H/L youth who self-reported PV also endorsed beliefs that being aggressive pays off more strongly compared to non-victims and teacher-reported victims. Results provide crucial information regarding reports of PV and children’s behaviors that may inform efforts to intervene in PV.
University of Kansas
2017-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26994
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/26994/1/Diaz_ku_0099M_15663_DATA_1.pdf
415a17dc1271e79201927a0851c7d99a
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/26994/2/Diaz_ku_0099M_15663_DATA_1.pdf.txt
d37a37f50bd02f4e53d1fdfc8cdfe507
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Ethnic minorities
Peer victimization
Psychological adjustment
self-report
teacher-report
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/147832017-12-08T21:46:53Zcom_1808_1260com_1808_89col_1808_7158col_1808_14037
Some Recent Theories of Attention in American Psychology
Babb, Alvin Leroy
University of Kansas
1914-01-01
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/14783
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/14783/3/Babb_Some_Recent_Theories_of_Attention_in_American_Psychology.pdf.txt
03663b48ddd96baa1a2e71d1083820ec
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/14783/2/license.txt
c51a2a8181b7df93e55a9d6314ced7e1
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/14783/1/Babb_Some_Recent_Theories_of_Attention_in_American_Psychology.pdf
f78922d94e5a3dcca0560312b5a01929
This work is in the public domain according to U.S. copyright law and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/209232018-01-31T20:07:52Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Personality Traits and Subjective Memory Complaints: Does Executive Function Have an Explanatory Role?
Liebmann, Edward
Johnson, David
Subjective memory complaints (SMC) are common among healthy older adults and are associated with negative affect, the Big Five Personality traits, and objective memory decline. Research from geriatric psychiatry, cognitive aging, and personality neuroscience converge on age-related changes in executive function as a third variable that explains the relationship among the same constructs. The present study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to test whether executive functioning explains the relationship between SMC and the Big Five. A multiple regression model found that the Big Five were not significant predictors of SMC while controlling for executive function (EF). The single criterion EF model found that executive completely accounted for the shared variance between retrospective memory complaints (RMC) and prospective memory complaints (PMC) and each of the Big Five Factors. Lastly, mediation analyses of the effect of executive function on the relationship between each of the Big Five factors and RMC and PMC found that executive function fully mediated the relationship of all of the Big Five and RMC except for openness. Taken together, the models suggest that executive function has a common causal relationship between the Big Five and SMC. The paper concludes with a discussion of methodological topics including multicollinearity and monomethod covariance inflation that threaten the validity of the current study’s findings.
University of Kansas
2015-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20923
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20923/2/Liebmann_ku_0099M_14327_DATA_1.pdf.txt
ab4519a0ff0e511ead30c69486db3549
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20923/4/20923.pdf
e5f70af367ad6debe2300d897f4e8371
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20923/1/Liebmann_ku_0099M_14327_DATA_1.pdf
abc79e1a745d3ed88c57e92b286a9edc
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Aging
Cognitive complaints
Executive function
Memory complaints
Negative Affect
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/231672020-06-23T18:35:05Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A study in the recall of perceived relations
Warden, Cree Hamilton
University of Kansas
1931
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23167
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23167/1/warden_1931_3426838.pdf
5cd3aefe6f93f352e566776bdc3f07ec
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23167/2/warden_1931_3426838.pdf.txt
707dcf18893098dae603ddd6cb4bb529
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/45462020-07-23T13:00:55Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Can a Long Term Perceptual Hypothesis Affect Visual Perception?
Marshall, David
Atchley, Paul
Visual masking is a psychophysical method commonly used to study visual information processing. Visual masking can be used to study the time course of visual information processing, but one of the limitations of this method is its inability to separate perceptual level processing from decision level processing. This study demonstrates that perceptual level processing can be separated from decision level processing by using a series of alternative forced choice visual masking tasks. Priming of perceptual level information is demonstrated. This priming can not be explained by existing feed forward visual information processing theories, but can be explained by the objects substitution model (Di Lollo et. al., 2000).
University of Kansas
2008-01-01
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4546
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4546/1/Marshall_ku_0099M_10021_DATA_1.pdf
64a90d680af61a23ec433012114451ba
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4546/2/Marshall_ku_0099M_10021_DATA_1.pdf.txt
a9aca2e23ea772302325c0f31f4fc968
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Cognitive psychology
Attention
Masking
Priming
Vision
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/81452020-08-17T13:49:32Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Attachment to Objects as a Compensatory Strategy
Keefer, Lucas Allen
Landau, Mark J.
Attachment theory has long considered the ways in which our close relationships serve as a source of security. Psychologists have recently begun to recognize that people also derive similar feelings of security from other sources. This paper builds on this work by showing that people turn to material objects as a source of security, specifically when threatened with reminders that close others are unreliable. In two studies, we find strong empirical support for this prediction, suggesting that reminders of the unreliability of close others leads people to report greater attachment to objects (Study 1) and that this effect is mediated specifically by an increase in attachment anxiety, or concern that close others will not be sufficient to meet one's security needs (Study 2).
University of Kansas
2011-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/8145
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8145/1/Keefer_ku_0099M_11562_DATA_1.pdf
e044ebf4a5edd2426761c6c00874ec14
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8145/2/Keefer_ku_0099M_11562_DATA_1.pdf.txt
19f32114e965b636d08fa851b37bca9d
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
Psychology
Attachment
Existential psychology
Motivation
Transitional objects
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/39522018-01-31T20:08:15Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Reaction time and pupillary dilation measures of emotional information processing in dysphoria
Bistricky, Steven L.
Ingram, Rick E.
Subclinical depressive syndromes such as dysphoria represent increased risk for developing depression and can lead to deleterious mental and physical health outcomes similar to those associated with major depression. Thus, investigating relationships between cognitive processing and dysphoria is important. Studies utilizing sustained pupil dilation as a psychophysiological index of information processing have suggested that depressed individuals process emotional and perhaps specifically negative information for longer than nondepressed individuals. In the current study, 29 dysphoric and 33 nondysphoric individuals completed an emotional information processing task, and pupil dilation and reaction time (RT) data were compared to investigate whether depressotypic phenomena might be detectable prior to the development of depression. The hypothesized dysphoria status by stimulus valence interaction was unsupported. Unexpectedly, gender interacted with dysphoria status to account for variance in pupil dilation and RT. In males, dysphoria had a facilitative effect on early processing of emotional information and appeared to reduce late processing associated with positive stimuli. However in women, dysphoria briefly interfered with the typical female advantage for emotional information processing and increased sustained processing following negative stimuli. Thus, increased risk for depression may be expressed via non-identical cognitive mechanisms in dysphoric men and women. Results suggest that behavioral and physiological investigations intending to elucidate relationships between emotional information processing and vulnerability to depression should not fail to explore gender as a potentially important interacting variable.
University of Kansas
2008-03-28
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/3952
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3952/1/umi-ku-2395_1.pdf
f814175ca3d149b8412ec7827643b73d
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3952/2/umi-ku-2395_1.pdf.txt
7b101e73f75cd804699d4a0294401073
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Dysphoria
Pupillometry
Reaction time
Gender
Cognitive vulnerability
Emotional information processing
Depression
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/186792018-01-31T20:07:54Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Academic Aspirations as a Moderator of the link between Negative Life Events and Delinquency in a Sample of Latino Youth
DiPierro, Moneika
Fite, Paula J
Latino youth are one of the fastest growing populations in the United States (Passel, 2011), and Latino youth are at a disproportionately higher risk for experiencing negative life events (NLEs). However, there are few studies examining risk and protective factors for the potentially negative outcomes that Latino youth who experience high levels of NLEs may face. This study examined the effect of NLEs on self-reported delinquency in a sample of Latino youth and evaluated academic aspirations as a moderator of these associations. It was hypothesized that the association between NLEs and delinquency would be buffered by high levels of academic aspirations. 144 Latino adolescents (N = 78 Males, M = 16.25 years, SD = 1.46; range = 14 - 19 years) attending a charter high school in a large, Midwestern city completed a survey that included NLEs, self-reported delinquency and academic aspiration measures. Findings supported a link between NLEs and delinquency. Further, academic aspirations moderated the associations between NLEs related to safety and health and delinquency. For safety-related NLEs, the highest levels of delinquency occurred when academic aspirations were low and safety-related NLEs were high. For health-related NLEs, at low levels of academic aspirations, delinquent behaviors were consistently high. Further, the lowest levels of delinquency occurred when academic aspirations were high and health-related NLEs were low. Results have important implications for targeting Latino students who report high levels of NLEs for the prevention of delinquent behaviors. Encouraging academic goals may be an effective strategy for deterring delinquent behavior among those who experience NLEs. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
University of Kansas
2014-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/18679
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/18679/1/DiPierro_ku_0099M_13747_DATA_1.pdf
3f177ca77ad847ee69c7fc8e6ec88095
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/18679/3/DiPierro_ku_0099M_13747_DATA_1.pdf.txt
8dcd3be95986ce6d7726a51f1b8fafe2
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
academics
delinquency
goals
Latino
Negative Life Events
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/313772021-03-05T16:54:48Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Developing Empirical Decision Points to Improve the Timing of Adaptive mHealth Physical Activity Interventions in Youth
Ortega, Adrian
Cushing, Christopher C
Current digital health interventions primarily utilize interventionist-defined rules to guide the timing of intervention delivery. As new temporally dense datasets become available, it is possible to make decisions about intervention delivery and timing empirically. The purpose of this study was to explore the timing of physical activity in youth to inform decision points (e.g., timing of support) for future digital physical activity interventions. This study was comprised of 113 adolescents between the ages of 13-18 (M = 14.64, SD = 1.48) who wore an accelerometer for 20 days. Using a special case of logistic regression, multilevel survival analyses were used to estimate the most likely time of day (via odds ratios and hazard probabilities) when adolescents accumulated their average physical activity. Additionally, odds ratios for the interacting effects of physical activity timing and moderating variables were calculated by entering predictors, such as gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), sports participation, school day, self-efficacy, social support for exercise, and motivation, into the model as main effects and tested for interactions with time of day to determine conditional main effects of these predictors. On average, the likelihood that a participant would accumulate their own average MVPA increased and peaked between the hours of 6pm-8pm before decreasing sharply after 9pm. There were differences in the timing of exercise for boys, adolescents involved in sports, on non-school days, individuals with lower physical activity self-efficacy, and participants with lower autonomous motivation. Hazard and survival probabilities suggest that optimal decision points for digital physical activity programs should occur between 5pm and 8pm. Overall, findings from this study support the idea that the timing of physical activity can be empirically-identified to determine when users are receptive to exercise and potentially used as markers to signal intervention delivery for JITAIs.
University of Kansas
2019-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31377
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/31377/1/Ortega_ku_0099M_16706_DATA_1.pdf
b0671fe528139a60691edd7b9fb21be7
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/31377/2/Ortega_ku_0099M_16706_DATA_1.pdf.txt
03890e960e1cc22a476282c045af6f11
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Adaptive Interventions
Digital health
Physical activity
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/234692017-12-08T21:43:43Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The effect of sodium amytal and sodium thiocyanate upon the behavior of the rat
Fletcher, Donald Edmund
University of Kansas
1932
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23469
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23469/1/fletcher_1932_3425263.pdf
6f013e1541a878ddff42c4027cfba360
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23469/2/fletcher_1932_3425263.pdf.txt
8061275ec3a52a03bcca67dd21396931
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/279582019-08-27T18:10:28Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Social Norms and Feedback about Prejudice: Religious Justification or Suppression?
Miller, Jason Michael
Crandall, Christian S
People often experience conflict between their prejudiced feelings and social norms that condemn prejudice. The Justification and Suppression Model (JSM) argues that people will either suppress or justify their prejudice when this conflict occurs. I hypothesize that the social norms about prejudice predict which strategy people will use. I propose that people will use their religious worldview to justify prejudices that are moderately acceptable, but they will suppress less acceptable prejudices. Study 1 (n = 95) found that Christians who were given false feedback indicating high amounts of prejudice against gay men agreed with Biblical justifications of prejudice less after the feedback than before. Study 2 (n = 170) found that Christians given false feedback indicating high amounts of prejudice against highly sexually active people agreed with Biblical justifications of prejudice more than participants given low prejudice feedback. Study 3 (n = 61) showed that prejudice against highly sexually active people is more socially acceptable than prejudice against gay men. Studies 4 (n = 464) and 5 (n = 193) added to Studies 1 and 2 by including prejudice target as a between subjects factor. In Study 4, prejudice feedback did not affect support for Biblical justifications, and there was no interaction with prejudice feedback and the target group. Study 5 also found no support for the hypothesis, as there was no interaction between prejudice feedback and the target of prejudice. Study 6 (n = 183) found a positive correlation between both prejudices and Biblical justifications for those prejudices.
University of Kansas
2018-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27958
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27958/1/Miller_ku_0099M_16073_DATA_1.pdf
fd8406edf3bf2067c3eff6af7e618da8
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27958/2/Miller_ku_0099M_16073_DATA_1.pdf.txt
b63a0373336e2a5c5feb0d3c0b4bf2d2
Copyright held by the author.
Social psychology
false feedback
justification
prejudice
religion
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/55852020-07-27T13:16:31Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Individual Differences in Verbal Fluency
Rozek, Ellen Kathryn
Kemper, Susan J.
Young adults, healthy older adults, adults with Parkinson's disease and adults with Alzheimer's disease were given a battery of cognitive tests and a series of verbal fluency tasks including tests of phonetic fluency, semantic fluency and action fluency in both traditional and alternating conditions. Different scoring techniques were compared including counts of correct responses, perseverations, intrusions, and clustering. As expected, young adults produced the most correct responses and the fewest perseverations, while the older adults with Alzheimer's disease produced the fewest correct responses and most perseverations. Cluster size was similar across all groups. The cognitive tests addressed individual differences in processing speed, working memory, inhibition, and verbal ability. Speed and inhibition were the best predictors of performance on verbal fluency measures for the three older groups of adults.
University of Kansas
2009-07-13
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5585
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5585/1/Rozek_ku_0099M_10477_DATA_1.pdf
686606a566a7650d869a5d01f4e56602
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5585/2/Rozek_ku_0099M_10477_DATA_1.pdf.txt
e1ee8b860c19bc979fd8fa838464b892
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Cognitive psychology
Gerontology
Aging
Alzheimer's disease
Cognitive
Parkinson's disease
Verbal fluency
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/249102017-12-08T21:45:29Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
An experimental study of tactual flicker with emphasis upon the qualitative aspects of the problem
Messenhiemer, Myron G.
University of Kansas
1932
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24910
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24910/1/messenheimer_1932_3425380.pdf
b7def5414d3f537a2e316d4ea48fd6ac
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24910/2/messenheimer_1932_3425380.pdf.txt
2cc281dff32a7f05364c7ec035edb268
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/233012020-06-23T19:13:09Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A technique for determining types of personality
Shuey, Herbert
University of Kansas
1932
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23301
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23301/1/shuey_1932_3425395.pdf
9c4199e1d0ccb9bc785fea8ead081936
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23301/2/shuey_1932_3425395.pdf.txt
1cae3f7390dbb58d43c85fd66ba6db9e
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/234632017-12-08T21:40:50Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Study in the aesthetics of visual form
Wilcox, Warren Wesley
University of Kansas
1929
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23463
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23463/1/wilcox_1929_3426490.pdf
39ac4619bdf386169f4450e5ad54f1f2
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23463/2/wilcox_1929_3426490.pdf.txt
77f3c3ba5b896694be49adabd3638fcf
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/142212020-10-21T15:20:57Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Gender Role, Coping Styles, and Expectations in Coping Outcomes: Implications for Depression
Sharp, Katie L.
Ingram, Rick E
In order to investigate gender role differences in coping and expectancies within a diathesis-stress framework, 106 undergraduate students were assessed on their gender role orientation, coping styles, and negative mood regulation expectancies. They were then randomly assigned to either a control group, in which participants completed a counting task, or a mood manipulation group, in which participants underwent a negative mood induction. All participants were then assessed on the same coping and expectancy measures filled out previously. Results indicated that high-masculine individuals were more likely to engage in problem-focused coping and coping through emphasizing the positive. Results also indicated that coping styles appear to become more similar when individuals are faced with a negative mood stressor. Based on these findings, future research directions are proposed and implications for the depression literature are discussed.
University of Kansas
2013-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/14221
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/14221/1/Sharp_ku_0099M_13057_DATA_1.pdf
20d1cd9e87b1a7aeac8049026313c093
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/14221/2/Sharp_ku_0099M_13057_DATA_1.pdf.txt
d09e31bfa74247efee8e16e2d37c9517
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Psychology
Coping
Expectancies
Gender roles
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/258332018-01-31T23:29:56Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Mind-Wandering and Mood Repair: The Role of Off-Task Thought in the Sustainment of Negative Mood
Wing, Erik Knight
Ilardi, Stephen S
Objectives: Mind-wandering, defined as a mental state encompassing task-unrelated and self-generated thought, is a ubiquitous cognitive phenomenon. Previous research has found a robust association between mind-wandering episodes and concurrent negative mood, such that increases in negative affect are predicted by increases in both mind-wandering frequency as well as off-task thought content focused on negative, past events. However, less is known about the function of mind-wandering among individuals who have already entered a negative mood state, or the role of mind-wandering in sustaining previously generated negative mood. Accordingly, the primary purpose of the present work was to investigate the relationship between mind-wandering (i.e., the frequency and content of off-task thought) and mood repair (i.e., change in negative affect over time) following the induction of a negative mood state. Methods: Sixty-seven participants underwent a negative mood challenge during which a personal, negative event from their past was remembered while listening to negatively-toned music. Participants then completed a choice reaction time task that was low in cognitive demand. Intermittently during the task, thought probes prompted participants to report on the occurrence of off-task thoughts and the content thereof, along with their current levels of positive and negative affect. Participants additionally completed the Beck Depression Inventory-2nd Edition (BDI-II) as well as a working memory task (i.e., dual N-back) prior to the mood induction. Multilevel growth modeling analyses were utilized to evaluate the degree to which the temporal growth of negative affect was explained by mind-wandering frequency and content. Models were fitted to three versions of the dataset based on group-level indicators of mood-repair: a full dataset encompassing all data, a repair dataset encompassing data for the time period prior to mood repair, and a post-repair dataset encompassing data following the return to baseline levels of negative affect. Results: Results indicated that mind-wandering frequency did not predict the sustainment of previously generated negative mood. In both the full and repair models, higher levels of mind-wandering frequency predicted higher levels of negative affect across time, but mind-wandering frequency was not found to influence change in negative affect over time (e.g., sustainment). Likewise, increased reporting of negative, past-oriented mind-wandering content was found to predict greater levels of negative affect in all three models, but did not predict changes in negative affect over time. Higher BDI-II scores and greater working memory task performance further predicted greater overall levels of negative affect across time. However, an exploratory analysis revealed that as the rate of change in mind-wandering increased (i.e., the slope of mind-wandering frequency became more positive) the linear growth of negative affect over both the full and repair periods increased (i.e., greater negative mood sustainment). This association was not found to be statistically significant in the post-repair model, indicating that the rate of mind-wandering change over time was specific in predicting the sustainment of previously generated negative mood. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the rate of change in mind-wandering frequency, rather than its absolute level, may play an important role in the sustainment of previously generated negative mood. This evidence for the role of mind-wandering in negative mood sustainment is discussed in terms of both its theoretical and clinical implications.
University of Kansas
2017-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25833
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/25833/2/Wing_ku_0099M_15337_DATA_1.pdf.txt
969bbcbeb941f702191e211f74a2cc45
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/25833/1/Wing_ku_0099M_15337_DATA_1.pdf
7d4678fab2f245b5e010519b5516be4d
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
affective dynamics
mind-wandering
mood induction
mood repair
negative mood
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/98142020-06-25T15:20:57Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A case of legality or racialization? Immigration policy in the U.S.
Mukherjee, Sahana
Molina, Ludwin E.
The current research draws upon a liberation psychological (LP) perspective to examine the extent to which support for strict policies against undocumented immigration does not reflect neutral concern for law and order, but instead reflects Euro/Anglo-centric values and promotes interests of the White majority. Drawing upon an LP analysis, the present work considers the possibility that concern for legalities operate as a smokescreen not only for anti-immigrant sentiments, but also for anti-Mexican sentiments. Results from study 1 indicate an association between nationalism (an ethnocentric engagement with national identity) and ethnocentric enforcement bias--that is, support for punishment of law-breaking immigrants over law-breaking U.S. employers who knowingly employ undocumented immigrants. Further, this relationship is most evident for those who endorse a `culture' based construction of national identity, in terms of the ability to speak English. Study 2 expands upon the results of study 1 and indicates that rather than punish all undocumented immigrants equally, there is a preference for punishing Mexican immigrants over Canadian immigrants and perceiving this form of treatment as fair and legitimate. Once again, this relationship is most evident for those who endorse `culture' based constructions of national identity. Discussion focuses on the socially constructed nature of the legal framework and its role in promoting and re-producing systems of domination and oppression.
University of Kansas
2011-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/9814
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/9814/1/Mukherjee_ku_0099M_11886_DATA_1.pdf
23943f9139a13552f20c89331a340bcf
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/9814/2/Mukherjee_ku_0099M_11886_DATA_1.pdf.txt
f3ba0142342d2c37ba0571bbd93ef1c2
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Psychology
Immigration
National identity
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/80472020-08-19T13:59:12Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Fit Index Sensitivity in Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling
Boulton, Aaron Jacob
Preacher, Kristopher J.
Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling (MSEM) is used to estimate latent variable models in the presence of multilevel data. A key feature of MSEM is its ability to quantify the extent to which a hypothesized model fits the observed data. Several test statistics and so-called fit indices can be calculated in MSEM as is done in single-level structural equation modeling. Accordingly, problems associated with these measures in the single-level case may apply to the multilevel case and new complications may arise. Few studies, however, have examined the performance of fit indices in MSEM. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that evaluating fit at each level separately is advantageous to evaluating fit for the overall model. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the sensitivity of several fit indices to misspecification in the cluster-level model under varying multilevel data conditions including the intraclass correlation coefficient, sample size configuration, and severity of model misspecification. Furthermore, three methods of level-specific fit evaluation were compared. Results from a Monte Carlo simulation study suggest that fit indices are affected by the ICC of model indicators and sample size configurations in MSEM. With the exception of the SRMR, all fit indices were less sensitive to cluster-level model misspecification at low indicator ICCs, large overall sample sizes, and smaller numbers of clusters. Discrepancies in fit information between two methods of level-specific fit were observed at low ICC values. Finally, two fit indices rarely used in SEM applications revealed desirable properties in certain simulation conditions. Implications of the simulation results are discussed and a program for implementing level-specific fit evaluation in the R statistical language is provided.
University of Kansas
2011-07-29
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/8047
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8047/2/Boulton_ku_0099M_11730_DATA_1.pdf.txt
6a2d37726b28a35b81397877e2037942
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8047/1/Boulton_ku_0099M_11730_DATA_1.pdf
152b356cc5f09ccc1df3259e4706e66a
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
Fit indices
Fit sensitivity
Model fit
MSEM
Multilevel structural equation modeling
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/313752021-03-05T16:54:48Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Math is Language: A Metaphor-Based Intervention to Promote Women's Interest in Math
Washington, Cory D
Landau, Mark J
Despite STEM’s growth, women are vastly underrepresented in STEM employment. Women fill almost half of all jobs in the US, yet they only occupy 25 percent of all STEM employment (Beede et al., 2011). This discrepancy between the number of women in the US workforce and the number of women currently in STEM employment is referred to as the STEM gender gap. Researchers have identified many barriers to women’s pursuit of STEM in academic settings, including instructor expectations of fixed intelligence; a lack of female role models; gender stereotyping; and perceived values mismatch (Beede et al., 2011; Ginther & Kahn, 2015). The goal of the current research is to highlight an overlooked barrier to STEM—women’s conceptions of math —and create a metaphor-framing intervention to address it. Conceptual metaphor theory posits that metaphor is a tool for thought and not just a tool for speech. Metaphors help us understand abstract concepts by relating them to other, more concrete, concepts (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The present study used the metaphor “Math is language” to make math feel more approachable by reducing math anxiety among all students. Additionally, metaphor helped students see the potential for math to be a flexible tool for thought and expression; reflecting how language is often thought of (Haave, 2015; Manery, 2007). Surprisingly, both the “Math is language” metaphor and the “College math is high school math” metaphor displayed these benefits. This research suggests that metaphor can help make math more approachable for all students, not just women.
University of Kansas
2019-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31375
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/31375/2/Washington_ku_0099M_16664_DATA_1.pdf.txt
462497574696d1d05228dabebcc4021e
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/31375/1/Washington_ku_0099M_16664_DATA_1.pdf
472408d7af90d3d789018fbdd5a43276
Copyright held by the author.
Social psychology
Intervention
Metaphor
STEM
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/206682018-10-31T21:23:46Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The Impact of Family Factors and Household Food Insecurity on Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Low-Income Children
Amaro, Christina M.
Roberts, Michael C.
Objective: The purpose of the study was to examine the relationships among household food insecurity, family functioning, parental stress, and fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income children. Methods: Parents of children from ages 5-10 years were recruited from local farmers’ markets implementing a dollar-for-dollar match for individuals using their Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits. Parents (n = 143) completed questionnaires pertaining to stress, family functioning, household food insecurity, and child fruit and vegetable consumption. Participants also completed a brief demographic questionnaire. Results: Family functioning, household food insecurity, and parental stress were not significantly associated with fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income children. Exploratory analyses examined household food insecurity as a moderator between parental stress and fruit and vegetable consumption; findings were not significant. Conclusions: Family factors and household food insecurity were not significantly related to fruit and vegetable consumption in low-income children in the current study. As farmers’ markets with match programs for SNAP users continue to expand across the United States, researchers may consider to continue to expand studies in this area.
University of Kansas
2015-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20668
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20668/1/Amaro_ku_0099M_14405_DATA_1.pdf
35805d1a19aee20e0f7459d3fe7b181d
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20668/4/20668.pdf
24846556602d232f9f19f9f44b0ce80f
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20668/2/Amaro_ku_0099M_14405_DATA_1.pdf.txt
e70632d044669c86dc00f2f68900d7e0
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Psychology
Family Factors
Food Consumption
Household Food Insecurity
Pediatric Psychology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/241672018-01-31T20:07:52Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Motivation and Hedonic Hunger as Predictors of Self-Reported Food Intake in Adolescents: Disentangling Between-Person and Within-Person Processes
Bejarano, Carolina M.
Cushing, Christopher C
Background: Dietary behavior contributes substantially to health across the lifespan. Understanding interactions between stable characteristics and fluctuating drive states underlying youth’s food choices may inform methods for promoting more healthful food intake. The present study examined dietary motivation and hedonic hunger as interacting predictors of adolescents’ consumption of sweet, starchy, fatty, and fast foods. Methods: Intensive longitudinal data were collected from 50 adolescent participants (ages 13-18) over a 20-day study period. Participants completed a measure of dietary motivation at baseline and reported on hedonic hunger and consumption of palatable foods via a smartphone application at the end of each study day. Results: Results indicated that 66.7% of the variability in hedonic hunger was between-person and 33.3% was within-person. Between-person hedonic hunger was positively associated with consumption of fatty foods ( = .28, p < .05) and within-person hedonic hunger was positively associated with consumption of starchy foods ( = .38, p < .0001). A significant cross-level interaction indicated that as hedonic hunger increased, the slope relating controlled motivation to starchy food consumption become more strongly positive. Autonomous motivation was negatively associated with consumption of fast foods ( = -.14, p < .05). Additionally, the interaction term of within-person hedonic hunger and autonomous motivation indicated that as hedonic hunger increased, the slope relating autonomous motivation to fast food consumption became more strongly negative. Conclusions: Findings indicate that hedonic hunger has the potential to fluctuate over time, but conceptualization of the variable as both trait and state may be most appropriate given the current findings. Results confirmed that unique relationships exist between trait motivation and fluctuating hedonic hunger, and that the interactions of these variables may hold value in understanding and addressing unhealthful dietary choices. In particular, adolescents with high controlled motivation for diet may be vulnerable to the influence of hedonic hunger and especially prone to eating higher quantities of starchy foods. Adolescents with high autonomous motivation for diet may be less vulnerable to the experience of hedonic hunger and less likely to consume fast food.
University of Kansas
2016-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24167
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24167/2/Bejarano_ku_0099M_14991_DATA_1.pdf.txt
d14ceb44d2db2174e9e5d3aedf3fe58f
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24167/1/Bejarano_ku_0099M_14991_DATA_1.pdf
15ccc4c9545209cccdd67a4a69cb79cc
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24167/4/24167.pdf
3de16e9a6b9487f859c5540102229cdb
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Psychology
diet
dietary behavior
ecological momentary assessment
hedonic hunger
motivation
youth
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/278262023-08-11T17:04:29Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Alleviating Depressive Symptoms through Mindset
Kohnle, Kendall
Ingram, Rick
Background: Depression is a devastating public health problem, and various treatments such as exercise have been shown to be effective in decreasing depression. However, depressed individuals often have difficulty initiating exercise due to low energy and motivation. Perhaps changing a person’s mindset (i.e. beliefs and expectations) during exercise to decrease depressive symptoms could be a key to facilitating the antidepressant effects of exercise without changing the behavior itself. Methods: 58 participants with a BDI score of 10-25 were recruited through the University of Kansas Psychology Department’s SONA website. Participants completed surveys inquiring about depressive and anxiety symptoms and current level of exercise at three time points over the course of 7-10 days. The experimental group (N=27) was given a mindset manipulation informing the participant that their daily activities were considered exercise which would alleviate their depressive symptoms. The control group (N=31) was read a script that discussed various strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms with no mention of their daily activities. Results: A linear mixed model analysis indicated a significant difference between the experimental and control groups’ depression scores over time, F(1,113)=4.80, p=.03, with the experimental group’s depressive symptoms decreasing more rapidly than the control group’s depressive symptoms. Conclusion: In sum, the results show that altering mindset during exercise (current daily activities) is an effective method to decrease depressive symptoms in mild to moderately depressed individuals compared to the control group.
University of Kansas
2018-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27826
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27826/2/Kohnle_ku_0099M_15968_DATA_1.pdf.txt
7ebfc7c2b997af8a438c16855ca3906f
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27826/1/Kohnle_ku_0099M_15968_DATA_1.pdf
a1078345d9337292ed5ce9b12888f842
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
anxiety
depression
depressive symptoms
exercise
mindset
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/216912018-01-31T20:07:52Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Effect of Dropout on the Efficiency of Ds - Optimal Designs for Linear Mixed Models
Kinai, Richard
Wu, Wei
Optimal designs are a class of experimental designs that are efficient with respect to some statistical criterion. Two types of optimal designs are considered in the study. D-optimal designs are designs that minimize the generalized variance of a model’s estimated parameters. Ds-optimal designs are a class of D-optimal experimental designs that are useful when the researcher is interested in estimating a subset of parameters in a given model. For a specific parameter, Ds-optimal designs would be more efficient than D-optimal designs. Although the loss in efficiency of D-optimal designs relative to Ds-optimal designs have been examined in the past literature, past research did not consider the cases where there are missing observations. Given that missing observations are ubiquitous in longitudinal studies due to dropout, the current study examines the loss in efficiency when D-optimal designs are used instead of Ds-optimal designs for data with missing observations. Results indicate that in general, location of Ds-optimal design points with dropout will shift closer towards the location of the D-optimal designs with complete data, compared to D-optimal design points with dropout. The D-optimal design with complete data corresponds with the smallest variance covariance matrix. For the data with dropout, the variance covariance matrix of the Ds-optimal design is closer in size to that of D-optimal design with complete data compared to that of D-optimal design with dropout. For both designs with dropout, efficiency loss is moderate.
University of Kansas
2015-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/21691
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/21691/2/Kinai_ku_0099M_14209_DATA_1.pdf.txt
af58f567847dc5d20b407d043c8ad0b4
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/21691/1/Kinai_ku_0099M_14209_DATA_1.pdf
efcc4b3d455c101bd359619c2cb00299
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/21691/4/21691.pdf
7e575c5e0ae1d4f98f9ff05f9ba2f434
Copyright held by the author.
Psychology
Ds-optimal designs
efficiency loss
linear mixed models
missing observations
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/66202020-07-21T15:17:57Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Cross-cultural Gender Differences and Developmental Trends of Aggression-Victim-Bystander Constructs: Brazil, Jamaica, and United States
Noland, Brian Joseph
Vernberg, Eric M
We evaluated the measurement equivalence of the Peer Experiences Questionnaire (PEQ) across samples from Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States and compared latent means of aggressive and bystander behaviors, victimization experiences, and aggression-related attitudes for boys and girls in 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade from Brazil, Jamaica, and the United States. Results indicated developmental and gender differences and similarities in the aggression-victim-bystander constructs across countries. Jamaican participants reported significantly more frequent aggression toward others and victimization of self, with girls reporting equal amounts of aggression towards others as boys. Participants from Brazil and Jamaica reported more aggressive bystander behaviors than participants from the United States. Normative beliefs supporting the use of aggression were endorsed more frequently by U.S. participants than participants from Brazil and Jamaica. Discussion of the presentation of aggression-victim-bystander constructs across cultures is presented.
University of Kansas
2008-08-15
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6620
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6620/2/umi-ku-2586_1.pdf.txt
cb6a2b9cfc74b2f0e4705d380dcc9992
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6620/1/umi-ku-2586_1.pdf
cbff81cdf80641b5fdaeb57358a20276
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/218412018-01-31T20:07:51Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Negative Life Events and Internalizing Behaviors: The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem in Early Adolescence
Garcia, Andrea Magdalena
Roberts, Michael C
Previous studies have suggested that exposure to frequent negative life events is associated with youth’s maladjustment. Early adolescents living in socially disorganized neighborhoods experience frequent stressors such as limited access to resources, lack of safety, and are at increased risk of experiencing negative life events (NLE). Such exposure to NLEs has been linked to externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Although the impact of NLEs can lead to poor psychological outcomes, closely linked self-concept factors such as self-esteem have been suggested to influence the development of internalizing behaviors. Self-esteem influences the individual’s response to the environment, and interactions with others with implications for the onset and maintenance of psychological disorders. Using a structural equation modeling approach, self-esteem was examined as a moderator of the relationship between reported negative life events and internalizing behaviors for a sample of 603 adolescents living in socially disorganized neighborhoods. Results indicated that these early adolescents reporting higher levels of self-esteem also reported lower internalizing behaviors. However, contrary to the prediction, self-esteem did not moderate the link between reported negative life events and adolescents’ internalizing behaviors.
University of Kansas
2016-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/21841
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/21841/1/Garcia_ku_0099M_14468_DATA_1.pdf
3a4d9fbda054daf21a4501fc44d5ee51
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/21841/2/Garcia_ku_0099M_14468_DATA_1.pdf.txt
0d9227717300dc763a65bd0985366ff7
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
early adolescent
internalizing behaviors
negative life events
self-esteem
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/117252020-09-30T14:26:28Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
How Bandwidth Selection Algorithms Impact Exploratory Data Analysis Using Kernel Density Estimation
Harpole, Jared Kenneth
Woods, Carol M
Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is important, yet often overlooked in the social and behavioral sciences. Graphical analysis of one's data is central to EDA. A viable method of estimating and graphing the underlying density in EDA is kernel density estimation (KDE). A problem with using KDE involves correctly specifying the bandwidth to portray an accurate representation of the density. The purpose of the present study is to empirically evaluate how the choice of bandwidth in KDE influences recovery of the true density. Simulations were carried out that compared five bandwidth selection methods [Sheather-Jones plug-in (SJDP), Normal rule of thumb (NROT), Silverman's rule of thumb (SROT), Least squares cross-validation (LSCV), and Biased cross-validation (BCV)], using four true density shapes (Standard Normal, Positively Skewed, Bimodal, and Skewed Bimodal), and eight sample sizes (25, 50, 75, 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000). Results indicated that overall SJDP performed best. However, this was specifically true for samples between 250 and 2,000. For smaller samples (N = 25 to 100), SROT performed best. Thus, either the SJDP or SROT is recommended depending on the sample size.
University of Kansas
2013-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11725
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11725/1/Harpole_ku_0099M_12636_DATA_1.pdf
08899fbcb939295d8bb6c8caa493e45b
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11725/2/Harpole_ku_0099M_12636_DATA_1.pdf.txt
9f2f00d768a3465bdc68f06d39231007
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
Statistics
Bandwidth selection
Exploratory data analysis
Graphical analysis
Kernel density estimation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/45172020-07-23T12:57:14Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
HOW DIFFICULT IS TOO DIFFICULT? THE RELATIONSHIPS AMONG WOMEN'S SEXUAL EXPERIENCE AND ATTITUDES, DIFFICULTY WITH ORGASM, AND PERCEPTION OF THEMSELVES AS ORGASMIC OR ANORGASMIC
Stroupe, Natalie Nicole
Muehlenhard, Charlene L.
The purpose of this study was to ascertain the relationships among women's sexual experiences and attitudes, their level of difficulty with orgasm, and their perception of themselves as anorgasmic or orgasmic. Anonymous data was provided by 208 women via a questionnaire that collected information on demographics, sexual experience, orgasm experience, and attitudes toward masturbation. ANOVA and chi square tests were completed to determine whether significant relationships existed among these variables. Qualitative data provided shed some light on the intricacies of women's self-perception of their orgasmic status. Understanding the variability among self-reported anorgasmia may help in shaping more precisely worded research questions and improve clinical assessment and treatment of anorgasmia.
University of Kansas
2008-01-01
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4517
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4517/1/Stroupe_ku_0099M_10161_DATA_1.pdf
664451d7439cb1dcfca60238c5f04dfa
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4517/2/Stroupe_ku_0099M_10161_DATA_1.pdf.txt
7cf324f38c5541e214b1509fa0f07d8b
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Women's studies
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/41142018-01-31T20:08:08Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Offset Masking in a Divided Visual Field Study
Young, Keith
Atchley, Ruth Ann
A problem in divided visual field studies which use event-related potentials as a dependent measure is the large number of horizontal eye movements participants make during experimental trials. Past attention research suggests that eye movements to lateralized targets should be significantly reduced using a dynamic, offset mask, causing a reduction in attentional capture. The current study attempted to replicate past divided visual field language studies using offset masking procedures. Using a basic offset procedure, eye movements were not reduced in Experiment 1. Experiment 3, however, did see a significant reduction in eye movements using a dynamic offset masking procedure developed in Experiment 2. Low accuracy rates were a concern throughout. In conclusion, horizontal eye movements can be reduced with a dynamic offset procedure but the low accuracy rates and the inconsistent behavioral findings throughout the study do not support using this technique.
University of Kansas
2008-02-25
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4114
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4114/2/umi-ku-2331_1.pdf.txt
261e3229ece46662acd81356d9a08017
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4114/1/umi-ku-2331_1.pdf
09626c8c3ad0a386fe32d15a3155625d
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Cognitive psychology
Attention
Divided visual field
Lexical decision
Masking
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/168672018-01-31T20:08:15Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A Proof-of-Concept Simulation of the Accelerated Longitudinal Planned Missing Design for Latent Panel Modeling
McCune, Luke A.
Deboeck, Pascal R
Longitudinal planned missing, represented in the literature by the time-lag model (McArdle&Woodcock, 1997) and the cohort sequential design (Nesselroade&Baltes, 1979), has been thus far restricted to growth modeling and often does not fully utilize the benefits of the planned missingness by estimating a full-longitudinal model. The accelerated longitudinal design may serve as a more flexible and powerful alternative. This study presents a test of the accelerated longitudinal design in a simulated latent panel modeling framework to examine the method's appropriateness for contexts untestable using traditional longitudinal planned missing designs. Three-, four-, and five-cohort models are tested, using a continuum of sample sizes and cohort effect sizes. Results indicate that factor loadings, factor variances, and stabilities across time are replicated well, while characteristics and relationships of the means (i.e., manifest intercepts, latent means, and especially cohort differences) show low efficiency relative to the full sample case. In general, the technique is recommended when no cohort effects are expected, though more expansive research into other possible modeling situations should follow.
University of Kansas
2014-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/16867
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/16867/1/McCune_ku_0099M_13564_DATA_1.pdf
647a935ebe07e919dc84e68895f03949
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/16867/2/McCune_ku_0099M_13564_DATA_1.pdf.txt
8ca7017f52d4ab6e40b4b73012b4484f
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology and psychometrics
Statistics
accelerated longitudinal
cohort sequential
longitudinal
planned missing
simulation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/80432020-08-14T14:51:44Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Optimism in Children Exposed to Child Maltreatment
Beals, Sarah Elizabeth
Jackson, Yo
Factors that predict optimism, the belief that positive things will happen in one's life, in youth who have experienced maltreatment were examined; specifically, positive family characteristics, life events, and social support resources were tested, all of which have been implicated in the research literature as potential predictors of optimism in youth. Measures of optimism, social support, and life events were completed by 46 youth in foster care, and their caregivers completed a measure of the family environment. Results showed that of the three hypothesized predictors of youth optimism, only life events significantly affected youths' levels of optimism. Results are somewhat consistent with general perspectives on how optimism develops, but point to the need to continue to study how optimism operates in children who have been exposed to maltreatment. Implications of these results for interventions and improvements to the foster care system are discussed.
University of Kansas
2010-10-07
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/8043
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8043/2/Beals_ku_0099M_11156_DATA_1.pdf.txt
e35b04dd176386b4bed827a5ccc99c28
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8043/1/Beals_ku_0099M_11156_DATA_1.pdf
2111b81b93193b2f846ba1d3a4d1ec61
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Psychology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/238042017-12-08T21:43:44Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A tachistoscopic study of the differentiation of perception
Brigden, Robert Lockwood
University of Kansas
1931
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23804
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23804/1/brigden_1931_3426498.pdf
ae3ed0c245f938a4977dff2490a2a887
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23804/2/brigden_1931_3426498.pdf.txt
8dc00538f874dc4d712cba87fe0fcadf
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/313792024-01-16T16:44:29Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Precision Sensorimotor Control in Aging Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 Gene Premutation Carriers
McKinney, Walker Stuart
Mosconi, Matthew W
Individuals with premutation alleles of the FMR1 gene are at risk of developing Fragile X-associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS), a neurodegenerative condition affecting sensorimotor, cognitive and psychological function. There is limited information on quantitative symptom traits in aging premutation carriers to assist in identifying neurodegenerative processes and understanding neurodegenerative mechanisms. 26 FMR1 premutation carriers ages 44-77 years and 31 age-matched healthy controls completed a visually guided precision gripping task in which they pressed with their thumb and forefinger against load cells while receiving visual feedback. Individuals maintained a constant force for 2- or 8- seconds. During initial pressing, reaction time, the rate at which individuals increased their force, and force accuracy were measured. During sustained gripping, the complexity of the force time series, force variability, and mean force were examined. At the end of each trial, the rate at which individuals decreased their force was measured. During initial pressing, premutation carriers, relative to controls, showed longer reaction times, particularly at younger ages. They also showed reduced rates of force generation and reduced accuracy relative to controls. During sustained force, premutation carriers demonstrated reduced force complexity, though this effect varied as a function of age and hand; it was reduced across ages for the non-dominant hand but was more severely reduced at younger ages for the dominant hand. Lower sustained force complexity was associated with greater cytosine-guanine-guanine (CGG) repeat length. Increased reaction time, increased sustained force variability, and increased rates of force relaxation each were associated with more severe clinically rated FXTAS symptoms. Findings of increased reaction time in premutation carriers implicate neurodegenerative processes affecting the ability to rapidly prepare the motor system for action. Premutation carriers also showed reduced accuracy of their initial force output indicating impairments precisely planning rapid motor behavior. Reduced complexity of sustained motor output suggests deficits in reactively adjusting motor behavior in response to sensory feedback. Overall, these results indicate that sensorimotor issues in aging premutation carriers affect multiple motor systems, and quantitative tests of precision visuomotor ability may serve as key targets for monitoring FXTAS risk and progression.
University of Kansas
2019-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31379
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/31379/2/McKinney_ku_0099M_16716_DATA_1.pdf.txt
7e00e2d93884f9aa989d3a491c8f725a
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/31379/1/McKinney_ku_0099M_16716_DATA_1.pdf
844ab6c7ac9bbeafca51d28f640b9729
Copyright held by the author.
Kinesiology
Aging
Genetics
bradykinesia
FMR1 premutation
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome
neurodegeneration
precision grip
sensorimotor
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/275372020-10-08T16:20:47Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Creativity as a Protective Factor to Suicidality
Hallaert, Jenelle M.
Kerr, Barbara
Mikinski, Tamara
The purpose of this thesis was to compare the presence of suicide risk in college student art majors (n = 144) and non-art majors (n = 330), and to determine if flow consciousness cultivated hope, purpose in life, or resilience, when manifested through creative expression. Using a convenience sample, participants (N = 474) completed a battery of assessments measuring depression, suicide risk, creative achievement, flow, hope, purpose, and resilience through an online survey. Hypotheses stated that art majors would be at a greater risk for suicide than non-art majors. Additionally, engagement in flow was predicted to decrease suicide risk as mediated by increased hope, purpose in life, or resilience. Results from the online survey indicated that art majors were not at a greater risk for suicide than their general peers. Furthermore, the relationship between flow and suicide risk was significantly mediated by purpose in life. Purpose in life explained 55% of the variance in suicide risk in both art majors and non-art majors. Findings suggest that creativity can be a protective factor to suicide risk when engaging in an activity that allows creators to experience flow. When creators are in flow, they are also experiencing an increased sense of purpose in life, which can lower their risk of suicide. These findings may help to inform mental health and career counselor interventions when working with college students. Additionally, results from this thesis can advocate for the psychological benefits of creativity via engagement in flow consciousness within the context of policy, education, and family.
University of Kansas
2018-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27537
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27537/1/Hallaert_ku_0099M_15800_DATA_1.pdf
b3b01003d617ac62fc060936a1132390
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27537/2/Hallaert_ku_0099M_15800_DATA_1.pdf.txt
0656ea2a421456fb61bd0c0ad1c07e49
Copyright held by the author.
Mental health
Counseling psychology
Higher education
arts
college
creativity
flow consciousness
positive psychology
suicide
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/60222018-01-31T20:08:09Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Prelexical Decomposition of Compound and Pseudocompound Words
Diener, Un So Park
Simpson, Greg B
Previous studies on morphologically complex words suggest early decomposition in the visual word process. In that case, morpheme-like constituents of pseudocompound words (e.g. mushroom) should also be decomposed during the early stage of visual recognition, although such effects should disappear quickly, as the decomposition does not help in the identification of the whole word. Experiment 1 assessed priming effects of compound words and pseudocompound words on their constituents at SOAs of 150ms and 500 ms, using masked primes. At the short SOA, both word types primed their first constituents (e.g., blackboard primed black, mushroom primed mush), supporting the hypothesis of early decomposition. At the long SOA, the compound words primed both of their constituents, while the pseudocompound words continued to prime their first constituents. Experiment 2 repeated Experiment 1 with the long SOA condition changed to 300ms. The results were the same for compound words, but priming effects disappeared for the pseudocompound words at 300ms SOA. These findings suggest an early segmentation of morpheme-like word parts based on the orthographical structure of multisyllabic words.
University of Kansas
2007-12-12
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6022
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6022/1/umi-ku-2270_1.pdf
a5136fdc2daaf8e189a5fca9fccf3b28
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6022/2/umi-ku-2270_1.pdf.txt
3fc49aec21c264257f6799caae959c04
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Cognitive psychology
Morphology
Masked priming
Word processing
Lexical representations
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/59782020-07-30T12:28:28Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Women's and men's reasons for giving in to sexual intercourse without a condom even though they wanted to use one
Efe, Basak
Muehlenhard, Charlene L.
We explored men's and women's reasons for engaging in sexual intercourse without a condom, even though they wanted to use a condom. We explored the differences and similarities between the reasons men and women give for consenting to such intercourse. We examined situations in which individuals wanted to use a condom, and their partner refused or complained about using one, and they ended up either using a condom or having sexual intercourse without a condom. We focused on the role of power in these decisions. We analyzed both quantitative (participants' ratings of their and their partner's power) and qualitative data (participants' descriptions of their feelings, thoughts and behaviors in the situations).
University of Kansas
2009-12-17
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5978
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5978/2/Efe_ku_0099M_10677_DATA_1.pdf.txt
89f60961537e1071a3c992c67ca08016
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5978/1/Efe_ku_0099M_10677_DATA_1.pdf
982c36fe82798a882af09669902464bf
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Health sciences
Public health
Psychology
College students
Contraception
Gender
Negotiating condom use
Sexual relations
Sexually transmitted diseases
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/116472017-12-08T21:43:44Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
An Experimental Study of Rhythms
Sarvis, Byron Charles
Morrison, Beulah M.
University of Kansas
1931
Thesis
en_US
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11647
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11647/2/license.txt
c51a2a8181b7df93e55a9d6314ced7e1
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11647/3/Sarvis_An%20Experimental_small.pdf.txt
18bdc5558c4a944ac18e3fed1b22f25e
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11647/1/Sarvis_An%20Experimental_small.pdf
16606f6896290b434e899305fe5f47d5
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/263132018-04-21T08:00:57Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
An examination of potential correlation between abnormal personality and planetary position
Hume, Nicholas
University of Kansas
1973
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26313
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/26313/2/hume_1973_1815895.pdf.txt
b73eef89013d3f0b4fab2b33f952c384
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/26313/1/hume_1973_1815895.pdf
628b5f218658c168ee45611bb7d5ac11
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy,
use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the
work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/116882020-09-29T14:42:50Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Using Higher-Order Derivatives to Estimate Damped Linear Oscillator Models with an Over-Arching Temporal Trend
Drotar, Scott
Deboeck, Pascal
Studies that look to examine intra-individual data have become more popular in the social sciences in recent years, and thusly methods that accurately model this type of data are needed. One particular differential equation model that has been used to fit this type of data is the damped linear oscillator (DLO), which models constructs that vary about some equilibrium value over time. Currently, methods for fitting the DLO model require that no over-arching, temporal trend be present in the data, or that this trend be removed prior to fitting the model in some two-step procedure. One such two-step approach that has been used in psychology is the method of Latent Differential Equations (LDE). Using two-step procedures can cause standard errors of parameter estimates to be inflated, which makes single-step methods with simultaneous estimation of all parameters preferred. This study proposes a method using higher-order derivatives and structural equation modeling (SEM) to estimate the DLO model and trend simultaneously. A simulation was conducted to examine (a) the bias of estimates obtained using the proposed method and (b) whether the proposed method provides any improvement over the existing, two-step LDE approach. The results suggest that the proposed method does provide accurate estimates, but for a much smaller range of conditions than the LDE approach. The simultaneous estimation of the higher-order derivative method did provide more precise parameter estimates compared to the two-step approach for the range of conditions that it was found to be accurate.
University of Kansas
2013-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11688
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11688/2/Drotar_ku_0099M_12695_DATA_1.pdf.txt
2e840c56acb425557e7f5dc7bd0e0c32
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11688/1/Drotar_ku_0099M_12695_DATA_1.pdf
2260a1932f41d1d99c375e60096c8751
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/270002020-10-13T15:14:55Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Chasing Z’s: Sleep Quality and Bedsharing in Teen Moms
Boddy, Lauren E.
Hamilton, Nancy A
Pregnancy and motherhood during adolescence is a major U.S. public health concern, and teen mothers are likely to experience negative consequences given their status as a young mom. One potential intervention method lies within health behaviors, specifically sleep quality and bedsharing practices. Although research demonstrates relationships between specific types of sleep problems and pregnancy, little is known about the prevalence and type of sleep problems and bedsharing intentions for pregnant women from diverse backgrounds. This project aimed to investigate and describe sleep quality, including the factors that might affect sleep during pregnancy, as well as bedsharing intentions during the third trimester of pregnancy in adolescent women from a large Midwestern city. Participants in this study included a sample of female adolescents participating in a larger, longitudinal pilot study testing the feasibility and implementation of a multiple health behavior change intervention. Results of the current study suggest pregnant, adolescent women may experience poor sleep during their third trimester. It was also discovered that teen mothers are likely to choose co-sleeping for reasons such as distance and/access, preparation, and safety. The results of the current study have important implications for the care of these women and their families, as well as their medical care providers.
University of Kansas
2017-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27000
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27000/2/Boddy_ku_0099M_15635_DATA_1.pdf.txt
cc951d071bbcb8f73aeb3b57a053f2a0
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27000/1/Boddy_ku_0099M_15635_DATA_1.pdf
d6b53c111f7c76f5d9468c167da1c81d
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Psychology
Bedsharing
Co-sleeping
Health Psychology
Prepartum Health
Sleep Quality
Teen Pregnancy
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/39882018-01-31T20:08:15Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A Dynamic Hobbesian Approach to Aggression and Self-Regulation
Geldhof, Gordon John
Hawley, Patricia H.
Little, Todd D.
Theory and metatheory combine to create the unique paradigm that influences how researchers interpret data and make hypotheses. By examining one combination of theory (dynamic systems) and metatheory (a Hobbesian outlook), this paper provides a solid theoretical framework for examining self-regulation, aggression, and resource control. This paradigm encourages researchers to consider the functions of aggression (reactive vs. instrumental) and forms of self-regulation (active vs. automatic) as unique constructs and generates hypotheses about their development and interaction. These hypotheses were tested in a sample of preschool children, and results showed that active regulation, automatic regulation, and aggression uniquely predict a significant portion of the variance in teacher-rated resource control.
University of Kansas
2008-06-18
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/3988
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3988/2/umi-ku-2465_1.pdf.txt
5d25bcc59505a2c823e03fcb9540033f
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3988/1/umi-ku-2465_1.pdf
a9da87b639cba601ff271e1785afdc63
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Developmental psychology
Psychology
Self-regulation
Internalization
Aggression
Dynamic
Fear
Philosophy
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/269902018-10-25T20:17:11Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Examining Subcomponent Processes of Executive Functioning in Older Adults
Ivanisevic, Mirjana
Johnson, David
Executive Function (EF) is a broad construct used to describe higher-order cognitive abilities used to achieve a goal. Standardized measurements used to evaluate EF abilities in older adults are designed to assess for EF as a unitary complex construct, but may be insufficient in capturing the subcomponent cognitive processes that make up the complex nature of EF. The Unity/Diversity framework is a theoretically derived model of executive function that helps to parse out complex executive function derivatives into specific indices of ability with the use of latent construct analyses (Baddeley & Logie, 1999; Miyake et al., 2000). To date, one study has been published on the use of the unity/diversity framework to examine subcomponent processes of EF in older adults (Vaughan & Giovanello, 2010). In the current study, we aim to use a similar methodological approach as Vaughan and Giovanello (2010) to investigate subcomponent processes of EF in a sample of healthy older adults. Participants included 91 older adults who ranged between the ages of 66 and 90 (mean age= 73.3, SD = 6.34). Participants were excluded if they reported a history of neurological disorders, any current major medical conditions, and any psychiatric conditions or use of medications for psychiatric conditions. Findings suggest that the three-factor hypothesized model did not fit the covariance data of our sample as demonstrated by with significant chi-square results, X² (17, N=91) = 36.49, p = .004. Findings in our studies were not consistent with those of other studies and some limitations of the current study, which may have influenced the findings, are considered.
University of Kansas
2017-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26990
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/26990/2/Ivanisevic_ku_0099M_15715_DATA_1.pdf.txt
d750f41ef528c65741adfbb09a0ebd11
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/26990/1/Ivanisevic_ku_0099M_15715_DATA_1.pdf
74ddb7e939c349519d9ded027647ab79
Copyright held by the author.
Aging
Clinical psychology
Aging
Executive Function
Normative aging
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/231712020-06-23T20:49:09Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The development of a technique for obtaining cerebral action currents
Bartley, Samuel Howard
University of Kansas
1928
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23171
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23171/1/bartley_1928_3424912.pdf
2be0d56b29d7dea530e1bd7c19aa31be
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23171/2/bartley_1928_3424912.pdf.txt
ee9ebabb30b355a033ca3ae1511b6255
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/235352017-12-08T21:43:44Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
An experimental study of the development and persistence of skill in a complex motor performance, with emphasis upon the qualitative aspects of the problem
Pankratz, Herman Leonard
University of Kansas
1931
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23535
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23535/1/pankratz_1931_3426817.pdf
b1bb28a0ad8d35e051f6d7b1092d96ea
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23535/2/pankratz_1931_3426817.pdf.txt
6936a99fbb379121528dbdc2d38d577e
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/81922020-06-25T20:40:54Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A Multiple Group Repeated Measures Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) Examination of the Evolutionary Attitudes and Literacy Survey (EALS) Among College Samples
Short, Stephen David
Little, Todd D.
Hawley, Patricia H.
The present study examined changes in university students' attitudes toward and knowledge of evolution measured by the previously validated Evolutionary Attitudes and Literacy Survey (EALS). Students were assessed at a large Midwestern U. S. university prior to and following completion of either an undergraduate political science, biology, or evolutionary psychology course. A multiple group repeated measures confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to examine latent mean differences in self-reported political activity, religious conservatism, evolution knowledge/relevance, creationist reasoning, evolutionary misconceptions, and exposure to evolution. A significant and notable increase in evolution knowledge/relevance, as well as decrease in creationist reasoning and evolutionary misconceptions was observed for the evolutionary psychology course. In contrast, no significant change in evolution knowledge/relevance was observed for the biology course. The implications of these findings, as well as limitations and future research for evolution education are discussed.
University of Kansas
2011-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/8192
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8192/1/Short_ku_0099M_11700_DATA_1.pdf
cd715d3a42df05b7618f1256515bad43
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/8192/2/Short_ku_0099M_11700_DATA_1.pdf.txt
ee46fd7191ed6d7ec7cfd4658cf670c8
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
Psychology
Evolution & development
College sample
Confirmatory factor analysis
Evolution
Evolution knowledge
Latent means
Science education
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/39832020-07-15T13:04:02Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Biculturalism as a Protective Factor Against Antisocial Behavior
Gomez, Michael Daniel
Jackson, Yo
The current study examined the relation between antisocial behaviors and cultural status in a sample of Mexican American youth. Because rates of externalizing problems are high and because Mexican American children and adolescents represent the largest and fastest growing segments of the population, the present study sought to examine how attachment to cultural group might serve as a protective mechanism. Research shows that acculturation style can impact the prevalence of antisocial behavior and adaptive behavior. Because there have been methodological problems with measurements of acculturation, as it relates to both maladaptive and adaptive behavior, the current study examined the responses of 73 Mexican American students (ages 12-18) and their parents from two sites (an urban Midwest area and an urban and rural West Texas area). Using a series of ANOVA's and t-tests, both antisocial and adaptive behavior was compared among three different types of acculturation style: acculturation, enculturation, and biculturation. The prediction that biculturated individuals will score lower on measures of antisocial behavior and higher on measures of adaptive behavior than their acculturated and enculturated cohorts was not supported. Implications of the findings and the relevance for grouping by acculturation status are discussed.
University of Kansas
2007-09-17
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/3983
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3983/1/umi-ku-2153_1.pdf
4b5e9a34ed687af2aa7830c69613540e
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3983/2/umi-ku-2153_1.pdf.txt
bf3f3ead56964a958aca3e5bc6087510
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Acculturation
Biculturalism
Child and adolescent
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/40422018-01-31T20:08:06Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
What Happens When Low Status Groups Start Moving Up? Prejudice and Threat to Group Position
Nierman, Angela J.
Crandall, Christian S.
Does threat operate as a cause or a consequence of prejudice? Three studies investigated how high status groups respond to low status groups' advances. I hypothesized that gays' status gains are threatening to heterosexuals' privileged group position and lead to anti-gay prejudice, particularly among those high in social dominance orientation (SDO). In Study 1, gays' status was manipulated and participants donated coins to beneficiaries that support, oppose or were unrelated to gay rights. SDO was correlated with more anti-gay donations except when gays were low in status. In Studies 2A and 2B, SDO was correlated with perceived status gains. Study 3 tested the hypothesis that prejudice heightens perceptions of threat by conditioning negative and positive affect toward immigrants and measuring threat posed by economic or political gains. Relative to economic gains, political gains were more threatening to native-born Americans' status, and groups advancing in politics were seen as less warm.
University of Kansas
2007-11-20
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4042
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4042/2/umi-ku-2260_1.pdf.txt
a84037184f7106a3935b6b687a8b225e
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4042/1/umi-ku-2260_1.pdf
b65fc9abd0e71ddc59764ef08fc6d9e9
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
Prejudice
Threat
Social dominance orientation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/108652020-09-24T13:57:03Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Patterns of Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Dementia: An Application of Hierarchical Bayesian Multiphase Models
Langford, Zachary Denver
Johnson, David K.
Little, Todd D.
As the Alzheimer's disease process progresses in time measurements of cognitive functioning exhibit nonlinearity. Multiphase models were used to quantify this nonlinearity for thirty-six well characterized individuals(~12 observations per individual over ~15 years in the study) by partitioning each into a healthy aging phase and a diseased phase. This enabled us to detail both the magnitude and timing that Alzheimer's disease alters different aspects of cognitive function. Estimation of these models was done using Bayesian methods. Eight different outcomes representing three areas of memory functioning(visual, verbal, working) were used to define a pattern of cognitive decline. The earliest phase change was found to be visual memory(~6 years before diagnosis) and was followed by changes in verbal and working memory beginning roughly four years later.
University of Kansas
2012-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/10865
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10865/1/Langford_ku_0099M_12512_DATA_1.pdf
c389e68482e4193efbd60f7475986f52
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10865/2/Langford_ku_0099M_12512_DATA_1.pdf.txt
4c6929a92ecb80ab8d0fce669574ca9a
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
Alzheimer's disease
Bayesian
Cognition
Multiphase
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/112352020-09-29T14:19:21Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A Study of Memory for Completed and Interrupted Tasks Under Varying Degrees of Motivation
Varvel, Walter A.
Brown, J. F.
The University of Kansas
1933
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11235
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11235/1/Varvel_Memory.pdf
1d822adcd5abb5110f2842f388084585
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11235/2/license.txt
c51a2a8181b7df93e55a9d6314ced7e1
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11235/3/Varvel_Memory.pdf.txt
2aa71bc0723c8374d248d551810a8b8a
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/78452020-08-12T13:35:48Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Affect Regulation Modulates Brain Response to Food Pictures in Obese Participants
Patrician, Trisha M.
Hamilton, Nancy A.
Savage, Cary R.
The present study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate whether differences in self-reported emotion regulatory ability are associated with differential patterns of responding to food images. Thirty-five obese individuals were scanned while viewing images of food (Food) and animals (Nonfood) both in both fasted (Pre-meal) and fed (Post-meal) states. Emotion regulation was measured using The Emotion Amplification and Reduction Scales (TEARS), and a subset of the participants were chosen for analyses based on a quartile split of the subscale (Amplification, Reduction) scores, resulting in High and Low TEARS Reduction (HTR, LTR) and High and Low TEARS Amplification (HTA, LTA) groups. HTR versus LTR group differences were found in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). HTA versus LTA group differences were found in OFC, lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC). Findings suggest that differences in emotion regulatory ability are related to differential brain response to food and hunger.
University of Kansas
2011-04-08
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/7845
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/7845/1/Patrician_ku_0099M_11357_DATA_1.pdf
0800fc0e5c687121d7bcf13cb3f0c098
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/7845/2/Patrician_ku_0099M_11357_DATA_1.pdf.txt
579aa77712ad1efd462bcc695df11631
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Brain
Emotion
Obesity
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/209552017-12-08T21:40:51Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
An experimental investigation of the relation between the exposure-times and the interval between exposures in apparent visual movement
Garvey, Chester Roy
University of Kansas
1927
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20955
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20955/1/garvey_1927_3423781.pdf
3ba7d383db91084629db915ebca1c30e
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/20955/2/garvey_1927_3423781.pdf.txt
5e12bc698495ba585b0fcaea4dccefbb
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/117182020-09-30T14:44:41Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Streamlining Missing Data Analysis by Aggregating Multiple Imputations at the Data Level: A Monte Carlo Simulation to Assess the Tenability of the SuperMatrix Approach
Lang, Kyle Matthew
Little, Todd D.
A Monte Carlo Simulation Study was conducted to assess the tenability of a novel treatment of missing data. Through aggregating multiply-imputed data sets prior to model estimation, the proposed technique allows researchers to reap the benefits of a principled missing data tool (i.e., multiple imputation), while maintaining the simplicity of complete case analysis. In terms of the accuracy of model fit indices derived from confirmatory factor analyses, the proposed technique was found to perform universally better than a naive ad hoc technique consisting of averaging the multiple estimates of model fit derived from a traditionally conceived implementation of multiple imputation. However, the proposed technique performed considerably worse in this task than did full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation. Absolute fit indices and residual based fit indices derived from the proposed technique demonstrated an unacceptable degree of bias in assessing direct model fit, but incremental fit indices led to acceptable conclusions regarding model fit. Chi-squared difference values derived from the proposed technique were unbiased across all study conditions (except for those with very poor parameterizations) and were consistently more accurate than such values derived from the ad hoc comparison condition. It was also found that Chi-squared difference values derived from FIML-based models were negatively biased to an unacceptable degree in any conditions with greater than 10% missing. Implications, limitations and future directions of the current work are discussed.
University of Kansas
2013-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11718
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11718/2/Lang_ku_0099M_12634_DATA_1.pdf.txt
f94a0c71cfb17e53bfc9f34ed913b41e
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/11718/1/Lang_ku_0099M_12634_DATA_1.pdf
ea7d3a0a38a0d660b460e5c59a3a8ffb
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
Missing data
Model fit
Monte Carlo simulation
Multiple imputation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/301032021-03-05T16:54:48Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Bidirectional Associations between Affective Empathy and Proactive and Reactive Aggression
Tampke, Elizabeth C
Fite, Paula J.
Background: Preliminary evidence indicates that affective empathy is differentially associated with proactive and reactive functions of aggression, and anger dysregulation may impact these associations. However, more longitudinal research is needed to understand the bidirectional nature of these associations. Examining these potentially bidirectional associations in middle childhood may be particularly important, as this is when significant associations between empathy and aggression first start to become stable and more targeted interventions may be warranted. Objectives: The current study examined the bidirectional associations between affective empathy and proactive and reactive aggression, as well as the moderating influence of anger dysregulation in middle childhood. Methods: Data were collected from 294 elementary school children (3rd-5th graders) and their teachers. Children self-reported on affective empathy and anger dysregulation and teachers reported on children’s proactive and reactive aggression. Data were collected at two time points, approximately six months apart. Results and Conclusions: As predicted, time 1 empathy was inversely associated with time 2 proactive aggression; however, contrary to expectations, time 1 proactive aggression trended towards being positively associated with time 2 empathy. Counter to expectations, time 1 empathy was not significantly association with time 2 reactive aggression; however, as predicted, time 1 reactive aggression was inversely associated with time 2 empathy. Finally, the expectation that anger dysregulation would moderate the links between reactive aggression and affective empathy was not supported. Results indicate that empathy is differentially associated with the functions of aggression over time. Findings and implications are discussed.
University of Kansas
2019-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30103
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/30103/1/Tampke_ku_0099M_16330_DATA_1.pdf
79c7789436db5c81d8aefc2be0b52d25
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/30103/2/Tampke_ku_0099M_16330_DATA_1.pdf.txt
fa575733825e17eaf4cf1e99df54f37e
Copyright held by the author.
Psychology
anger dysregulation
Empathy
middle childhood
Proactive aggression
Reactive aggression
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/244242017-12-08T21:42:11Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
An experimental study of the emergence of insightful behavior
Patton, Ernest Kingston
University of Kansas
1930
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24424
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24424/2/Patton_1930_3425123.pdf.txt
9dfab30efdfd48c332c1695121bb4807
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24424/1/Patton_1930_3425123.pdf
684c882e2cb2d88a0e510db267bb0bd2
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/108562020-09-24T13:21:44Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The Effect of Parental Depression on Cognitive Vulnerability
Williams, Christina Lynne
Ingram, Rick E.
This paper reports on research on the effect of parental depression on cognitive vulnerability to depression. Although there is extensive literature to suggest that parental depression confers depressotypic cognitive thinking in children, no research has examined the effect of this vulnerability factor in young adults. Data were collected from 38 college-age students, who, after being given a negative mood prime, were measured for dysfunctional attitudes, irrational beliefs, and information processing biases. Results showed a difference between the groups on measures of attributional style and endorsement of depressogenic words. High-risk individuals displayed greater depressotypic cognitive thinking. Implications and potential underlying mechanisms are discussed.
University of Kansas
2012-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/10856
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10856/1/Williams_ku_0099M_12471_DATA_1.pdf
6502fd8d10107b89bf912128f8dc744d
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10856/2/Williams_ku_0099M_12471_DATA_1.pdf.txt
1dba367215ed945ca244cfa5fd3a8518
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Cognitive
Depression
Factor
Parental
Risk
Vulnerability
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/42172020-07-21T15:56:37Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Sexist humor: Local and systemic manifestations of privilege and disadvantage
Pickett, Kate M.
Adams, Glenn
The present study emerges from research that discusses a distinction between local and systemic manifestations of oppression. Local context refers to meaning in the immediate situation, whereas systemic context refers to broader meanings. The purpose was to examine effects of simultaneous local privilege and systemic disadvantage on motivation and performance outcomes. Specifically, it examined effects of sexist humor using three conditions--women-disparaging, men-disparaging, and control jokes--on women's career interest and math performance. The men-disparaging condition provided a test of simultaneous privilege in the local context of men-disparaging jokes, but systemic disadvantage in context of a math setting. Tentative results suggest effects of local and systemic context may be contingent upon the domain of interest. Women's interest in masculine careers increased in the men-disparaging condition. Women indicated standardized tests were more unfair and showed a pattern of lower math performance in both gender-disparaging conditions.
University of Kansas
2008-07-29
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4217
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4217/2/umi-ku-2608_1.pdf.txt
bfb25983701db8cdf15d0d5c660ae848
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4217/1/umi-ku-2608_1.pdf
54cba0e5bea9605d31cc5da63b18a746
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
Sexist humor
Local
Systemic
Sexism
Math
Gender
Disparagement humor
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/64432020-08-04T12:54:06Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Self-Silencing and Well-Being among Turkish Women
Kurtiş, Tuğçe
Adams, Glenn
“Silencing the Self” theory (STST; Jack, 1991) posits that societal devaluation of female–related self promotes self–silencing among women in romantic relationships and thereby threatens their well–being. A cultural psychological (CP) perspective suggests that these dynamics may reflect the location of STST in cultural worlds that promote “independent” constructions of self. Drawing upon a CP analysis, the present study considers the hypothesis that implications of silence for well–being may be less damaging in Turkish settings that promote more “interdependent” constructions of self. Consistent with this hypothesis, but inconsistent with previous research, results of a survey study revealed that two dimensions of Silencing the Self Scale—self–silencing and care as self–sacrifice— were unrelated to relationship satisfaction and depression. Discussion considers implications for women's silence and well-being in Turkish contexts.
University of Kansas
2010-04-28
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6443
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6443/1/Kurtis_ku_0099M_10836_DATA_1.pdf
d4c5098aafe3fc8bf20c68ba6c9079ca
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6443/2/Kurtis_ku_0099M_10836_DATA_1.pdf.txt
29b0609da8fcd0c0cf1b2607acfcd43d
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
Self-construal
Self-silencing
Turkish women
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/42232020-07-21T15:42:41Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Measuring Desire for Control in the Childbirth Environment
Stevens, Natalie R.
Hamilton, Nancy A.
The experience of childbirth has demonstrable impact on a new mother's postpartum adjustment. The substantial prevalence of negative childbirth experiences has lead researchers to investigate factors characterizing positive versus negative experiences. Researchers have questioned whether congruence between desired and perceived control influences childbirth satisfaction. The current study was designed to develop an instrument to assess desire for control. Items were modified from three original instruments and administered to pregnant women recruited from outpatient obstetric clinics and online. Twenty-one items loaded on a single common factor reflecting desire for behavioral control in the childbirth setting. Four items loaded on a second factor reflecting desire for information. The 21 item scale (DCCh-B) discriminated from self-efficacy and health locus of control. Women who reported higher desire for control were more likely to choose non-traditional caregivers and labor support. Results of these preliminary analyses are presented with recommendations for future development of the DCCh-B.
University of Kansas
2008-07-28
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/4223
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4223/1/umi-ku-2600_1.pdf
6e641aead4a367e86e98abcf62929869
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/4223/2/umi-ku-2600_1.pdf.txt
56fa24901e56a340231b2331d7febbd5
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Health sciences
Obstetrics and gynecology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/108672020-09-23T14:29:36Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Examining the Impact of Anxiety Symptoms on Relations between Reactive and Proactive Aggression and the Quality and Stability of Children's Best Friendships
Hendrickson, Michelle Lynn
Fite, Paula J.
The current study examined anxiety symptoms as a moderator of the relation between reactive and proactive aggression and the quality and stability of children's relationships with their best friend. An at-risk sample of 132 (55% male; 73% African American) 5 to 14-year-old children from low-income families was recruited from a community center that offered childcare to underserved populations. Data were collected at baseline and two months later, with the second wave of data collection yielding a sample of 79 children. Structural equation modeling was used to examine relations between baseline levels of reactive and proactive aggression and friendship quality and stability two months later. Additionally, anxiety symptoms measured at baseline were examined as a moderator of the relations between these functions of aggression and the quality and stability of children's best friendships. Contrary to hypotheses, no first order effects were found for either reactive or proactive aggression predicting friendship quality or stability. A first order effect was found in which child anxiety predicted a greater likelihood of friendship instability. However, levels of anxiety symptoms were not found to influence perceived level of friendship quality. Additionally, anxiety was not found to moderate the relations between reactive or proactive aggression and either friendship success variable. Post-hoc analyses failed to find differences for gender or age.
University of Kansas
2012-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/10867
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10867/1/Hendrickson_ku_0099M_12451_DATA_1.pdf
07c24f8bac6e109dd67e430075f628d0
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10867/2/Hendrickson_ku_0099M_12451_DATA_1.pdf.txt
c847667c577471b741c32b2bf0c6a57a
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Developmental psychology
Anxiety
At-risk
Best friendships
Children
Proactive aggression
Reactive aggression
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/241832018-12-27T17:28:09Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Associations between family environment characteristics and mental health outcomes for youth in foster care: Residential versus traditional foster care placements
Stone, Kathaleen Jo
Jackson, Yo
Foster care is meant to provide a safe, temporary out-of-home placement for children when biological caregivers are unable to care for them, yet little is known about how youth and foster caregivers perceive these new family environments and how characteristics may be impacting youth mental health. The current study evaluated youth and caregiver report of family cohesion, family conflict, family expressiveness, and youth externalizing and internalizing symptoms. The sample included 503 youth in foster care (M = 13.15 years old, SD = 3.08) and their caregivers. It was expected that family cohesion and expressiveness would be negatively associated and family conflict would be positively associated with youth internalizing and externalizing problems and that placement type (i.e., traditional foster home or residential) would moderate the associations. Researchers predicted youth would report significantly different mean scores for family environment variables compared to caregivers. The results indicated that youth and caregiver reports of family conflict were positively associated with externalizing problems. Additionally, caregiver and youth reports of family cohesion were negatively associated with internalizing problems, while youth report of family conflict was positively associated. Placement type did not moderate the association between family environment variables and youth mental health outcomes. Finally, caregivers reported significantly higher scores for family cohesion than youth. Results indicate that characteristics of the foster family environment are uniquely associated with youth mental health outcomes. Therefore, examination of foster family environments provides information of the additive impact on maladaptive outcomes for youth.
University of Kansas
2016-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24183
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24183/1/Stone_ku_0099M_14981_DATA_1.pdf
1fbb2dbd1f9f02a117ebc47eff423306
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24183/2/Stone_ku_0099M_14981_DATA_1.pdf.txt
e7e403acd248afe9eff5396f0fad9807
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24183/4/24183.pdf
9e8a2b7a11ac1f08602eb21b62aa7a43
Copyright held by the author.
Clinical psychology
externalizing symptoms
family cohesion
family conflict
foster care
internalizing symptoms
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/108622020-09-23T14:23:10Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Factor Structure of the Parenting Attitudes and Approaches Survey in a Nationally Representative Sample of Head Start Parents
Kanine, Rebecca Marie
Jackson, Yo
Parenting has an influential role in early child development and is a common variable of interest in research on child development. The present study examined the factor structure of the Parenting Attitudes and Approaches Survey (PAAS) in a nationally representative sample of 2,685 parents of children attending Head Start. The PAAS is a 13-item questionnaire designed to assess for authoritative and authoritarian parenting, parental warmth, and parental energy. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis determined that the four-factor model provided poor to adequate fit to the data. To better identify the factor structure of the PAAS, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted on a randomly assigned half of the sample (n = 1,359) of parents of youth enrolled in Head Start from the FACES database. Results suggested a two-factor solution using 11 items. Factor 1 reflected warm/responsive parenting with consistent disciplining approaches, while Factor 2 reflected a harsh, inconsistent approach to discipline. The two-factor model was then confirmed in the remaining half of the sample (n = 1,339) and demonstrated an adequate to close fit to the data (χ2 (41) = 132.253 (p < .001), RMSEA = .041 (90% CI = .033-.049), SRMR = .037, and TLI = .880) with improved factor loadings and residual variances compared to the original four-factor model. Results support the notion that warm, responsive parents tend to report the use of consistent discipline, while parents endorsing the use of harsh discipline tend to also report the use of inconsistent discipline strategies. Implications of the results for the assessment of parenting in future research are discussed.
University of Kansas
2012-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/10862
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10862/1/Kanine_ku_0099M_12449_DATA_1.pdf
6d4bf68eef81afb96590d286c11e06a8
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/10862/2/Kanine_ku_0099M_12449_DATA_1.pdf.txt
2731659510b41acc56ada89b88b4633d
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Quantitative psychology
Psychometrics
Psychology
Confirmatory factor analysis
Exploratory factor analysis
Family and child experiences survey (faces)
Head start
Parenting attitudes and approaches survey
Parenting measure
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/53972020-07-24T14:48:07Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Construction of Sexual Self-Image and Acquiescing to Sexual Pressure in a Sample of College Women: A Prospective Study
Goodman, Danya Laura
Muehlenhard, Charlene L.
This study investigates the connections between giving in to unwanted sexual activity (USA) and self-esteem. There is evidence that USA relates to low self-esteem. Critiques of the concept of self-esteem have distinguished between global self-esteem and self-esteem in specific domains. According to research, global self-esteem is associated with general psychological well-being, whereas specific self-esteem is associated with actual behavior. In a sample of 141 college women, who completed a questionnaire three months apart, a measure of traumatic sexuality (often a consequence of childhood sexual abuse) at Time 1 related positively to risk of giving in to unwanted sexual activity at Time 2. General self-esteem at Time 1 did not relate to giving in to unwanted sexual activity at Time 2. Of women who experienced pressured sexual activity, lower general and sexual self-esteem scores correlated with reasons for giving in to the sexual activity related to avoiding relationship tension.
University of Kansas
2008-11-06
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5397
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5397/1/Goodman_ku_0099M_10010_DATA_1.pdf
33ef778b33490fd12e291dec248dc977
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5397/2/Goodman_ku_0099M_10010_DATA_1.pdf.txt
23a03816940190d5e5096d75190e9f51
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Prospective
Sexual coercion
Sexual pressure
Sexual self-esteem
Sexual self-image
Traumatic sexuality
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/97412020-07-14T14:42:22Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
An Examination of the Acute Effects of Bright Light Therapy in a Non-Clinical Sample
Botanov, Yevgeny
Ilardi, Stephen S.
The integral role of light in physiological and psychological well-being is illustrated by the application of phototherapy, or bright light therapy (BLT), in treating mood disorders such as seasonal affective disorder and non-seasonal depression. More recently, BLT has been applied in treating jet lag due to transmeridian travel, complications from shift work, and disorders of sleeping and waking. Despite the numerous potential applications of BLT, deleterious side effects have not been fully explored in a non-clinical population. Thus, I examined the acute side effects (nausea, headache, blurred vision, eye strain) of a single 30-minute exposure of bright white light (10,000 lux) therapy and a comparison dim red light (<500 lux) in non-depressed sample of young adults, with a focus on the potential moderating role of depressive symptoms. Linear regressions revealed no significant main effects for light. However, self-reported nausea and total side effect intensity significantly decreased in response to white light, but not red light, for those with greater depressive symptomatology. In addition, a repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed a significant group-by-time interaction for sad mood, which decreased at a higher rate in the white light condition compared to the red light condition. Also, a post-hoc analysis revealed a significant increase in eye strain for both conditions, with no significant difference between them. These results suggest that the high prevalence of acute adverse side effects in the extant BLT literature may not fully apply to non-clinical populations.
University of Kansas
2011-12-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/9741
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/9741/2/Botanov_ku_0099M_11914_DATA_1.pdf.txt
315be82be2324fe9465082a7706407c3
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/9741/1/Botanov_ku_0099M_11914_DATA_1.pdf
06f20be62e340ef9228e8fee635069cd
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Illumination
Phototherapy
Safety
Side effects (treatment)
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/54272020-07-24T13:23:58Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
International relations, covert action and secret detention: The perceptual theory of legitimacy and government decision making
Cox, Owen
Crandall, Christian S.
Governments are driven by a desire by to maintain their legitimacy, and so must take public perception into account in its decision making. We present four studies using the Perceptual Theory of Legitimacy (Crandall & Beasley, 2001) to explain why public perception matters to the government. Following our hypotheses that the public is motivated to have a consistent view of countries, governments, and people that it sees as related, we present evidence in our first study that the public links its perceptions of foreign governments to their alliance with the United States. The second study shows that manipulating the perceived level of democracy in Iran can affectively change the perception of its alliance with the United States. Likewise manipulating Iran's perceived level of alliance with the United States can affectively change the perceived level of democracy in Iran. As Iran's democracy increases so does its alliance and vice versa. The next two studies show that these public perceptions are linked to government action. We provide evidence that the United States is motivated by public perception in its decisions to use military force against other nations and in its detention of combatants in the "war on terror." The third study shows that when aggressing against other nations the United States uses covert actions at a greater rate against democracies than non-democracies. Likewise, the study shows that combatants from democracies apprehended in the "war on terror" are more likely to be subjected to extraordinary rendition than those apprehended from non-democracies. Both these studies are used as evidence of the government's desire to hide actions that the public would perceive as illegitimate.
University of Kansas
2009-04-28
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5427
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5427/1/Cox_ku_0099M_10357_DATA_1.pdf
bfd88a9df8592f52219dff747055e5fd
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5427/2/Cox_ku_0099M_10357_DATA_1.pdf.txt
da2d4a14a3f494446a711b5b0f8fca73
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Social psychology
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/233082020-06-23T18:45:24Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A study of after-images, influences of the after-image on memory and perception
Clendenon, Claude Wendell
University of Kansas
1932
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/23308
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23308/1/clendenon_1932_3425243.pdf
a46cb7b930b710e7248689c4a29fd2d1
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/23308/2/clendenon_1932_3425243.pdf.txt
e03775dcb9b5b78b3e82a5630d78ff10
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/122032020-10-14T13:57:40Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Effects of Single-Group Membership Valence and Social Identity Threat on Intragroup Singlism
Benson, Marguerite E.
Branscombe, Nyla R.
The social identity perspective guided this investigation of the impact of single-group membership valence and social identity threat on the expression of intragroup singlism. Social identity, in an intergroup context, was made salient by asking participants to self-categorize as single or married. The psychological experience of single-group membership was varied (positive or negative) along with social identity threat (social identity threat absent or present) in a between-subjects factorial design (N = 191); participant gender was included as an exploratory variable. A significant interaction between participant gender and single-group membership valence revealed that men in the positive valence condition felt more pride in single-group membership than men in the negative valence condition. Women's pride in single-group membership was intermediate compared to men, and was not affected by the single-group membership valence manipulation. Participants in the social identity threat absent condition, where single-group members were said to be advantaged compared to married-group members, felt more pride in single-group membership than participants in the social identity threat present condition where single-group members were said to be disadvantaged compared to married-group members. Although pride in single-group membership was negatively correlated with the three components of the intragroup singlism measure, the predicted interaction between single-group membership valence and social identity threat on intragroup singlism was not obtained. Providing support for the idea that intragroup singlism is widespread, the current research confirmed that young single adults felt more positive toward married people than toward single people, even though the latter was currently their own ingroup.
University of Kansas
2013-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12203
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/12203/1/Benson_ku_0099M_12930_DATA_1.pdf
76d66fd89c6dcc4892395ec5b0fb3ca4
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/12203/2/Benson_ku_0099M_12930_DATA_1.pdf.txt
3391f2b3b4108e1955ce94a6a83ac89c
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Psychology
Identity
Prejudice
Self-categorization
Single
Stereotyping
Threat
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/60182020-07-29T14:45:01Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The Role of Hope in the Academic and Sport Achievements of
Boldridge, Elizabeth
Ilardi, Stephen S.
Previous investigations have observed that elevated hope is a significant predictor of both academic and athletic achievement among male and female track and field student athletes, even when controlling statistically for natural athletic ability. Little is known, however, about the influence of hope in other athletic domains. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between hope and academic and athletic performance - operationalized as GPA and playing time, respectively - among 100 Division I football players at a large mid-western university followed over the span of three seasons. Based on past research it was predicted that higher hope would be associated with increased academic and football-related performance. Likewise, it was predicted that domain-specific hope (i.e., hope regarding academic and athletic domains of achievement, respectively) would yield more robust prediction than would a general, nonspecific measure of trait hope. As expected, hope was positively associated with academic achievement, both concurrently and prospectively. However, it was inversely correlated with athletic achievement (playing time) in a subset of relevant analyses even when controlling statistically for natural physical ability. Domain-specific measures of academic and athletic hope proved to be largely unrelated to performance indices in their respective domains.
University of Kansas
2009-11-07
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/6018
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6018/2/Boldridge_ku_0099M_10601_DATA_1.pdf.txt
45afc34f60d44857910c87ae597c1a37
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/6018/1/Boldridge_ku_0099M_10601_DATA_1.pdf
12be553f6d5aaf89c4a9de739385bec2
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Hope
Psychology
Sport
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/55052020-07-24T16:00:11Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Source Memory in Individuals with Subclinical Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Olson, Christy Ann
Hamilton, Nancy A.
Savage, Cary R.
Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder often complain of poor memory and results of neuropsychological research have demonstrated impairments, particularly on tasks involving strategic processing. Past research has relied heavily on highly structured tasks where subjects are told exactly what to do. However, memory deficits may be more apparent for unstructured visuospatial tasks. This study examined performance on such a task. In the present study we sought to test source and item memory using an ecologically valid paradigm -The Memory for Rooms Test (MFRT) - a four-room task in which participants attempted to remember objects in the context of rooms. In addition, we sought to examine verbal and nonverbal memory in individuals with subclinical OCD using the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT). On the MFRT, Individuals with subclinical OC symptoms performed more poorly on item recognition. No impairments were found in terms of source memory. On the CVLT and RCFT, individuals with subclinical obsessive symptoms were less likely to utilize efficient organizational strategies. Our results demonstrate impairments in some aspects of organization and memory in individuals with subclinical obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
University of Kansas
2009-03-30
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/5505
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5505/1/Olson_ku_0099M_10223_DATA_1.pdf
731fc097fef4495a6895b849e78ca3e1
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/5505/2/Olson_ku_0099M_10223_DATA_1.pdf.txt
6ee190fb4d46eda435ce7c883b1588b9
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Memory
OCD
Source
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/39962018-01-31T20:08:15Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Body Dissatisfaction, Weight Criticism, and Self-Reported Physical Activity in Preadolescent Children
Jensen, Chad David
Steele, Ric G.
The dramatic increase in the prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity underscores the importance of efforts to increase physical activity levels among children. However, research has demonstrated that negative social interactions (i.e. weight criticism, peer victimization) can lead to lower levels of physical activity. In this study a community sample of 376 5th and 6th grade students completed measures of physical activity, weight criticism during physical activity, and body dissatisfaction. Girls who reported experiencing high levels of weight criticism and high body dissatisfaction engaged in significantly fewer vigorous activities than peers who experienced criticism in the absence of body dissatisfaction. These findings highlight the important role of body dissatisfaction in girl's propensity to engage in physical activity and lend support to prevention efforts designed to reduce body dissatisfaction and weight criticism among girls.
University of Kansas
2008-05-29
Thesis
EN
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/3996
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3996/2/umi-ku-2464_1.pdf.txt
9bd2965cd4722be32b4302be9afef916
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/3996/1/umi-ku-2464_1.pdf
50d8a39f263f061efe222e0862a5e2d4
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Clinical psychology
Body dissatisfaction
Weight criticism
Physical activity
Children
Body mass index
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/279632019-08-27T18:10:28Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Benefit Finding Promotes Moral Obligations to Other Victimized Groups
Ball, Thomas C
Branscombe, Nyla R
Reminders of past injustice against one’s ingroup propels group members to seek meaning. A central means of that is benefit finding, which involves thinking about positive consequences of negative events. The meaning derived from benefit finding may include lessons learned, strength gained, and so forth. Prior research demonstrates that focusing on the lessons derived from past victimization can promote feelings of moral obligation among members of victimized groups toward other victims of injustice. We test the effect of benefit finding on moral obligations toward other minorities in a set of three experiments. In Studies 1 (N = 92 Jewish Americans) and 2 (N = 306 American gay men), we conceptually replicate previous findings by measuring moral obligations toward other minority groups after a direct manipulation of benefit finding. Consistent with previous work, participants randomly assigned to consider the positive consequences of a past negative experience reported higher moral obligations to members of other minority groups than participants who thought about negative consequences of the same negative event. In Study 3 (N = 269 American gay men), we extend this line of research by testing the influence of perceived severity (of injustice) in the relationship between benefit finding and moral obligations toward other minority groups. We found evidence of unique mechanisms through which benefit finding and perceived severity predict moral obligations; specifically, the indirect effect of benefit finding on moral obligations was mediated by posttraumatic growth, and the indirect effect of perceived severity on moral obligations was mediated by just world beliefs. We discuss future directions for this research, including direct comparisons between victims and observers of injustice, and implications, such as promoting solidarity between members of different marginalized groups.
University of Kansas
2018-08-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27963
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27963/2/Ball_ku_0099M_16023_DATA_1.pdf.txt
0c66ef8dc55d67924cfc448d783f9686
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/27963/1/Ball_ku_0099M_16023_DATA_1.pdf
927fce03a01b9cd06b05bef3715e4e23
Copyright held by the author.
Social psychology
benefit finding
intergroup relations
just world beliefs
morality
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307662020-10-07T08:00:50Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
Cognitive process modeling of spatial ability: a construct validity study of an assembling object task
Ivie, Jennifer L.
The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive processes involved in completing a spatial task in which a participant must mentally assemble a two-dimensional objects. These tasks are used to measure spatial ability on tests such as the Revised Minnesota Paper Form Board Test. Two studies were completed to support a cognitive processing model, previously proposed by Embretson and Gorin (2001), for stages a participant must go through to solve this problem type. In the first study, data from a large group of students from the University of Kansas was used to discover what variables could be manipulated within each item to effect item difficulty and mean response time. Multiple regression models and linear logistic latent trait models were used to measure the impact of each variable on its respective cognitive processing stage. Finally, an eye tracker study was done on ten students from the University of Kansas to further support the proposed cognitive processing model. A qualitative analysis of the data generally supported the proposed cognitive model, but also indicated necessary revisions.
University of Kansas
2002-12-31
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30766
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/30766/1/ivie_2002_3003576.pdf
6692dc6cede7d3ae63a222be33163e3d
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/30766/2/license.txt
c51a2a8181b7df93e55a9d6314ced7e1
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/30766/3/ivie_2002_3003576.pdf.txt
84ce3d6a5733e28f63751c875c77f692
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/245432017-12-08T21:42:11Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
A study in the learning of a complex motor performance
Roff, Merrill Flagg
University of Kansas
1930
Thesis
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24543
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24543/2/Roff_1930_3425130.pdf.txt
f73afd5e6fe9fbac9e006517870af394
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/24543/1/Roff_1930_3425130.pdf
4593a554c4b0e2e3d5bb9340f315bf5b
This work is in the public domain and is available for users to copy, use, and redistribute in part or in whole. No known restrictions apply to the work.
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/258192018-01-31T23:29:56Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
SUBJECTIVITY UNCERTAINTY THEORY OF PREJUDICE: HOW LEARNING GOAL MOTIVES REDUCE EXPRESSIONS OF SUBTLE RACIAL BIAS
Mosley, Ariel Jasmine
Landau, Mark J
When people are in situations when they want to have a positive social interaction with someone of a different race, but also feel uncertain about what exactly they should do or say, they may be more likely to express prejudice. Endorsing a learning goal may have the potential to significantly attenuate and possibly revert the adverse effects of subjectivity uncertainty on prejudice. We sought to examine how target race, subjectivity uncertainty, and goal orientations interact to influence subtle and overt expressions of prejudice. Caucasian-American respondents (N = 340) read letters from a White or Black international student. Some were made to feel uncertain about effectively interacting with the student, while others were made to feel confident. Participants were then exposed to learning goals, or performance goals, and wrote letters in response to the target. Confirming predictions, we show that when participants felt uncertain about interacting with a Black target, those who endorsed learning goals displayed less subtle prejudice on multiple indicators (p < .045). These findings extend the work on aversive racism theory (Gaertner & Dovidio, 1989), subjectivity uncertainty theory (Landau et al., 2012), and goal orientations theory (Elliot & Dweck, 1988). Implications for improving intergroup relations are discussed.
University of Kansas
2016-05-31
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25819
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/25819/1/Mosley_ku_0099M_15167_DATA_1.pdf
1d4c376c036794f1e75b808aeb7f1164
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/25819/2/Mosley_ku_0099M_15167_DATA_1.pdf.txt
cce742beda3ab4d6c81c4972c106522d
Copyright held by the author.
Social psychology
Goals
Motivation
Prejudice
Prejudice Reduction
Racial Bias
Subjectivity Uncertainty
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/79032020-08-11T14:18:48Zcom_1808_89com_1808_1260col_1808_14037col_1808_1951
The role of positive facial feedback in the stress response
Kraft, Tara L.
Pressman, Sarah D.
This study investigated whether the old adage "grin and bear it" has proven value by testing how covert and overt manipulation of facial expression influences affective and physiological responses to stress. One hundred and sixty-nine healthy college students were recruited for a "multitasking study," which involved holding chopsticks in the mouth while simultaneously completing two stressful tasks. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the following conditions per the orientation of the chopsticks in their mouths: no smiling (control), Duchenne smiling, or non-Duchenne smiling. Awareness was also manipulated with one half of participants in each smiling condition specifically told to smile and the other half not (N=55 and 57, respectively). State affect changes were assessed at baseline and after each stress task using a short form of the Profile of Mood States, and change scores for positive and negative affect (average PA and NA during each task minus average baseline PA and NA) were used in an analysis of variance to test whether individuals experienced emotional changes concordant with their condition. Group differences in cardiovascular reactivity were examined using analysis of variance with change scores (average cardiovascular activity (heart rate, pulse, and blood pressure) during each task minus average cardiovascular activity at baseline). Repeated measures analysis of variance was employed with pulse and heart rate time points throughout each recovery period to examine group differences in cardiovascular recovery. In all analyses, the following variables were controlled for based on associations with the relevant cardiovascular DV: age; race; sex; body mass index (BMI); baseline perceived stress; sleep; smoking; alcohol use; exercise; condition adherence; perceived task difficulty; reported task facial muscle fatigue; and perceived task stress. Results indicated that non-aware participants in the smiling conditions (M = -0.32) reported less of a decrease in positive affect during a stressful task than individuals in the neutral group (M = -0.65), F(1, 71) = 4.21, p < 0.05, supporting the facial feedback hypothesis (i.e., smiling buffered the negative impact of stress). Generally, smiling had no consistent impact on the stress reactivity of participants as compared to non-smilers across cardiovascular outcomes and tasks. On the other hand, smiling showed widespread effects on cardiovascular recovery, with the smiling groups, regardless of awareness or type of smile, consistently returning closer to baseline levels of cardiovascular activity at the end of the recovery periods following both stress tasks. Practical implications of this relationship between facial feedback, affect, and the stress response are discussed.
University of Kansas
2011-04-01
Thesis
en
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/7903
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/7903/2/Kraft_ku_0099M_11340_DATA_1.pdf.txt
e4e8cd0e43b037f06ecccd769f07b9dc
https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/1808/7903/1/Kraft_ku_0099M_11340_DATA_1.pdf
c250e690770e09b1d539760c57964ca3
This item is protected by copyright and unless otherwise specified the copyright of this thesis/dissertation is held by the author.
Psychology
Affect
Cardiovascular stress reactivity
Cardiovascular stress recovery
Facial feedback hypothesis
Smile
uketd_dc///col_1808_14037/100