2024-03-28T19:11:30Zhttps://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/oai/requestoai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/294602020-01-30T20:22:50Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Panchal, Apurva
author
Perez-Marques, Francesca
author
2019-01-15
Panchal A, Perez‐Marques F. Intravenous immunoglobulin for acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis refractory to plasmapheresis. Clin Case Rep. 2019;7:160–163. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.1843
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29460
10.1002/ccr3.1843
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-1237
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis
autoimmune encephalitis
Children
intravenous immunoglobulin
plasmapheresis
Intravenous immunoglobulin for acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis refractory to plasmapheresis
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/260562018-02-22T09:01:58Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Brock, Susan R.
author
Parmely, Michael J.
author
2017-12-19
Francisella tularensis has developed a number of effective evasion strategies to counteract host immune defenses, not the least of which is its ability to interact with the complement system to its own advantage. Following exposure of the bacterium to fresh human serum, complement is activated and C3b and iC3b can be found covalently attached to the bacterial surface. However, the lipopolysaccharide and capsule of the F. tularensis cell wall prevent complement-mediated lysis and endow the bacterium with serum resistance. Opsonization of F. tularensis with C3 greatly increases its uptake by human neutrophils, dendritic cells and macrophages. Uptake occurs by an unusual looping morphology in human macrophages. Complement receptor 3 is thought to play an important role in opsonophagocytosis by human macrophages, and signaling through this receptor can antagonize Toll-like receptor 2-initiated macrophage activation. Complement C3 also determines the survival of infected human macrophages and perhaps other cell types. C3-opsonization of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis strain SCHU S4 results in greatly increased death of infected human macrophages, which requires more than complement receptor engagement and is independent of the intracellular replication by the pathogen. Given its entry into the cytosol of host cells, F. tularensis has the potential for a number of other complement-mediated interactions. Studies on the uptake C3-opsonized adenovirus have suggested the existence of a C3 sensing system that initiates cellular responses to cytosolic C3b present on invading microbes. Here we propose that C3 peptides enter the cytosol of human macrophages following phagosome escape of F. tularensis and are recognized as intruding molecular patterns that signal host cell death. With the discovery of new roles for intracellular C3, a better understanding of tularemia pathogenesis is likely to emerge.
Brock, S. R., & Parmely, M. J. (2017). Francisella tularensis confronts the complement system. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 7, 523.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26056
10.3389/fcimb.2017.00523
Cell death
Complement
C3
Francisella tularensis
Macrophage
Francisella tularensis Confronts the Complement System
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/127132018-11-01T16:25:17Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_5423col_1808_11675col_1808_5425
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Suderman, Ryan
author
Deeds, Eric J.
author
2013-10-10
Despite the importance of intracellular signaling networks, there is currently no consensus regarding the fundamental nature of the protein complexes such networks employ. One prominent view involves stable signaling machines with well-defined quaternary structures. The combinatorial complexity of signaling networks has led to an opposing perspective, namely that signaling proceeds via heterogeneous pleiomorphic ensembles of transient complexes. Since many hypotheses regarding network function rely on how we conceptualize signaling complexes, resolving this issue is a central problem in systems biology. Unfortunately, direct experimental characterization of these complexes has proven technologically difficult, while combinatorial complexity has prevented traditional modeling methods from approaching this question. Here we employ rule-based modeling, a technique that overcomes these limitations, to construct a model of the yeast pheromone signaling network. We found that this model exhibits significant ensemble character while generating reliable responses that match experimental observations. To contrast the ensemble behavior, we constructed a model that employs hierarchical assembly pathways to produce scaffold-based signaling machines. We found that this machine model could not replicate the experimentally observed combinatorial inhibition that arises when the scaffold is overexpressed. This finding provides evidence against the hierarchical assembly of machines in the pheromone signaling network and suggests that machines and ensembles may serve distinct purposes in vivo. In some cases, e.g. core enzymatic activities like protein synthesis and degradation, machines assembled via hierarchical energy landscapes may provide functional stability for the cell. In other cases, such as signaling, ensembles may represent a form of weak linkage, facilitating variation and plasticity in network evolution. The capacity of ensembles to signal effectively will ultimately shape how we conceptualize the function, evolution and engineering of signaling networks.
Suderman R, Deeds EJ (2013) Machines vs. Ensembles: Effective MAPK Signaling through Heterogeneous Sets of Protein Complexes. PLoS Comput Biol 9(10): e1003278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003278
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12713
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003278
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5604-1387
Machines vs. Ensembles: Effective MAPK Signaling through Heterogeneous Sets of Protein Complexes
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115452018-10-31T15:23:00Zcom_1808_1069com_1808_11673com_1808_275col_1808_7465col_1808_11675col_1808_745
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Politzer-Ahles, Stephen
author
Fiorentino, Robert
author
2013-05-16
Scalar inference is the phenomenon whereby the use of a less informative term (e.g., some of) is inferred to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g., to mean not all of). Default processing accounts assume that the interpretation of some of as meaning not all of is realized easily and automatically (regardless of context), whereas context-driven processing accounts assume that it is realized effortfully and only in certain contexts. In the present study, participants’ self-paced reading times were recorded as they read vignettes in which the context did or did not bias the participants to make a scalar inference (to interpret some of as meaning not all of). The reading times suggested that the realization of the inference was influenced by the context, but did not provide evidence for processing cost at the time the inference is realized, contrary to the predictions of context-driven processing accounts. The results raise the question of why inferencing occurs only in certain contexts if it does not involve extra processing effort.
Politzer-Ahles, Stephen and Fiorentino, Robert. (2013) The Realization of Scalar Inferences: Context Sensitivity without Processing Cost. Plos One, 8.5: 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063943
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11545
10.1371/journal.pone.0063943
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5474-7930
The Realization of Scalar Inferences: Context Sensitivity without Processing Cost
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/127212018-12-27T19:25:28Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_5423col_1808_11675col_1808_5425
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Meinhardt, Sarah
author
Manley, Michael W., Jr.
author
Parente, Daniel Joseph
author
Swint-Kruse, Liskin
author
2013-12-30
The millions of protein sequences generated by genomics are expected to transform protein engineering and personalized medicine. To achieve these goals, tools for predicting outcomes of amino acid changes must be improved. Currently, advances are hampered by insufficient experimental data about nonconserved amino acid positions. Since the property “nonconserved” is identified using a sequence alignment, we designed experiments to recapitulate that context: Mutagenesis and functional characterization was carried out in 15 LacI/GalR homologs (rows) at 12 nonconserved positions (columns). Multiple substitutions were made at each position, to reveal how various amino acids of a nonconserved column were tolerated in each protein row. Results showed that amino acid preferences of nonconserved positions were highly context-dependent, had few correlations with physico-chemical similarities, and were not predictable from their occurrence in natural LacI/GalR sequences. Further, unlike the “toggle switch” behaviors of conserved positions, substitutions at nonconserved positions could be rank-ordered to show a “rheostatic”, progressive effect on function that spanned several orders of magnitude. Comparisons to various sequence analyses suggested that conserved and strongly co-evolving positions act as functional toggles, whereas other important, nonconserved positions serve as rheostats for modifying protein function. Both the presence of rheostat positions and the sequence analysis strategy appear to be generalizable to other protein families and should be considered when engineering protein modifications or predicting the impact of protein polymorphisms.
Meinhardt S, Manley MW Jr, Parente DJ, Swint-Kruse L (2013) Rheostats and Toggle Switches for Modulating Protein Function. PLoS ONE 8(12): e83502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0083502
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12721
10.1371/journal.pone.0083502
Rheostats and Toggle Switches for Modulating Protein Function
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/316912021-06-24T08:00:46Zcom_1808_84com_1808_11673col_1808_85col_1808_11675
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Gorycki, Kathryn A.
author
Ruppel, Paula R.
author
Zane, Thomas
author
2020-09-23
Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is a common treatment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In a recent volume of this journal, Sanvodal-Norton and Shkedy (2019) published a criticism of behavior analysis including the professionals and entire field as a discipline—of demonstrating unethical behavior, creating prompt dependency in the learners, destroying internal motivation, and refusing to collaborate with new and other treatment philosophies. The current paper is a response to the these claims by providing several examples of peer-reviewed studies that contradicts the authors’ arguments, and summarizing the information of the included study’s findings by and other objective. The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that, contrary to the perspectives of Sanvodal-Norton and Shkedy (2019), ABA is scientific approach that identifies environmental variables that influence socially significant behaviors and develop strategies to cause behavior change that is practical and applicable, improve educational outcomes, and provide real-life support for parents and families who are seeking treatment for their loved one with ASD. In doing so, this paper will demonstrate that ABA is an efficacious approach that is supported by numerous scientific studies in the peer-reviewed literature.
Kathryn A. Gorycki, Paula R. Ruppel & Thomas Zane | (2020) Is long-term ABA therapy abusive: A response to Sandoval-Norton and Shkedy, Cogent Psychology, 7:1, 1823615, DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2020.1823615
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31691
10.1080/23311908.2020.1823615
Autism spectrum disorder
Applied behavior analysis
Behavior analysis
Ethics
Treatment
Is long-term ABA therapy abusive: A response to Sandoval-Norton and Shkedy
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/317032021-06-25T08:00:41Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Vopat, Matthew L.
author
Coda, Reed G.
author
Giusti, Nick E.
author
Baker, Jordan
author
Tarakemeh, Armin
author
Schroeppel, John P.
author
Mullen, Scott
author
Randall, Jeffrey
author
Provencher, Matthew T.
author
Vopat, Bryan G.
author
2021-05-25
Background:
The glenohumeral joint is one of the most frequently dislocated joints in the body, particularly in young, active adults.
Purpose:
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate and compare outcomes between anterior versus posterior shoulder instability.
Study Design:
Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods:
A systematic review was performed using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and MEDLINE databases (from inception to September 2019) according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Studies were included if they were published in the English language, contained outcomes after anterior or posterior shoulder instability, had at least 1 year of follow-up, and included arthroscopic soft tissue labral repair of either anterior or posterior instability. Outcomes including return-to-sport (RTS) rate, postoperative instability rate, and pre- and postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were recorded and analyzed.
Results:
Overall, 39 studies were included (2077 patients; 1716 male patients and 361 female patients). Patients with anterior instability had a mean age of 23.45 ± 5.40 years (range, 11-72 years), while patients with posterior instability had a mean age of 23.08 ± 8.41 years (range, 13-61 years). The percentage of male patients with anterior instability was significantly higher than that of female patients (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% CI, 1.04-1.77; P = .021). Compared with patients with posterior instability, those with anterior instability were significantly more likely to RTS (OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.76-3.04; P < .001), and they were significantly more likely to have postoperative instability (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.07-2.23; P = .018). Patients with anterior instability also had significantly higher ASES scores than those with posterior instability (difference in means, 6.74; 95% CI, 4.71-8.77; P < .001). There were no significant differences found in postoperative complications between the anterior group (11 complications; 1.8%) and the posterior group (3 complications; 1.6%) (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.29-6.30; P = .999).
Conclusion:
Patients with anterior shoulder instability had higher RTS rates but were more likely to have postoperative instability compared with posterior instability patients. Overall, male patients were significantly more likely to have anterior shoulder instability, while female patients were significantly more likely to have posterior shoulder instability.
Vopat ML, Coda RG, Giusti NE, et al. Differences in Outcomes Between Anterior and Posterior Shoulder Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. May 2021. doi:10.1177/23259671211006437
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31703
10.1177/23259671211006437
Anterior shoulder instability
Anterior shoulder dislocation
Posterior shoulder instability
Posterior shoulder dislocation
Bankart repair
Anterior labral tear
Posterior labral tear
Differences in Outcomes Between Anterior and Posterior Shoulder Instability After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/326482022-03-22T08:01:07Zcom_1808_5634com_1808_11673col_1808_5635col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Smith, Joshua
author
2021-12-17
In this essay, I examine the 2016 takeover of Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. The principal instigators of this occupation, the Bundy family of Nevada, pointed to federally owned public lands as the primary reason for their takeover, citing the allegedly unconstitutional government ownership of these lands. I contend that the Bundys’ arguments about public lands exemplify rhetorical strategies that further one of the primary ends of settler colonialism; the remaking of land into property to better support white settlers’ claims to that land. I hold that the Bundys remake land by defining the land’s meanings following the logics of settler colonialism in three specific ways: privatization, racialization, and erasure. First, I examine the family’s arguments about the constitutionality of federal land ownership to show how the Bundys define public lands as rightfully private property. Second, I examine the ways that the Bundys racialize land ownership and how, in conjunction with arguments about property rights, the family articulates land as the domain of white settlers. Third, I discuss how the Bundys further colonial logics of Native erasure. That is, the family defines land in ways that portray Native Americans as having never been on the land, and as not currently using the land. I argue that these three processes render meanings of land––as private property, colonized, and terra nullius––that rhetorically further the operation of settler colonialism.
Smith J (2021) Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Public Land, and the Spaces of Whiteness. Front. Commun. 6:725835. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2021.725835
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/32648
10.3389/fcomm.2021.725835
Public lands
Settler colonialism
Malheur
Bundy family
Whiteness
Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Public Land, and the Spaces of Whiteness
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/294622020-01-30T19:55:33Zcom_1808_267com_1808_11673col_1808_16907col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Pan, Qianqian
author
Zhu, Qingqing
author
2018-11-04
Self-control emerges in early childhood and is shown to be strongly related to poor adulthood outcomes. The development of self-control was long believed to be homogeneous among individuals and stable in rank. The purpose of the current study was to (1) examine if multiple growth trajectories of self-control existed in early childhood by using growth mixture modeling approach, (2) investigate if growth trajectories of self-control were the function of child, family, and school characteristics. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort of 2011 (ECLS-K:2011), we found (1) three distinct growth trajectories of self-control existed in the ECLS-K sample, namely, the high, medium, and low level of self-control; (2) self-control levels in all groups were relatively stable during early childhood; (3) teacher expectation and teacher-student relationship significantly predicted growth trajectories of self-control above and beyond certain child and family characteristics.
Pan, Q., & Zhu, Q. (2018). Development of self-control in early childhood—a growth mixture modeling approach. Cogent Psychology, 5(1), 1544537. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2018.1544537
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29462
10.1080/23311908.2018.1544537
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-0165
self-control
growth mixture modeling
developmental trajectory
Risk factors
Development of self-control in early childhood— a growth mixture modeling approach
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/127122018-02-23T18:45:44Zcom_1808_97com_1808_11673col_1808_102col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Gong, Maogang
author
Kirkeminde, Alec
author
Ren, Shenqiang
author
2013-06-28
Iron pyrite (fool's gold, FeS2) is a promising earth abundant and environmentally benign semiconductor material that shows promise as a strong and broad absorber for photovoltaics and high energy density cathode material for batteries. However, controlling FeS2 nanocrystal formation (composition, size, shape, stoichiometry, etc.) and defect mitigation still remains a challenge. These problems represent significant limitations in the ability to control electrical, optical and electrochemical properties to exploit pyrite's full potential for sustainable energy applications. Here, we report a symmetry-defying oriented attachment FeS2 nanocrystal growth by examining the nanostructure evolution and recrystallization to uncover how the shape, size and defects of FeS2 nanocrystals changes during growth. It is demonstrated that a well-controlled reaction temperature and annealing time results in polycrystal-to-monocrystal formation and defect annihilation, which correlates with the performance of photoresponse devices. This knowledge opens up a new tactic to address pyrite's known defect problems.
Gong, M., Kirkeminde, A., & Ren, S. (2013). Symmetry-Defying Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Nanocrystals through Oriented Attachment. Scientific reports, 3. http://dx/doi.org/10.1038/srep02092
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12712
10.1038/srep02092
Nanoparticles
Optical Sensors
Colloids
Synthesis And Processing
Symmetry-Defying Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Nanocrystals through Oriented Attachment
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/248952018-12-27T16:18:07Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Sabus, Carla H.
author
Spake, Ellen
author
2016-12
Background and purpose: New ideas, methods, and technologies spread through cultures through typical patterns described by diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory. Professional cultures, including the physical therapy profession, have distinctive features and traditions that determine the adoption of practice innovation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) proposes a framework of innovation implementation specific to health care services. While the CFIR has been applied to medical and nursing practice, it has not been extended to rehabilitation professions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to verify the CFIR factors in outpatient physical therapy practice.
Design: Through a nomination process of area rehabilitation managers and area directors of clinical education, 2 exemplar, outpatient, privately owned physical therapy clinics were identified as innovation practices. A total of 18 physical therapists (PTs), including 3 owners and a manager, participated in the study.
Methods: The 2 clinics served as case studies within a qualitative approach of directed content analysis. Data were collected through observation, spontaneous, unstructured questioning, workflow analysis, structured focus group sessions, and artifact analysis including clinical documents. Focus group data were transcribed. All the data were analyzed and coded among 4 investigators.
Results: Through data analysis and alignment with literature in DOI theory in health care practice, the factors that determine innovation adoption were verified. The phenomena of implementation in PT practice are largely consistent with models of implementation in health care service. Within the outpatient practices studied, patient-centered care and collaborative learning were foundational elements to diffusion of an innovation.
Conclusion: Innovation in outpatient physical therapy practice can be understood as a social process situated within the culture of the physical therapy professional that follows predictable patterns that strongly align with DOI theory and the CFIR.
Sabus, Carla, and Ellen Spake. “Innovative Physical Therapy Practice: a Qualitative Verification of Factors That Support Diffusion of Innovation in Outpatient Physical Therapy Practice.” Journal of Healthcare Leadership, Volume 8, Dec. 2016, pp. 107–120., doi:10.2147/jhl.s115772.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24895
10.2147/JHL.S115772
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6882-6816
Innovation
Organizational change
Professional development
Evidence-based practice
Innovative physical therapy practice: a qualitative verification of factors that support diffusion of innovation in outpatient physical therapy practice
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/249402024-01-16T16:12:05Zcom_1808_11673com_2271_576com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_2271_577
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Smith, Kyle A.
author
Asante, Samuel K.
author
Clough, John
author
2016-11
Background:
Sarcoid involvement of the central nervous system is a rare occurrence, with involvement in approximately 5–10% of all cases. Isolated spinal involvement is an even rarer encounter, only 0.3–1% of all cases. These lesions can form compressive nodules leading to myelopathy. In the presented case of cervical sarcoid, the patient required a decompressive procedure to address cord compression.
Case Description:
This is the case of a 39-year-old male presenting with cervical myelopathy caused by a compressive sarcoid nodule who underwent a successful posterior decompressive procedure. The pathology demonstrated a non-caseating granuloma, consistent with sarcoid. Postoperatively, the patient's myelopathic symptoms improved.
Conclusions:
Sarcoid is rarely associated with an isolated compressive cervical lesion. Although sarcoid management typically involves immune suppression, in cases of active cord compression surgical intervention is warranted.
Smith, K. A., Asante, S. K., & Clough, J. (2016). Intradural-extramedullary isolated compressive sarcoid lesion. Surgical Neurology International, 7(Suppl 38), S917–S918. http://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.194520
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24940
10.4103/2152-7806.194520
PMC5159688
Cervical mass
Cervical myelopathy
Neurosarcoid
Sarcoid
Spinal sarcoid
Intradural-extramedullary isolated compressive sarcoid lesion
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/294542022-03-29T16:31:28Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_275col_1808_11675col_1808_745
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Yang, Xiao
author
Minai, Utako
author
Fiorentino, Robert
author
2018-09-20
The derivation of scalar implicatures for the quantifier some has been widely studied to investigate the computation of pragmatically enriched meanings. For example, the sentence “I found some books” carries the semantic interpretation that at least one book was found, but its interpretation is often enriched to include the implicature that not all the books were found. The implicature is argued to be more likely to arise when it is relevant for addressing a question under discussion (QUD) in the context, e.g., when “I found some books” is uttered in response to “Did you find all the books?” as opposed to “Did you find any books?”. However, most experimental studies have not examined the influence of context on some, instead testing some sentences in isolation. Moreover, no study to our knowledge has examined individual differences in the ability to utilize context in interpreting some, whereas individual variation in deriving implicatures for some sentences in isolation is widely attested, with alternative proposals attributing this variation to individual differences in cognitive resources (e.g., working memory) or personality-based pragmatic abilities (e.g., as assessed by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient). The current study examined how context influences the interpretation of some in a story-sentence matching task, where participants rated some statements (“I cut some steaks”) uttered by one character, in response to another character’s question (QUD) that established the implicature as relevant (“Did you cut all the steaks?”) or irrelevant (“Did you cut any steaks?”). We also examined to what extent individuals’ sensitivity to QUD is modulated by individual differences via a battery of measures assessing cognitive resources, personality-based pragmatic abilities, and language abilities (which have been argued to modulate comprehension in other domains). Our results demonstrate that QUD affects the interpretation of some, and reveal that individual differences in sensitivity to QUD are modulated by both cognitive resources and personality-based pragmatic abilities. While previous studies have argued alternatively for cognitive resources or personality-based pragmatic abilities as important for deriving implicatures for some in isolation, we argue that arriving at a context-sensitive interpretation for some depends on both cognitive and personality-based properties of the individual.
Yang X, Minai U and Fiorentino R (2018) Context-Sensitivity and Individual Differences in the Derivation of Scalar Implicature. Front. Psychol. 9:1720. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01720
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29454
10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01720
Scalar implicature
question under discussion (QUD)
Individual differences
working memory
attentional control
Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)
Context-Sensitivity and Individual Differences in the Derivation of Scalar Implicature
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/252412018-12-27T21:09:09Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Min, Kyungjin
author
Lehmeier, Christoph A.
author
Ballantyne, Ford, IV
author
Billings, Sharon A.
author
2016-12-26
Microbial transformations of organic carbon (OC) generate a large flux of CO2 into the atmosphere and influence the C balance of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Yet, inherent heterogeneity in natural environments precludes direct quantification of multiple microbial C fluxes that underlie CO2 production. Here we used a continuous flow bioreactor coupled with a stable C isotope analyzer to determine the effects of temperature and C availability (cellobiose concentration) on C fluxes and 13C discrimination of a microbial population growing at steady-state in a homogeneous, well-mixed environment. We estimated C uptake affinity and C use efficiency (CUE) to characterize the physiological responses of microbes to changing environmental conditions. Temperature increased biomass-C specific respiration rate and C uptake affinity at lower C availability, but did not influence those parameters at higher C availability. CUE decreased non-linearly with increasing temperature. The non-linear, negative relationship between CUE and temperature was more pronounced under lower C availability than under relatively high C availability. We observed stable isotope fractionation between C substrate and microbial biomass C (7~12‰ depletion), and between microbial biomass and respired CO2 (4~10‰ depletion). Microbial discrimination against 13C-containing cellobiose during C uptake was influenced by temperature and C availability, while discrimination during respiration was only influenced by C availability. Shifts in C uptake affinity with temperature and C availability may have modified uptake-induced 13C fractionation. By stressing the importance of C availability on temperature responses of microbial C fluxes, C uptake affinity, CUE, and isotopic fractionation, this study contributes to a fundamental understanding of C flow through microbes. This will help guide parameterization of microbial responses to varying temperature and C availability within Earth-system models.
Min, K., Lehmeier, C. A., Ballantyne IV, F., & Billings, S. A. (2016). Carbon availability modifies temperature responses of heterotrophic microbial respiration, carbon uptake affinity, and stable carbon isotope discrimination. Frontiers in microbiology, 7.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25241
10.3389/fmicb.2016.02083
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6189-6192
Carbon Availability Modifies Temperature Responses of Heterotrophic Microbial Respiration, Carbon Uptake Affinity, and Stable Carbon Isotope Discrimination
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/294532020-01-30T20:13:42Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Sengupta, Aniket
author
Hileman, Lena C.
author
2018-10-26
A common feature in developmental networks is the autoregulation of transcription
factors which, in turn, positively or negatively regulate additional genes critical for
developmental patterning. When a transcription factor regulates its own expression
by binding to cis-regulatory sites in its gene, the regulation is direct transcriptional
autoregulation (DTA). Indirect transcriptional autoregulation (ITA) involves regulation
by proteins expressed downstream of the target transcription factor. We review
evidence for a hypothesized role of DTA in the evolution and development of novel
flowering plant phenotypes. We additionally provide new bioinformatic and experimental
analyses that support a role for transcriptional autoregulation in the evolution of flower
symmetry. We find that 50 upstream non-coding regions are significantly enriched for
predicted autoregulatory sites in Lamiales CYCLOIDEA genes—an upstream regulator
of flower monosymmetry. This suggests a possible correlation between autoregulation
of CYCLOIDEA and the origin of monosymmetric flowers near the base of Lamiales,
a pattern that may be correlated with independently derived monosymmetry across
eudicot lineages. We find additional evidence for transcriptional autoregulation in the
flower symmetry program, and report that Antirrhinum DRIF2 may undergo ITA. In
light of existing data and new data presented here, we hypothesize how cis-acting
autoregulatory sites originate, and find evidence that such sites (and DTA) can arise
subsequent to the evolution of a novel phenotype.
Sengupta A and Hileman LC (2018)
Novel Traits, Flower Symmetry,
and Transcriptional Autoregulation:
New Hypotheses From Bioinformatic
and Experimental Data.
Front. Plant Sci. 9:1561.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01561
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29453
10.3389/fpls.2018.01561
Cycloidea
evolution
flower development
symmetry
transcriptional autoregulation
Novel Traits, Flower Symmetry, and Transcriptional Autoregulation: New Hypotheses From Bioinformatic and Experimental Data
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/252662018-02-12T17:56:11Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_275col_1808_11675col_1808_745
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Johnson, Adrienne Marie
author
Fiorentino, Robert
author
Gabriele, Alison
author
2016-04-22
There is a debate as to whether second language (L2) learners show qualitatively similar processing profiles as native speakers or whether L2 learners are restricted in their ability to use syntactic information during online processing. In the realm of wh-dependency resolution, research has examined whether learners, similar to native speakers, attempt to resolve wh-dependencies in grammatically licensed contexts but avoid positing gaps in illicit contexts such as islands. Also at issue is whether the avoidance of gap filling in islands is due to adherence to syntactic constraints or whether islands simply present processing bottlenecks. One approach has been to examine the relationship between processing abilities and the establishment of wh-dependencies in islands. Grammatical accounts of islands do not predict such a relationship as the parser should simply not predict gaps in illicit contexts. In contrast, a pattern of results showing that individuals with more processing resources are better able to establish wh-dependencies in islands could conceivably be compatible with certain processing accounts. In a self-paced reading experiment which examines the processing of wh-dependencies, we address both questions, examining whether native English speakers and Korean learners of English show qualitatively similar patterns and whether there is a relationship between working memory, as measured by counting span and reading span, and processing in both island and non-island contexts. The results of the self-paced reading experiment suggest that learners can use syntactic information on the same timecourse as native speakers, showing qualitative similarity between the two groups. Results of regression analyses did not reveal a significant relationship between working memory and the establishment of wh-dependencies in islands but we did observe significant relationships between working memory and the processing of licit wh-dependencies. As the contexts in which these relationships emerged differed for learners and native speakers, our results call for further research examining individual differences in dependency resolution in both populations.
Johnson, A., Fiorentino, R., & Gabriele, A. (2016). Syntactic Constraints and Individual Differences in Native and Non-Native Processing of Wh-Movement. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 549. http://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00549
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25266
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00549
PMC4840386
Wh-dependencies
Individual differences
Self-paced reading
Second language processing
Counting span
Reading span
Islands
Working memory
Syntactic Constraints and Individual Differences in Native and Non-Native Processing of Wh-Movement
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307412024-01-12T22:11:43Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Cox, Devin M.
author
Butler, Merlin G.
author
2015-02-13
Patients with the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion can present with developmental and language delay, neurobehavioral disturbances and psychiatric problems. Autism, seizures, schizophrenia and mild dysmorphic features are less commonly seen. The 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion involving four genes (i.e., TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA1, NIPA2) is emerging as a recognized syndrome with a prevalence ranging from 0.57%–1.27% of patients presenting for microarray analysis which is a two to four fold increase compared with controls. Review of clinical features from about 200 individuals were grouped into five categories and included developmental (73%) and speech (67%) delays; dysmorphic ears (46%) and palatal anomalies (46%); writing (60%) and reading (57%) difficulties, memory problems (60%) and verbal IQ scores ≤75 (50%); general behavioral problems, unspecified (55%) and abnormal brain imaging (43%). Other clinical features noted but not considered as common were seizures/epilepsy (26%), autism spectrum disorder (27%), attention deficit disorder (ADD)/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (35%), schizophrenia/paranoid psychosis (20%) and motor delay (42%). Not all individuals with the deletion are clinically affected, yet the collection of findings appear to share biological pathways and presumed genetic mechanisms. Neuropsychiatric and behavior disturbances and mild dysmorphic features are associated with genomic imbalances of the 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 region, including microdeletions, but with an apparent incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity.
Cox, D.M.; Butler, M.G. The 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 Microdeletion Syndrome: A Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 4068-4082.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30741
10.3390/ijms16024068
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-0524
15q11.2 BP1–BP2 microdeletion
Burnside-Butler syndrome
Clinical and behavioral phenotype
Chromosome breakpoints BP1 and BP2
Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes
Language and motor delays
Autism
Review
The 15q11.2 BP1–BP2 Microdeletion Syndrome: A Review
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307482020-09-18T08:00:46Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Funk, Ryan S.
author
Singh, Rakesh K.
author
Becker, Mara L.
author
2019-10-25
Variation in methotrexate (MTX) efficacy represents a significant barrier to early and effective disease control in the treatment of autoimmune arthritis. We hypothesize that the utilization of metabolomic techniques will allow for an improved understanding of the biochemical basis for the pharmacological activity of MTX, and can promote the identification and evaluation of novel molecular biomarkers of MTX response. In this work, erythroblastoid cells were exposed to MTX at the physiologic concentration of 1,000 nM and analyzed using three metabolomic platforms to give a broad spectrum of cellular metabolites. MTX pharmacological activity, defined as cellular growth inhibition, was associated with an altered cellular metabolomic profile based on the analysis of 724 identified metabolites. By discriminant analysis, MTX treatment was associated with increases in ketoisovaleric acid, fructose, galactose, and 2‐deoxycytidine, and corresponding reductions in 2‐deoxyuridine, phosphatidylinositol 32:0, orotic acid, and inosine monophosphate. Inclusion of data from analysis of folate metabolism in combination with chemometric and metabolic network analysis demonstrated that MTX treatment is associated with dysregulated folate metabolism and nucleotide biosynthesis, which is in line with its known mechanism of action. However, MTX treatment was also associated with alterations in a diversity of metabolites, including intermediates of amino acid, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism. Collectively, these findings support a robust metabolic response following exposure to physiologic concentrations of MTX. They also identify various metabolic intermediates that are associated with the pharmacological activity of MTX, and are, therefore, potential molecular biomarker candidates in future preclinical and clinical studies of MTX efficacy in autoimmune arthritis.
Funk, R.S., Singh, R.K. and Becker, M.L. (2020), Metabolomic Profiling to Identify Molecular Biomarkers of Cellular Response to Methotrexate In Vitro. Clin Transl Sci, 13: 137-146. doi:10.1111/cts.12694
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30748
10.1111/cts.12694
Metabolomic Profiling to Identify Molecular Biomarkers of Cellular Response to Methotrexate In Vitro
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115332018-02-23T18:59:22Zcom_1808_231com_1808_11673com_1808_80col_1808_8665col_1808_11675col_1808_81
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ndolo, Rosemary A.
author
Laun, Yepeng
author
Duan, Shaofeng
author
Forrest, M. Laird
author
Krise, Jeffrey P.
author
2012-11-07
Drug distribution in cells is a fundamentally important, yet often overlooked, variable in drug efficacy. Many weakly basic anticancer agents accumulate extensively in the acidic lysosomes of normal cells through ion trapping. Lysosomal trapping reduces the activity of anticancer drugs, since anticancer drug targets are often localized in the cell cytosol or nucleus. Some cancer cells have defective acidification of lysosomes, which causes a redistribution of trapped drugs from the lysosomes to the cytosol. We have previously established that such differences in drug localization between normal and cancer cells can contribute to the apparent selectivity of weakly basic drugs to cancer cells in vitro. In this work, we tested whether this intracellular distribution-based drug selectivity could be optimized based on the acid dissociation constant (pKa) of the drug, which is one of the determinants of lysosomal sequestration capacity. We synthesized seven weakly basic structural analogs of the Hsp90 inhibitor geldanamycin (GDA) with pKa values ranging from 5 to 12. The selectivity of each analog was expressed by taking ratios of anti-proliferative IC50 values of the inhibitors in normal fibroblasts to the IC50 values in human leukemic HL-60 cells. Similar selectivity assessments were performed in a pair of cancer cell lines that differed in lysosomal pH as a result of siRNA-mediated alteration of vacuolar proton ATPase subunit expression. Optimal selectivity was observed for analogs with pKa values near 8. Similar trends were observed with commercial anticancer agents with varying weakly basic pKa values. These evaluations advance our understanding of how weakly basic properties can be optimized to achieve maximum anticancer drug selectivity towards cancer cells with defective lysosomal acidification in vitro. Additional in vivo studies are needed to examine the utility of this approach for enhancing selectivity.
Ndolo, R.A.; Laun, Y.; Duan, S.; Forrest, M.L.; and Krise, J.P. (2012) Lysosomotropic Properties of Weakly Basic Anticancer Agents Promote Cancer Cell Selectivity In Vitro. Plos One 7.11: 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049366
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11533
10.1371/journal.pone.0049366
Lysosomotropic Properties of Weakly Basic Anticancer Agents Promote Cancer Cell Selectivity In Vitro
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295392020-01-30T19:29:09Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_1815com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_19344col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Mayes, Daphne M.
author
Bhatta, C.
author
Shi, D.
author
Brown, J. C.
author
Smith, D. R.
author
2019-04-19
Developments in understanding bee responses to habitat loss indicate that body size is a trait with important
consequences for conservation. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) are a diverse group of eusocial bees providing pollination services in tropical landscapes, exhibiting a large range in body size across species. We tested the effects of deforestation on the body sizes of stingless bee communities by using museum specimens and revisiting a previous effort that sampled stingless bee communities across varying levels of deforestation at 183 sites in Rondônia, Brazil, in 1996–1997. Body size measurements (intertegular distance) from 72 species collected were included as dependent variables in response to forest area, forest edge, and connectivity of forest patches at several spatial scales. We find that stingless bee body size is negatively related to forest cover: mean community body size was larger in areas with greater amounts of deforestation, and smaller in areas with less deforestation. Second, stingless bee species richness was positively associated with forest edge regardless of body size. Lastly, we find that as forest patch isolation increased, the stingless bee community body size also increased. These findings support hypotheses that small stingless bee species might be more negatively affected by deforestation, adding to the growing body of evidence that stingless bees require areas of intact forest in near proximity to other forest patches to conserve these diverse pollinator communities.
D M Mayes, C P Bhatta, D Shi, J C Brown, D R Smith, Body Size Influences Stingless Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Communities Across a Range of Deforestation Levels in Rondônia, Brazil, Journal of Insect Science, Volume 19, Issue 2, March 2019, 23, https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iez032
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29539
10.1093/jisesa/iez032
body size
stingless bees
Brazil
deforestation
intertegular distance
Body Size Influences Stingless Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Communities Across a Range of Deforestation Levels in Rondônia, Brazil
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/316932021-06-24T08:00:48Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Rippee, Michael A.
author
Chen, Jamie
author
Taylor, Matthew K.
author
2020-09-10
Concussion is the most common form of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Although most patients' symptoms resolve within a month, patients with post-concussion syndrome (PCS) may continue to experience symptoms for years and have limited treatment options. This pilot study assessed the feasibility and symptom-related effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) in patients with PCS symptoms. The Ketogenic Diet in Post-Concussion Syndrome (KD-PCS) was a single-arm trial of a 2-month KD high in non-starchy vegetables and supplemented with medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil. Macronutrient targets were ≥70% fat, ≤10% carbohydrate, and the remainder as protein as energy. We assessed feasibility by daily self-reported measure of urine acetoacetate and collection of 3-day food records and serum beta-hydroxybutyrate at multiple timepoints. We assessed symptoms by administering the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) and Modified Balance Error Scoring System (M-BESS) at baseline and month 2 and the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS) at baseline, month 1, and month 2. Fourteen participants enrolled in the KD-PCS. Twelve participants completed the study and 11 implemented the KD (73% fat, 9% carbohydrate, and 18% protein) and achieved ketosis. One participant complained of MCT-related diarrhea that resolved and another reported nausea and fatigue that resulted in withdrawal from the study. Among compliant participants, the visual memory domain of the ImPACT improved by 12 points (p = 0.02) and PCSS scores improved by 9 points, although not statistically significant. This pilot trial suggests that the KD is a feasible experimental treatment for PCS and justifies further study of its efficacy.
Rippee MA, Chen J and Taylor MK (2020) The Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Post-concussion Syndrome—A Feasibility Study. Front. Nutr. 7:160. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2020.00160
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31693
10.3389/fnut.2020.00160
mTBI
Post-concussion syndrome
Ketogenic diet
Ketones
Cognition
The Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Post-concussion Syndrome—A Feasibility Study
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307302020-09-15T08:00:44Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_89col_1808_11675col_1808_90
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ortega, Adrian
author
Cushing, Christopher C.
author
2020-06-10
Background: Current digital health interventions primarily use interventionist-defined rules to guide the timing of intervention delivery. As new temporally dense data sets become available, it is possible to make decisions about the intervention timing empirically.
Objective: This study aimed to explore the timing of physical activity among youth to inform decision points (eg, timing of support) for future digital physical activity interventions.
Methods: This study comprised 113 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years (mean age 14.64, SD 1.48 years) who wore an accelerometer for 20 days. Multilevel survival analyses were used to estimate the most likely time of day (via odds ratios and hazard probabilities) when adolescents accumulated their average physical activity. The interacting effects of physical activity timing and moderating variables were calculated by entering predictors, such as gender, sports participation, and school day, into the model as main effects and tested for interactions with the time of day to determine conditional main effects of these predictors.
Results: On average, the likelihood that a participant would accumulate a typical amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity increased and peaked between 6 PM and 8 PM before decreasing sharply after 9 PM. Hazard and survival probabilities suggest that optimal decision points for digital physical activity programs could occur between 5 PM and 8 PM.
Conclusions: Overall, the findings of this study support the idea that the timing of physical activity can be empirically identified and that these markers may be useful as intervention triggers.
Ortega A, Cushing CC; Developing Empirical Decision Points to Improve the Timing of Adaptive Digital Health Physical Activity Interventions in Youth: Survival Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020;8(6):e17450. DOI: 10.2196/17450
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30730
10.2196/17450
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1003-2156
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8452-8096
Telemedicine
Exercise
Physical activity
Adolescent
Developing Empirical Decision Points to Improve the Timing of Adaptive Digital Health Physical Activity Interventions in Youth: Survival Analysis
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115462018-02-23T18:52:38Zcom_1808_231com_1808_11673col_1808_385col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Gao, Shuang
author
Sullivan, Maurice O.
author
Hui, Rongqing
author
2012-11-01
A coherent lidar system based on the measurement of complex optical field is demonstrated for the first time. An electro-optic in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) modulator is used in the lidar transmitter to realize carrier-suppressed complex optical field modulation in which the positive and the negative optical sidebands can carry independent modulation waveforms. A fiber-optic 90° hybrid is used in the lidar receiver for coherent heterodyne detection and to recover the complex optical field. By loading a constant modulation frequency on the lower optical sideband and a wideband linear frequency chirp on the upper sideband, vector velocity and target distance can be measured independently. The wide modulation bandwidth of this lidar system also enabled unprecedented range resolution and the capability of measuring high velocity unambiguously.
Gao, Shuang; Sullivan, Maurice O.; and Hui, Rongqing. (2012) Complex-optical-field lidar system for range and vector velocity measurement. Optics Express, 20.23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.025867
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11546
10.1364/OE.20.025867
Complex-optical-field lidar system for range and vector velocity measurement
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/249322024-01-16T16:12:05Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Locke, Nathan
author
Duchene, David
author
Pamanabhan, Priya
author
2016-07
Background: Transcaval inferior vena cava (IVC) filter penetration involving the urinary tract is rare, but has been previously reported. We herein present unique management of symptomatic hydronephrosis secondary to erosion of an IVC filter limb into the lumen of the proximal right ureter.
Case Presentation: A 59-year-old woman presented with abdominal and right flank pain in October 2015 and was found to have right hydronephrosis, apparently secondary to obstruction from erosion of an IVC filter limb into the proximal right ureter. This was effectively managed with percutaneous, endovascular, and endourologic procedures, without the need for a major invasive surgical procedure.
Conclusion: Endovascular removal of the IVC filter was performed safely in this case and can be considered when the urinary tract is involved in filter erosion.
Locke, N., Duchene, D., & Padmanabhan, P. (2016). Inferior Vena Cava Filter Erosion Causing Symptomatic Obstructive Hydronephrosis. Journal of Endourology Case Reports, 2(1), 138–140. http://doi.org/10.1089/cren.2016.0070
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24932
10.1089/cren.2016.0070
PMC4996617
Inferior Vena Cava Filter Erosion Causing Symptomatic Obstructive Hydronephrosis
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/317022021-06-25T08:00:36Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Klompen, Anna M. L.
author
Kayal, Ehsan
author
Collins, Allen G.
author
Cartwright, Paulyn
author
2021-04-23
Many jellyfish species are known to cause a painful sting, but box jellyfish (class Cubozoa) are a well-known danger to humans due to exceptionally potent venoms. Cubozoan toxicity has been attributed to the presence and abundance of cnidarian-specific pore-forming toxins called jellyfish toxins (JFTs), which are highly hemolytic and cardiotoxic. However, JFTs have also been found in other cnidarians outside of Cubozoa, and no comprehensive analysis of their phylogenetic distribution has been conducted to date. Here, we present a thorough annotation of JFTs from 147 cnidarian transcriptomes and document 111 novel putative JFTs from over 20 species within Medusozoa. Phylogenetic analyses show that JFTs form two distinct clades, which we call JFT-1 and JFT-2. JFT-1 includes all known potent cubozoan toxins, as well as hydrozoan and scyphozoan representatives, some of which were derived from medically relevant species. JFT-2 contains primarily uncharacterized JFTs. Although our analyses detected broad purifying selection across JFTs, we found that a subset of cubozoan JFT-1 sequences are influenced by gene-wide episodic positive selection compared with homologous toxins from other taxonomic groups. This suggests that duplication followed by neofunctionalization or subfunctionalization as a potential mechanism for the highly potent venom in cubozoans. Additionally, published RNA-seq data from several medusozoan species indicate that JFTs are differentially expressed, spatially and temporally, between functionally distinct tissues. Overall, our findings suggest a complex evolutionary history of JFTs involving duplication and selection that may have led to functional diversification, including variability in toxin potency and specificity.
Anna M L Klompen, Ehsan Kayal, Allen G Collins, Paulyn Cartwright, Phylogenetic and Selection Analysis of an Expanded Family of Putatively Pore-Forming Jellyfish Toxins (Cnidaria: Medusozoa), Genome Biology and Evolution, Volume 13, Issue 6, June 2021, evab081, https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evab081
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31702
10.1093/gbe/evab081
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8939-0057
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-7916
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3664-9691
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8174-6933
Venom
Cnidaria
Medusozoa
Jellyfish toxins
Pore-forming toxins
Transcriptomics
Phylogenetic and Selection Analysis of an Expanded Family of Putatively Pore-Forming Jellyfish Toxins (Cnidaria: Medusozoa)
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307392020-09-16T08:00:50Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Bachinskas, Andrew J.
author
Helsper, Elizabeth A.
author
Morris, Harry A.
author
Hearon, Bernard F.
author
2019-12-03
Purpose
We investigated the clinical outcomes of patients with acute posttraumatic distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability who were treated with our nonsurgical protocol.
Methods
The electronic database of our community-based orthopedic practice was queried to identify patients with posttraumatic wrist pain and DRUJ instability who presented for treatment less than 6 weeks after injury. Medical records review defined a cohort of 16 patients treated between November, 2000 and December, 2016 with immobilization of the wrist and elbow for 6 weeks and gradual return to full activity at 6 months after injury. Data from the medical records were compiled and analyzed to assess short-term outcomes. Eight patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up completed questionnaires and underwent a wrist-focused examination to assess long-term outcomes. We used Wilcoxon signed-ranks exact test and McNemar chi-square exact test to confirm the statistical significance of observed trends in key outcome measures.
Results
At a mean long-term follow-up of 6.7 years, there was statistically significant improvement in ulnar-sided wrist pain and all eight subjects examined demonstrated a negative dorsopalmar stress test indicating improved DRUJ stability. Analysis of the entire cohort showed that 11 of 16 patients (69%) were overall improved with respect to wrist pain and DRUJ stability at final follow-up evaluation. Ulnar-positive variance was a relative contraindication to nonsurgical treatment.
Conclusions
Prompt above-elbow immobilization of patients with acute posttraumatic DRUJ instability may result in a good clinical outcome without operative treatment.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30739
10.1016/j.jhsg.2019.10.002
Distal radioulnar joint instability
Nonsurgical treatment
Ulnar-sided wrist pain
Wrist sprain
Nonsurgical Treatment for Acute Posttraumatic Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability: A Case Series
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/344562023-06-28T06:08:10Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Nguyen, Nhung
author
2023-05-22
Objectives
Trying to adapt to a new culture, Vietnamese (expectant) mothers in the USA gathered in few Facebook groups with thousands of members discussing pregnancy, health, and child caring issues. However, there is little research exploring how social support was given/taken among these (expectant) mothers. This empirical research aims at shedding light on how such mothers use social media groups for social support seeking/providing regarding health utilization during their acculturation process.
Methods
Drawing from Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Utilization, acculturation, and online social support conceptual frameworks, this study analyzes 18 in-depth interviews with immigrant Vietnamese (expectant) mothers in the United States on the use of social media in navigating health acculturation during their pregnancy and motherhood.
Results
Results show that these mothers give and take all forms of social support including informational, emotional, relational, and instrumental ones. Facebook groups do not provide the best environment for improving “bonding” social capital for its members. However, these groups provide a platform where “strangers help strangers” overcome various barriers to sufficiently understand and independently access and use the official healthcare system. The groups, hence, aid these women's pregnancy and their child(ren)'s health. The informational and emotional support provided by Facebook groups among (soon-to-be) mothers helped them tremendously in overcoming acculturative stress. Moreover, with better language skills, knowledge, and experience in using health and social security systems, help-seekers tend to be transformed into help providers to deliver support for those “newcomers.”
Conclusions
This research provides insights into personal experience on the uses of social media in navigating health behavior in the process of acculturation among Vietnamese immigrant (expectant) mothers in the United States. The research seeks to contribute to the conceptual frameworks and practical experience of behavioral model of health utitlization among immigrant Vietnamese ethnic immigrant pregnant women and mothers of babies and toddlers in navigating health during acculturation process in the United States. The limitations and future research suggestions are also discussed.
Nguyen N. Strangers helping strangers in a strange land: Vietnamese immigrant (expectant) mothers in the US use social media to navigate health issues in acculturation. DIGITAL HEALTH. 2023;9. doi:10.1177/20552076231171507
https://hdl.handle.net/1808/34456
10.1177/20552076231171507
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6208-0849
Online social support
Behavioral model of health utilization
Acculturation
Vietnam immigrant (expectant) mothers
Strangers helping strangers in a strange land: Vietnamese immigrant (expectant) mothers in the US use social media to navigate health issues in acculturation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/336702022-11-22T18:35:00Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ost, Natalie K.
author
Minchew, Heather M.
author
Garcia, Andrew
author
Ganatra, Hammad A.
author
2022-08-17
Presentation, management, and outcomes of COVID-19 infections among younger patients is an area of medicine with deficits in research, likely due to the lower incidence of severe COVID-19 disease among the younger population. Management can be challenging, and clinicians often guide their decision-making based on the ever-changing protocols that are tailored mostly to the elderly population. Even more underrepresented in COVID-19 research are patients with chromosomal abnormalities and trisomy syndromes, as they appear less frequently, but have risk of increased morbidity and mortality due to underlying medical conditions. We describe a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a young patient with mosaic trisomy 13 and pre-existing polycystic kidney disease, who developed severe acute hypoxic respiratory failure and acute chronic kidney injury. The patient was provided maximal pharmacological support and her clinical course helps to shape the understanding of COVID-19 infections in the setting of chromosomal abnormalities and complex medical history.
Ost NK, Minchew HM, Garcia A, Ganatra HA. COVID-19 in a mosaic trisomy 13 patient with polycystic kidney disease. SAGE Open Medical Case Reports. 2022;10. doi:10.1177/2050313X221118732
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/33670
10.1177/2050313X221118732
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8836-8085
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9534-2780
COVID-19
Trisomy 13
Mosaic
Patau syndrome
Polycystic kidney disease
COVID-19 in a mosaic trisomy 13 patient with polycystic kidney disease
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/200412020-09-21T14:26:57Zcom_1808_11673com_2271_576com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_2271_577
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Smith, Kyle A.
author
Crabtree, Kelli
author
Chamoun, Roukoz
author
2016-01-05
Smith, Kyle, Kelli Crabtree, and Roukoz Chamoun. "Delayed Intraventricular Metastasis of Clival Chordoma." Surgical Neurology International Surg Neurol Int 7.1 (2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.173313#sthash.196a8Mh7.dpuf
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20041
10.4103/2152-7806.173313
Delayed intraventricular metastasis of clival chordoma
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/223072023-06-27T21:31:51Zcom_1808_1069com_1808_267com_1808_11673col_1808_7465col_1808_16903col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Cho, Hyesun
author
2015-05-28
Accompanying myriad definitions of critical literacy is an absence of pedagogical models for implementing critical literacy in teacher education contexts. This action research explores critical literacy with pre-service and in-service teachers in teacher education courses offered in the United States. The primary data sources include online weekly discussions on course readings in the TESOL methods courses I taught in Hawaii and Kansas. First, I propose the working definition of critical literacy in the study (Luke, 2012) and then present course participants’ perceived challenges of employing critical literacy in their current and future classrooms. Findings reveal that despite the differences in the two instructional contexts, both groups recognized that the current standards-based, test-driven educational environment would be the major obstacle for enacting critical literacy in their classroom. In addition, the lack of understanding of critical literacy was addressed by both groups of teachers. I also discuss my struggle and dilemma as a critical teacher educator. Finally, this article concludes with suggestions for introducing critical literacy in teacher education contexts.
Cho, Hyesun. "I Love This Approach, But Find It Difficult to Jump in with Two Feet!" Teachers' Perceived Challenges of Employing Critical Literacy." English Language Teaching 8.6 (2015): n. pag.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/22307
10.5539/elt.v8n6p69
“I Love this Approach, But Find It Difficult to Jump in with Two Feet!” Teachers’ Perceived Challenges of Employing Critical Literacy
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295062020-01-30T19:52:50Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Niu, Sida
author
Black, Paul
author
Padmanabhan, Priya
author
2019-01-01
Introduction:
Renal transplant is the most desired and cost-effective therapy for patients with end stage renal disease. While a lower urinary tract cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is not an absolute contraindication to renal transplantation, appropriate vesical storage and drainage is imperative for survival and function of the graft. It is crucial to address and resolve any urological causes of renal failure prior to transplantation to prevent subsequent graft failure. Most patients can be managed with conservative measures such as intermittent self-catheterization, but select cases may require more aggressive intervention including bladder augmentation or urinary diversion to address a hostile bladder environment prior to transplantation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a poorly compliant bladder noted during pre-transplant evaluation that was managed conservatively with intravesical botulinum injections leading to a successful transplantation.
Conclusion:
We found through our experience that intravesical botulinum injections offers a conservative approach to increase bladder compliance and lower storage pressures thereby permitting safe renal transplantation. This management strategy can be employed in carefully selected patients who have failed oral anticholinergics and CIC, and wish to avoid bladder augmentation and urinary diversion. Careful follow-up is necessary to detect changes in urinary symptoms and bladder parameters, which may be a sign of possible botulinum failure necessitating the need to revisit more aggressive management options.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29506
10.1016/j.eucr.2018.10.017
Abnormal bladder
Augmentation
Transplantation
Botulinum
Conservative management of hostile bladders with intravesical botulinum toxin for successful renal transplantation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295092020-01-30T19:46:10Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Gabrielli, Alexander P.
author
Manzardo, Ann M.
author
Butler, Merlin G.
author
2019-03-07
Recent research revealed that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and cancer may share
common genetic architecture, with evidence first reported with the PTEN gene. There are
approximately 800 autism genes and 3500 genes associated with cancer. The VarElect phenotype
program was chosen to identify genes jointly associated with both conditions based on genomic
information stored in GeneCards. In total, 138 overlapping genes were then profiled with
GeneAnalytics, an analysis pathway enrichment tool utilizing existing gene datasets to identify
shared pathways, mechanisms, and phenotypes. Profiling the shared gene data identified seven
significantly associated diseases of 2310 matched disease entities with factors implicated in shared
pathology of ASD and cancer. These included 371 super-pathways of 455 matched entities reflecting
major cell-signaling pathways and metabolic disturbances (e.g., CREB, AKT, GPCR); 153 gene
ontology (GO) biological processes of 226 matched processes; 41 GO molecular functions of 78
matched functions; and 145 phenotypes of 232 matched phenotypes. The entries were scored and
ranked using amatching algorithm that takes into consideration genomic expression, sequencing, and
microarray datasets with cell or tissue specificity. Shared mechanisms may lead to the identification
of a common pathology and a better understanding of causation with potential treatment options to
lessen the severity of ASD-related symptoms in those affected.
Gabrielli, A.P.; Manzardo, A.M.; Butler, M.G. GeneAnalytics Pathways and Profiling of Shared Autism and Cancer Genes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1166.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29509
10.3390/ijms20051166
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9283-7809
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-0524
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
cancer
overlapping genes and gene profiling
super-pathways
phenotypes and diseases
molecular functions and processes
GeneAnalytics Pathways and Profiling of Shared Autism and Cancer Genes
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/317012021-06-24T08:00:55Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
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Abbasi, Saqib
author
Roller, John
author
Abdallah, Al-Ola
author
Shune, Leyla
author
McClune, Brian
author
Sborov, Douglas
author
Mohyuddin, Ghulam Rehman
author
2021-03-31
Background
Despite advances in treatment, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable and results in significant morbidity and mortality. Further research investigating where MM patients die and characterization of end-of-life hospitalizations is needed.
Methods
We utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to explore the hospitalization burden of MM patients at the end of their lives.
Results
The percent of patients dying in the hospital as a percent of overall MM deaths ranged from 54% in 2002 to 41.4% in 2017 (p < 0.01). Blood transfusions were received in 32.7% of these hospitalizations and infections were present in 47.8% of patients. Palliative care and/or hospice consultations ranged from 5.3% in 2002 to 31.4% in 2017 (p < 0.01).
Conclusion
Our study demonstrates that patients with MM dying in the hospital have a significant requirement for blood transfusions and have a high infection burden. We also show that palliative care and hospice involvement at the end of life has increased over time but remains low, and that ultimately, inpatient mortality has decreased over time, but MM patients die in the hospital at a higher rate than the general population.
Abbasi, S., Roller, J., Abdallah, AO. et al. Hospitalization at the end of life in patients with multiple myeloma. BMC Cancer 21, 339 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08079-x
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31701
10.1186/s12885-021-08079-x
Multiple myeloma
Palliative care
Hospice
Death
National inpatient sample
Inpatient
Hospital
Hospitalization at the end of life in patients with multiple myeloma
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115352018-07-23T17:52:31Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
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Alexander, Helen M.
author
Reed, Aaron W.
author
Kettle, W. Dean
author
Slade, Norman A.
author
Bodbyl-Roels, Sarah Ann
author
Collins, Cathy Diane
author
Salisbury, Vaughn
author
2012-12-20
Monitoring programs, where numbers of individuals are followed through time, are central to conservation. Although incomplete detection is expected with wildlife surveys, this topic is rarely considered with plants. However, if plants are missed in surveys, raw count data can lead to biased estimates of population abundance and vital rates. To illustrate, we had five independent observers survey patches of the rare plant Asclepias meadii at two prairie sites. We analyzed data with two mark-recapture approaches. Using the program CAPTURE, the estimated number of patches equaled the detected number for a burned site, but exceeded detected numbers by 28% for an unburned site. Analyses of detected patches using Huggins models revealed important effects of observer, patch state (flowering/nonflowering), and patch size (number of stems) on probabilities of detection. Although some results were expected (i.e. greater detection of flowering than nonflowering patches), the importance of our approach is the ability to quantify the magnitude of detection problems. We also evaluated the degree to which increased observer numbers improved detection: smaller groups (3–4 observers) generally found 90 – 99% of the patches found by all five people, but pairs of observers or single observers had high error and detection depended on which individuals were involved. We conclude that an intensive study at the start of a long-term monitoring study provides essential information about probabilities of detection and what factors cause plants to be missed. This information can guide development of monitoring programs.
Alexander, Helen M.; et al. (2012) Detection and Plant Monitoring Programs: Lessons from an Intensive Survey of Asclepias meadii with Five Observers. Plos One, 7.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052762
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11535
10.1371/journal.pone.0052762
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7590-677X
Detection and Plant Monitoring Programs: Lessons from an Intensive Survey of Asclepias meadii with Five Observers
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307502020-09-18T08:00:50Zcom_1808_231com_1808_97com_1808_11673col_1808_8665col_1808_290col_1808_102col_1808_385col_1808_11675
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Thippabhotla, Sirisha
author
Zhong, Cuncong
author
He, Mei
author
2019-09-10
For studying cellular communications ex-vivo, a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model is currently used as the “gold standard”. 2D culture models are also widely used in the study of RNA expression profiles from tumor cells secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) for tumor biomarker discovery. Although the 2D culture system is simple and easily accessible, the culture environment is unable to represent in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Our study observed that 2D- culture derived EVs showed significantly different profiles in terms of secretion dynamics and essential signaling molecular contents (RNAs and DNAs), when compared to the three-dimensional (3D) culture derived EVs. By performing small RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of cervical cancer cells and their EVs compared with cervical cancer patient plasma EV-derived small RNAs, we observed that 3D- culture derived EV small RNAs differ from their parent cell small RNA profile which may indicate a specific sorting process. Most importantly, the 3D- culture derived EV small RNA profile exhibited a much higher similarity (~96%) to in vivo circulating EVs derived from cervical cancer patient plasma. However, 2D- culture derived EV small RNA profile correlated better with only their parent cells cultured in 2D. On the other hand, DNA sequencing analysis suggests that culture and growth conditions do not affect the genomic information carried by EV secretion. This work also suggests that tackling EV molecular alterations secreted into interstitial fluids can provide an alternative, non-invasive approach for investigating 3D tissue behaviors at the molecular precision. This work could serve as a foundation for building precise models employed in mimicking in vivo tissue system with EVs as the molecular indicators or transporters. Such models could be used for investigating tumor biomarkers, drug screening, and understanding tumor progression and metastasis.
Thippabhotla, S., Zhong, C. & He, M. 3D cell culture stimulates the secretion of in vivo like extracellular vesicles. Sci Rep 9, 13012 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49671-3
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30750
10.1038/s41598-019-49671-3
3D cell culture stimulates the secretion of in vivo like extracellular vesicles
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/134712023-06-28T15:32:29Zcom_1808_267com_1808_11673col_1808_16903col_1808_11675
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Massengill Shaw, Donita
author
2014-03-01
The purpose of this study was to document the impact of an instructional approach, Word Study, on adults’ spelling and reading. Forty-nine adults enrolled in ESL classes at a community-based site in the United States from January through May and were tested on the Comprehensive Adult Student Assessment System, the Elementary Spelling Inventory and the Developmental Spelling Analysis. This study employed a mixed-methodology including statistical and qualitative analyses. The results showed significant growth for the adult students on their spelling and reading scores and positive response to the intervention. Reasons for why this approach is valuable to educators are addressed in the discussion.
Shaw, Donita Massengill. "The Impact of Word Study Intervention on Adult English Learners’ Spelling and Reading" Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol 5, No 2 (2014), 245-252, Mar 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4304/jltr.5.2.245-252
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/13471
10.4304/jltr.5.2.245-252
Word study
Reading
Spelling
Adults
English learners
The Impact of Word Study Intervention on Adult English Learners’ Spelling and Reading
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/317062021-06-25T08:00:42Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_89col_1808_11675col_1808_90
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Monzon, Alexandra
author
Kahhan, Nicole
author
Marker, Arwen
author
Patton, Susana
author
2021-04-23
Type 1 diabetes management can be challenging for children and their families. To address psychosocial concerns for parents of youth with type 1 diabetes, we developed two parent-focused interventions to reduce their diabetes distress and fear of hypoglycemia. Our team conducted several of these interventions during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and recognized a need to make timely adjustments to our interventions. In this viewpoint article, we describe our experience conducting these manualized treatment groups during the pandemic, the range of challenges and concerns specific to COVID-19 that parents expressed, and how we adjusted our approach to better address parents’ treatment needs.
Monzon A, Kahhan N, Marker A, Patton S, Challenges and Considerations for Reducing Diabetes Distress and Fear of Hypoglycemia in Parents of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic, JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021;4(2):e25106, URL: https://pediatrics.jmir.org/2021/2/e25106, doi: 10.2196/25106
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31706
10.2196/25106
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1492-5074
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-2153
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-3527
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8902-6965
Type 1 diabetes
Parents
Children
Diabetes distress
Fear of hypoglycemia
COVID-19
Telehealth
Diabetes
Challenge
Youth
Young adults
Challenges and Considerations for Reducing Diabetes Distress and Fear of Hypoglycemia in Parents of Youth With Type 1 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/344512023-06-28T06:08:23Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Utsumi, Kaera
author
Staley, Catherine
author
Núñez, Herman
author
Eifler, Maria A.
author
Eifler, Douglas A.
author
2022-11-10
Background
Animal social systems can be described through four main components: social structure, social organization, mating system, and care system. Social structure describes the relationships between individuals in a population, while social organization describes the group composition, size, and spatiotemporal variation of a population. We use the frameworks of social structure and social organization to study the social system of Microlophus atacamensis, a lizard found in the rocky intertidal zone along the Chilean coast. The area M. atacamensis inhabits poses specific challenges stemming from their use of two distinct habitat types in the intertidal zone: they forage in the cool areas near the water’s edge and use large rocks in more inland areas for basking and refuge.
Methods
Our assessment of their social system focused on two separate populations: one to characterize social structure by means of focal observations and social network analysis, and a second to assess social organization via home range and core area analyses. Further, we examined the social system in two habitat types that comprise the intertidal zone: cobble fields and interspersed large rocks.
Results
Social network analysis revealed an interconnected network with a few highly central individuals. Body size influenced the outcomes of aggressive interactions, with interactions being more common in cobble fields where males had more associates and more repeated interactions than females. Spatial analyses revealed that the social organization of M. atacamensis is characterized by (1) high home range overlap, specifically in the cobble fields and (2) relatively exclusive core areas dispersed across both habitat types.
Conclusion
A social system is composed of both cooperative and competitive behaviors. While our study focused on competitive interactions, the extent and influence of cooperative behaviors is still unclear and merits future research. We suggest that M. atacamensis has a variable social system in which territoriality on large rocks affects access to stationary resources in that habitat (e.g., basking sites and refuges), while competition in the cobble fields could lay the foundation for a system of dominance relationships controlling access to variable food resources in cobble field areas of the intertidal zone.
Utsumi, K., Staley, C., Núñez, H. et al. The social system of the lava lizard, Microlophus atacamensis: the interplay between social structure and social organization. Rev. Chil. de Hist. Nat. 95, 9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40693-022-00113-x
https://hdl.handle.net/1808/34451
10.1186/s40693-022-00113-x
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5935-7299
Atacama Desert
Chile
Space use
Intertidal zone
Social network
The social system of the lava lizard, Microlophus atacamensis: the interplay between social structure and social organization
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/266632023-03-04T07:06:35Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Aziz, Muhammad
author
Pervez, Asad
author
Fatima, Rawish
author
Bansal, Ajay
author
2018-06-28
Ischemic colitis due to medications is common, and a number of cases have been described with pseudoephedrine as the culprit agent. We present here an interesting case of a healthy female with no risk factors who developed pseudoephedrine induced ischemic colitis. This case serves to remind the healthcare providers about the utmost importance of obtaining a comprehensive history to aid with the diagnosis.
Muhammad Aziz, Asad Pervez, Rawish Fatima, and Ajay Bansal, “Pseudoephedrine Induced Ischemic Colitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature,” Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine, vol. 2018, Article ID 8761314, 4 pages, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8761314.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26663
10.1155/2018/8761314
Pseudoephedrine Induced Ischemic Colitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115342018-07-24T17:54:59Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_5423col_1808_11675col_1808_5425
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Costa, Flávia C.
author
Fedosyuk, Halyna
author
Chazelle, Allen M.
author
Neades, Renee Y.
author
Peterson, Kenneth R.
author
2012-12-20
Activation of γ-globin gene expression in adults is known to be therapeutic for sickle cell disease. Thus, it follows that the converse, alleviation of repression, would be equally effective, since the net result would be the same: an increase in fetal hemoglobin. A GATA-1-FOG-1-Mi2 repressor complex was recently demonstrated to be recruited to the −566 GATA motif of the Aγ-globin gene. We show that Mi2β is essential for γ-globin gene silencing using Mi2β conditional knockout β-YAC transgenic mice. In addition, increased expression of Aγ-globin was detected in adult blood from β-YAC transgenic mice containing a T>G HPFH point mutation at the −566 GATA silencer site. ChIP experiments demonstrated that GATA-1 is recruited to this silencer at day E16, followed by recruitment of FOG-1 and Mi2 at day E17 in wild-type β-YAC transgenic mice. Recruitment of the GATA-1–mediated repressor complex was disrupted by the −566 HPFH mutation at developmental stages when it normally binds. Our data suggest that a temporal repression mechanism is operative in the silencing of γ-globin gene expression and that either a trans-acting Mi2β knockout deletion mutation or the cis-acting −566 Aγ-globin HPFH point mutation disrupts establishment of repression, resulting in continued γ-globin gene transcription during adult definitive erythropoiesis.
Costa, Flavia C.; Fedosyuk, Halyna; Chazelle, Allen M.; Neades, Renee Y.; and Peterson, Kenneth R. (2012) Mi2β Is Required for γ-Globin Gene Silencing: Temporal Assembly of a GATA-1-FOG-1-Mi2 Repressor Complex in β-YAC Transgenic Mice. Plos Genetics, 8.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003155
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11534
10.1371/journal.pgen.1003155
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-3303
Mi2β Is Required for γ-Globin Gene Silencing: Temporal Assembly of a GATA-1-FOG-1-Mi2 Repressor Complex in β-YAC Transgenic Mice
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/336652022-11-22T18:29:21Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Robarts, Dakota R.
author
McGreal, Steven R.
author
Umbaugh, David S.
author
Parkes, Wendena S.
author
Kotulkar, Manasi
author
Abernathy, Sarah
author
Lee, Norman
author
Jaeschke, Hartmut
author
Gunewardena, Sumedha
author
Whelan, Stephen A.
author
Hanover, John A.
author
Zachara, Natasha E.
author
Slawson, Chad
author
Apte, Udayan
author
2022-01-01
Background & Aims
The liver has a unique capacity to regenerate after injury in a highly orchestrated and regulated manner. Here, we report that O-GlcNAcylation, an intracellular post-translational modification regulated by 2 enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), is a critical termination signal for liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PHX).
Methods
We studied liver regeneration after PHX on hepatocyte specific OGT and OGA knockout mice (OGT-KO and OGA-KO), which caused a significant decrease (OGT-KO) and increase (OGA-KO) in hepatic O-GlcNAcylation, respectively.
Results
OGA-KO mice had normal regeneration, but the OGT-KO mice exhibited substantial defects in termination of liver regeneration with increased liver injury, sustained cell proliferation resulting in significant hepatomegaly, hepatic dysplasia, and appearance of small nodules at 28 days after PHX. This was accompanied by a sustained increase in expression of cyclins along with significant induction in pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene expression in the OGT-KO livers. RNA-sequencing studies revealed inactivation of hepatocyte nuclear 4 alpha (HNF4α), the master regulator of hepatic differentiation and a known termination signal, in OGT-KO mice at 28 days after PHX, which was confirmed by both Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, a significant decrease in HNFα target genes was observed in OGT-KO mice, indicating a lack of hepatocyte differentiation following decreased hepatic O-GlcNAcylation. Immunoprecipitation experiments revealed HNF4α is O-GlcNAcylated in normal differentiated hepatocytes.
Conclusions
These studies show that O-GlcNAcylation plays a critical role in the termination of liver regeneration via regulation of HNF4α in hepatocytes.
Robarts, D.R., et al., 2022. Regulation of Liver Regeneration by Hepatocyte O-GlcNAcylation in Mice. Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology. vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 1510-1529. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.014.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/33665
10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.014
Regulation of Liver Regeneration by Hepatocyte O-GlcNAcylation in Mice
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/155862018-03-02T21:52:21Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Bhattacharya, Shelley B
author
Rossi, Michelle I
author
Mentz, Jennifer M.
author
2014-04-17
Introduction
Interprofessional patient care is a well-recognized path that health care systems are striving toward. The Veteran’s Affairs (VA) system initiated interprofessional practice (IPP) models with their Geriatric Evaluation and Management (GEM) programs. GEM programs incorporate a range of specialties, including but not limited to, medicine, nursing, social work, physical therapy and pharmacy, to collaboratively evaluate veterans. Despite being a valuable resource, they are now faced with significant cut-backs, including closures. The primary goal of this project was to assess how the GEM model could be optimized at the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania VA to allow for the sustainability of this important IPP assessment. Part 1 of the study evaluated the IPP process using program, patient, and family surveys. Part 2 examined how well the geriatrician matched patients to specialists in the GEM model. This paper describes Part 1 of our study.
Methods
Three strategies were used: 1) a national GEM program survey; 2) a veteran/family satisfaction survey; and 3) an absentee assessment.
Results
Twenty-six of 92 programs responded to the GEM IPP survey. Six strategies were shared to optimize IPP models throughout the country. Of the 34 satisfaction surveys, 80% stated the GEM clinic was beneficial, 79% stated their concerns were addressed, and 100% would recommend GEM to their friends. Of the 24 absentee assessments, the top three reasons for missing the appointments were transportation, medical illnesses, and not knowing/remembering about the appointment. Absentee rate diminished from 41% to 19% after instituting a reminder phone call policy.
Discussion
Maintaining the sustainability of IPP programs is crucial for the health of our veterans. This project uncovered tools to improve the GEM IPP model for our veterans that can be incorporated nationally. Despite the lengthy nature of IPP models, patients and families appreciated the thoroughness, requested transportation and food, and responded well to reminder phone calls. A keen eye on these issues and concomitant medical complexity needs to be observed when planning IPP models to ensure sustainability.
Battacharya et al. "Optimizing Strategies to Improve Interprofessional Practice for Veterans, Part 1." Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, April 17, 2014. doi:10.2147/JMDH.S51010
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/15586
10.2147/JMDH.S51010
interprofessional practice
veterans
geriatric ecaluation and management
Optimizing Strategies to Improve Interprofessional Practice for Veterans, Part 1
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/266602018-07-27T08:00:56Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Grote, Caleb W.
author
Cowan, Paul C.
author
Anderson, David W.
author
Templeton, Kimberly J.
author
2018
Metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be associated with adverse metal reactions, including pseudotumors. This case report describes a 58-year-old female with an MoM THA-related pseudotumor that caused unilateral leg edema from compression of her external iliac vein. After thorough preoperative workup to rule out infection and deep vein thrombosis and consultation with a vascular surgeon, the patient underwent revision THA and excision of her pseudotumor. She had complete resolution of her swelling at 4 years after surgery. Review of all available case reports for this rare complication revealed that almost all patients were female. All patients underwent revision THA, with resolution of their symptoms. Literature review demonstrates that women are disproportionally affected by complications associated with MoM THA. We recommend close monitoring of patients with MoM THA, particularly women, for development of adverse metal reactions.
Caleb W. Grote, Paul C. Cowan, David W. Anderson, and Kimberly J. Templeton.BioResearch Open Access. Jul 2018. ahead of print http://doi.org/10.1089/biores.2017.0035
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26660
10.1089/biores.2017.0035
Metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty
Women’s health
Pseudotumor
Unilateral leg edema
Pseudotumor from Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty Causing Unilateral Leg Edema: Case Presentation and Literature Review
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/127232018-02-23T18:33:15Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Li, Nianhu
author
Xu, Zhanwang
author
Wooley, Paul H.
author
Zhang, Jianxin
author
Yang, Shang-You
author
2013-12-10
Wear debris associated periprosthetic osteolysis represents a major pathological process associated with the aseptic loosening of joint prostheses. Naringin is a major flavonoid identified in grapefruit. Studies have shown that naringin possesses many pharmacological properties including effects on bone metabolism. The current study evaluated the influence of naringin on wear debris induced osteoclastic bone resorption both in vitro and in vivo. The osteoclast precursor cell line RAW 264.7 was cultured and stimulated with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles followed by treatment with naringin at several doses. Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), calcium release, and gene expression profiles of TRAP, cathepsin K, and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B were sequentially evaluated. PMMA challenged murine air pouch and the load bearing tibia titanium pin-implantation mouse models were used to evaluate the effects of naringin in controlling PMMA induced bone resorption. Histological analyses and biomechanical pullout tests were performed following the animal experimentation. The in vitro data clearly demonstrated the inhibitory effects of naringin in PMMA induced osteoclastogenesis. The naringin dose of 10 µg/mL exhibited the most significant influence on the suppression of TRAP activities. Naringin treatment also markedly decreased calcium release in the stimulated cell culture medium. The short-term air pouch mouse study revealed that local injection of naringin ameliorated the PMMA induced inflammatory tissue response and subsequent bone resorption. The long-term tibia pin-implantation mouse model study suggested that daily oral gavage of naringin at 300 mg/kg dosage for 30 days significantly alleviated the periprosthetic bone resorption. A significant increase of periprosthetic bone volume and regaining of the pin stability were found in naringin treated mice. Overall, this study suggests that naringin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent to treat wear debris associated osteolysis.
Li, N., Xu, Z., Wooley, P. H., Zhang, J., & Yang, S. Y. (2014). Therapeutic potentials of naringin on polymethylmethacrylate induced osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis, in vitro and in vivo assessments. Drug design, development and therapy, 8, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/DDDT.S52714
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12723
10.2147/DDDT.S52714
naringin
osteoclastogenesis
aseptic loosening
periprosthetic osteolysis
Therapeutic potentials of naringin on polymethylmethacrylate induced osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis, in vitro and in vivo assessments
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/316942021-06-24T08:00:51Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
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McGinnis, Timothy
author
Bantis, Leonidas E.
author
Madan, Rashna
author
Dandawate, Prasad
author
Kumer, Sean
author
Schmitt, Timothy
author
Paluri, Ravi Kumar
author
Kasi, Anup
author
2020-09-25
Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms (PanINs) and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are common pancreatic adenocarcinoma precursor lesions. However, data regarding their respective associations with survival rate and prognosis are lacking. We retrospectively evaluated 72 pancreatic adenocarcinoma tumor resection patients at the University of Kansas Hospital between August 2009 and March 2019. Patients were divided into one of two groups, PanIN or IPMN, based on the results of the surgical pathology report. We compared baseline characteristics, overall survival (OS), and progression free survival (PFS) between the two groups, as well as OS and PFS based on local or distant tumor recurrence for both groups combined. 52 patients had PanINs and 20 patients had IPMNs. Patients who had an IPMN precursor lesion had better median PFS and OS when compared to patients with PanIN precursor lesions. However, the location of tumor recurrence (local or distant) did not show a statistically significant difference in OS.
McGinnis, T.; Bantis, L.E.; Madan, R.; Dandawate, P.; Kumer, S.; Schmitt, T.; Paluri, R.K.; Kasi, A. Survival Outcomes of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasm (PanIN) versus Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) Associated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 3102. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103102
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31694
10.3390/jcm9103102
Pancreatic cancer
PanIN
IPMN
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Precursor lesion
Survival Outcomes of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasm (PanIN) versus Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN) Associated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/116762018-11-01T15:23:22Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Rigler, Sally K.
author
Wetmore, James B.
author
Mahnken, Jonathan D.
author
Dong, Lei
author
Ellerbeck, Edward F.
author
Shireman, Theresa I.
author
2013-01-27
Background: The Liu Comorbidity Index uses the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) to quantify comorbidity
in chronic dialysis patients, capturing baseline comorbidities from days 91 through 270 after dialysis initiation. The
270 day survival requirement results in sample size reductions and potential survivor bias. An earlier and shorter
time-frame for data capture could be beneficial, if sufficiently similar comorbidity information could be ascertained.
Methods: USRDS data were used in a retrospective observational study of 70,114 Medicare- and Medicaid-eligible
persons who initiated chronic dialysis during the years 2000–2005. The Liu index was modified by changing the
baseline comorbidity capture period to days 1–90 after dialysis initiation for persons continuously enrolled in
Medicare. The scores resulting from the original and the modified comorbidity indices were compared, and the
impact on sample size was calculated.
Results: The original Liu comorbidity index could be calculated for 75% of the sample, but the remaining 25% did
not survive to 270 days. Among 52,937 individuals for whom both scores could be calculated, the mean scores for
the original and the modified index were 7.4 ± 4.0 and 6.4 ± 3.6 points, respectively, on a 24-point scale. The most
commonly calculated difference between scores was zero, occurring in 44% of patients. Greater comorbidity was
found in those who died before 270 days.
Conclusions: A modified version of the Liu comorbidity index captures the majority of comorbidity in persons who
are Medicare-enrolled at the time of chronic dialysis initiation. This modification reduces sample size losses and
facilitates inclusion of a sicker portion of the population in whom early mortality is common.
Keywords: Comorbidity, Kidney failure, Chronic, Renal dialysis, Epidemiologic research design
Rigler, Sally K.; et al. (2013) Impact of a modified data capture period on Liu comorbidity index scores in Medicare enrollees initiating chronic dialysis. BMC Nephrology, 14:51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2369-14-51
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11676
10.1186/1471-2369-14-51
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6846-8783
Impact of a modified data capture period on Liu comorbidity index scores in Medicare enrollees initiating chronic dialysis
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295102020-01-30T19:42:24Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Erwin, Alexandra A.
author
Blumenstiel, Justin
author
2019-04-23
Background
Evolutionary theory indicates that the dynamics of aging in the soma and reproductive tissues may be distinct. This difference arises from the fact that only the germline lineage establishes future generations. In the soma, changes in the landscape of heterochromatin have been proposed to have an important role in aging. This is because redistribution of heterochromatin during aging has been linked to the derepression of transposable elements and an overall loss of somatic gene regulation. A role for changes in the chromatin landscape in the aging of reproductive tissues is less well established. Whether or not epigenetic factors, such as heterochromatin marks, are perturbed in aging reproductive tissues is of interest because, in special cases, epigenetic variation may be heritable. Using mRNA sequencing data from late-stage egg chambers in Drosophila melanogaster, we characterized the landscape of altered gene and transposable element expression in aged reproductive tissues. This allowed us to test the hypothesis that reproductive tissues may differ from somatic tissues in their response to aging.
Results
We show that age-related expression changes in late-stage egg chambers tend to occur in genes residing in heterochromatin, particularly on the largely heterochromatic 4th chromosome. However, these expression differences are seen as both decreases and increases during aging, inconsistent with a general loss of heterochromatic silencing. We also identify an increase in expression of the piRNA machinery, suggesting an age-related increased investment in the maintenance of genome stability. We further identify a strong age-related reduction in the expression of mitochondrial transcripts. However, we find no evidence for global TE derepression in reproductive tissues. Rather, the observed effects of aging on TEs are primarily strain and family specific.
Conclusions
These results identify unique responses in somatic versus reproductive tissue with regards to aging. As in somatic tissues, female reproductive tissues show reduced expression of mitochondrial genes. In contrast, the piRNA machinery shows increased expression during aging. Overall, these results also indicate that global loss of TE control observed in other studies may be unique to the soma and sensitive to genetic background and TE family.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29510
10.1186/s12864-019-5668-3
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6221-9292
Aging
Reproductive aging
Heterochromatin
Transposable element
Mitochondria
piRNA
Drosophila melanogaster
Ovary
Egg Chamber
Aging in the Drosophila ovary: contrasting changes in the expression of the piRNA machinery and mitochondria but no global release of transposable elements
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/317082022-05-02T16:38:37Zcom_1808_267com_1808_11673col_1808_16906col_1808_11675
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Fortin, Kelsey
author
Harvey, Susan
author
2021-05-10
The intersections between hunger and health are beginning to gain traction. New interventions emphasize collaboration between the health and social service sectors. This study aimed to understand the nutrition and physical activity (PA) needs as perceived by food pantry stakeholders to inform a health intervention approach. The study used formative research incorporating mixed methods through surveying and semi-structured interviews with three food pantry stakeholder groups: Clients (n = 30), staff (n = 7), and volunteers (n = 10). Pantry client participants reported; high rates of both individual (60%, n = 18) and household (43%, n = 13) disease diagnosis; low consumption (0–1 servings) of fruits (67%, n = 20) and vegetables (47%, n = 14) per day; and low levels (0–120 min) of PA (67%, n = 20) per week. Interviews identified five final convergent major themes across all three stakeholder groups including food and PA barriers, nutrition and PA literacy, health status and lifestyle, current pantry operations and adjustments, and suggestions for health intervention programming. High rates of chronic disease combined with low health literacy among pantry clients demonstrate the need to address health behaviors. Further research piloting the design and implementation of a comprehensive health behavior intervention program in the food pantry setting is needed.
Fortin, K.; Harvey, S. Hunger and Health: Taking a Formative Approach to Build a Health Intervention Focused on Nutrition and Physical Activity Needs as Perceived by Stakeholders. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1584. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051584
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31708
10.3390/nu13051584
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7687-7752
Food insecurity
Hunger and health
Nutrition
Physical activity
Health intervention
Formative research
Hunger and Health: Taking a Formative Approach to Build a Health Intervention Focused on Nutrition and Physical Activity Needs as Perceived by Stakeholders
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307342020-09-16T08:00:47Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Grote, Caleb W.
author
Tucker, William
author
Stumpff, Kelly
author
Birt, Mitchell C.
author
Horton, Greg A.
author
2020-03-24
Background:
Treatment of ankle fractures in patients with diabetes is associated with increased complication rates. Ankle arthrodesis is considered a salvage procedure after failed ankle fracture fixation, yet primary ankle arthrodesis has been proposed as a treatment option for patients with significant diabetes-related complications. To date, the characteristics of patients who undergo primary ankle arthrodesis and the associated outcomes have not been described.
Methods:
A retrospective review was performed of 13 patients with diabetes who underwent primary arthrodesis for traumatic ankle fracture. Patient demographics were characterized in addition to their diabetes complications, Adelaide Fracture in the Diabetic Ankle (AFDA) score, and fracture type. Outcomes assessed included reoperation rates, infection rates, wound complications, nonunion/malunion, amputation, and development of Charcot arthropathy postoperatively.
Results:
Patients who underwent primary arthrodesis had high rates of diabetes complications, average AFDA scores of 6.4, and high rates of severe injuries, including 38.5% open fractures and 69.2% fracture dislocations. The overall complication rate for primary arthrodesis of ankle fractures in diabetes patients was more than 75% in this cohort. Complications included a 38.5% reoperation rate, 38.5% infection rate, 53.8% wound complication rate, and 23.1% amputation rate. Despite a high nonunion rate at the attempted fusion sites, 89.9% of fractures healed and patients had a stable extremity.
Conclusion:
This review is the first to characterize the epidemiology and complications of diabetes patients undergoing primary ankle arthrodesis for ankle fractures. In this cohort, patients with multiple diabetic complications and severe injuries underwent primary arthrodesis, which led to an overall high complication rate. Further research is needed to determine the appropriate treatment option for these high-risk patients, and tibiotalocalcaneal stabilization without arthrodesis may be beneficial.
Grote CW, Tucker W, Stumpff K, Birt MC, Horton GA. Primary Arthrodesis for Diabetic Ankle Fractures. Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics. January 2020. doi:10.1177/2473011420908841
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30734
10.1177/2473011420908841
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9071-7202
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6774-909X
Diabetes
Trauma
Ankle fracture
Ankle arthrodesis
Primary Arthrodesis for Diabetic Ankle Fractures
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295422020-01-30T19:19:52Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Link, Tim
author
Kam, Yong
author
Ajlan, Radwan
author
2019-09-01
Purpose: To illustrate a case of ocular infarction following percutaneous ethanol sclerotherapy of an orbital
arteriovenous malformation.
Observations: The patient is a 31-year-old female who developed ocular infarction of the left eye with light
perception vision, proptosis, ophthalmoplegia, and a cherry red spot following sclerotherapy of an orbital arteriovenous malformation. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated decreased arteriolar filling with vascular
leakage, indocyanine green angiography showed decreased choroidal perfusion, and optical coherence tomography revealed full thickness retinal edema. Magnetic resonance angiography and venography were negative
for venous sinus thrombosis or intracranial vascular compromise.
Conclusions and Importance: Ocular infarction is a rare and devastating disorder that may result in permanent
vision loss. Ethanol sclerotherapy has been reported to be effective in treating arteriovenous malformations. To
the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of ocular infarction following percutaneous
ethanol sclerotherapy to highlight this disease with multimodal imaging
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29542
10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100457
Ocular infraction
Arteriovenous malformation
Ethanol sclerotherapy
Cherry red spot
Ethanol embolization
Ocular infarction following ethanol sclerotherapy of an arteriovenous malformation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/249382024-01-16T16:12:05Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Fazzino, Tera L.
author
Fleming, Kimberly
author
Befort, Christie
author
2016
Background
Daily alcohol intake in quantities as small as half a drink/day significantly increases the risk of breast cancer recurrence for postmenopausal survivors. Interventions designed to modify alcohol use among survivors have not been studied; however, lifestyle interventions that target change in dietary intake may affect alcohol intake.
Objective
To evaluate change in alcohol use during a weight loss intervention for obese, rural-dwelling breast cancer survivors.
Methods
Data were derived from an 18-month trial that included a 6-month weight loss intervention delivered via group conference calls, followed by a 12-month randomized weight loss maintenance phase in which participants received continued group calls or mailed newsletters. Participants who reported regular alcohol use at baseline (N=37) were included in this study.
Results
Mean daily alcohol intake significantly decreased from baseline to 6 months during the weight loss intervention (19.6-2.3 g; P=.001). Mean alcohol intake did not significantly increase (b=0.99, P=.12) during the weight loss maintenance phase (months 6-18) and did not depend on randomization group (b=0.32, P=.799).
Conclusions
Findings provide preliminary evidence that a weight loss intervention may address obesity and alcohol use risk factors for cancer recurrence. Minimal mail-based contact post weight loss can maintain alcohol use reductions through 18 months, suggesting durability in these effects. These results highlight a possibility that lifestyle interventions for survivors may modify health behaviors that are not the main foci of an intervention but that coincide with intervention goals.
Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01441011; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01441011 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6lsJ9dMa9)
Fazzino, T. L., Fleming, K., & Befort, C. (2016). Alcohol Intake Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Change in Alcohol Use During a Weight Management Intervention. JMIR Cancer, 2(2), e15. http://doi.org/10.2196/cancer.6295
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24938
10.2196/cancer.6295
PMC5367843
Alcohol Intake Among Breast Cancer Survivors: Change in Alcohol Use During a Weight Management Intervention
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/244022022-03-23T16:01:10Zcom_1808_231com_1808_11673col_1808_8665col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Craig, Jordan John-William
author
Bruetsch, Adam P.
author
Lynch, Sharon G.
author
Horak, Fay B.
author
Huisinga, Jessie M.
author
2017-05-22
BACKGROUND: There is a need for objective movement assessment for clinical research trials aimed at improving gait and balance in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Wireless inertial sensors can accurately measure numerous walking and balance parameters but these measures require evaluation of reliability in PwMS. The current study determined the test-retest reliability of wireless inertial sensor measures obtained during an instrumented standing balance test and an instrumented Timed Up and Go test in PwMS. METHODS: Fifteen PwMS and 15 healthy control subjects (HC) performed an instrumented standing balance and instrumented Timed Up and Go (TUG) test on two separate days. Ten instrumented standing balance measures and 18 instrumented TUG measures were computed from the wireless sensor data. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated to determine test-retest reliability of all instrumented standing balance and instrumented TUG measures. Correlations were evaluated between the instrumented standing balance and instrumented TUG measures and self-reported walking and balance performance, fall history, and clinical disability. RESULTS: For both groups, ICCs for instrumented standing balance measures were best for spatio-temporal measures, while frequency measures were less reliable. All instrumented TUG measures exhibited good to excellent (ICCs > 0.60) test-retest reliability in PwMS and in HC. There were no correlations between self-report walking and balance scores and instrumented TUG or instrumented standing balance metrics, but there were correlations between instrumented TUG and instrumented standing balance metrics and fall history and clinical disability status. CONCLUSIONS: Measures from the instrumented standing balance and instrumented TUG tests exhibit good to excellent reliability, demonstrating their potential as objective assessments for clinical trials. A subset of the most reliable measures is recommended for measuring walking and balance in clinical settings.
Craig, J. J., Bruetsch, A. P., Lynch, S. G., Horak, F. B., & Huisinga, J. M. (2017). Instrumented balance and walking assessments in persons with multiple sclerosis show strong test-retest reliability. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation, 14, 43. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12984-017-0251-0
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24402
10.1186/s12984-017-0251-0
PMC5441007
Balance
Walking
Accelerometers
Multiple sclerosis
Reliability
Instrumented balance and walking assessments in persons with multiple sclerosis show strong test-retest reliability
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/180682018-12-14T17:44:35Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Monnahan, Patrick Joseph
author
Kelly, John K.
author
2015-05-11
The influence of genetic interactions (epistasis) on the genetic variance of quantitative traits is a major unresolved problem relevant to medical, agricultural, and evolutionary genetics. The additive genetic component is typically a high proportion of the total genetic variance in quantitative traits, despite that underlying genes must interact to determine phenotype. This study estimates direct and interaction effects for 11 pairs of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) affecting floral traits within a single population of Mimulus guttatus. With estimates of all 9 genotypes for each QTL pair, we are able to map from QTL effects to variance components as a function of population allele frequencies, and thus predict changes in variance components as allele frequencies change. This mapping requires an analytical framework that properly accounts for bias introduced by estimation errors. We find that even with abundant interactions between QTLs, most of the genetic variance is likely to be additive. However, the strong dependency of allelic average effects on genetic background implies that epistasis is a major determinant of the additive genetic variance, and thus, the population’s ability to respond to selection.
Monnahan PJ, Kelly JK (2015) Epistasis Is a Major Determinant of the Additive Genetic Variance in Mimulus guttatus. PLoS Genet 11(5): e1005201.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005201
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/18068
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005201
Epistasis
Genetic loci
Population genetics
Evolutionary genetics
Corolla
Flowers
Alleles
Variant genotypes
Epistasis Is a Major Determinant of the Additive Genetic Variance in Mimulus guttatus
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/180652018-02-23T18:06:16Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Cherry, Joseph Bradley C.
author
Bruce, Jared M.
author
Lusk, Jason L.
author
Crespi, John M.
author
Lim, Seung-Lark
author
Bruce, Amanda S.
author
2015-04-01
For consumers today, the perceived ethicality of a food’s production method can be as important a purchasing consideration as its price. Still, few studies have examined how, neurofunctionally, consumers are making ethical, food-related decisions. We examined how consumers’ ethical concern about a food’s production method may relate to how, neurofunctionally, they make decisions whether to purchase that food. Forty-six participants completed a measure of the extent to which they took ethical concern into consideration when making food-related decisions. They then underwent a series of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans while performing a food-related decision-making (FRDM) task. During this task, they made 56 decisions whether to purchase a food based on either its price (i.e., high or low, the “price condition”) or production method (i.e., with or without the use of cages, the “production method condition”), but not both. For 23 randomly selected participants, we performed an exploratory, whole-brain correlation between ethical concern and differential neurofunctional activity in the price and production method conditions. Ethical concern correlated negatively and significantly with differential neurofunctional activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). For the remaining 23 participants, we performed a confirmatory, region-of-interest (ROI) correlation between the same variables, using an 8-mm3 volume situated in the left dlPFC. Again, the variables correlated negatively and significantly. This suggests, when making ethical, food-related decisions, the more consumers take ethical concern into consideration, the less they may rely on neurofunctional activity in the left dlPFC, possibly because making these decisions is more routine for them, and therefore a more perfunctory process requiring fewer cognitive resources.
Cherry, J. Bradley C., Jared M. Bruce, Jayson L. Lusk, John M. Crespi, Seung-Lark Lim, and Amanda S. Bruce. "Neurofunctional Correlates of Ethical, Food-Related Decision-Making." PLoS ONE PLOS ONE 10.4 (2015): n. pag. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120541.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/18065
10.1371/journal.pone.0120541
Decision making
Food consumption
Behavior
Data acquisition
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Statistical data
Animal welfare
Pork
Neurofunctional Correlates of Ethical, Food-Related Decision-Making
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307442020-09-18T08:00:52Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
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Jazayeri, Mohammad-Ali
author
Waheed, Salman
author
Shah, Zubair
author
Parashara, Deepak
author
Gupta, Kamal
author
2019-10-22
Objective
To assess the influence of body-mass index (BMI) on the association of ankle-brachial index (ABI) with mortality.
Patients and Methods
We conducted a prospective study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants enrolled from January 1, 1999 to December 31, 2002 with BMI and ABI data available. ABI categories were <0.9 (low), 0.9 to 1.3 (reference), and >1.3 (high). BMI categories were <30 kg/m2 (nonobese) and ≥30 kg/m2 (obese). Cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality were assessed by National Death Index records. Cox proportional-hazards models and Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were used to compare groups.
Results
In total, 4614 subjects were included, with mean age 56±12 years and BMI 28±6 kg/m2. Median follow-up was 10.3 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 9.3 to 11.4 years). Low and high ABI were present in 7% and 8%, respectively. After adjustment, low ABI was associated with increased all-cause and CV mortality in nonobese (hazard ratio [HR] 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1-2.1 for all-cause and 3.0 [1.8-5.1] for CV mortality) and obese individuals (1.8 [1.2-2.7] and 2.5 [1.2-5.6], respectively) compared with reference. High ABI was associated with increased CV mortality in nonobese (2.2 [1.1-4.5]) but not obese patients; it was not associated with all-cause mortality overall or when stratified by BMI.
Conclusion
In a US cohort, weight influenced the prognostic significance of high ABI. This may be related to technical factors reducing compressibility of the calf arteries in obese persons compared with those who are nonobese.
Jazayeri, Mohammad-Ali et al. Impact of Body Mass Index on the Association of Ankle-Brachial Index With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality. Mayo Clinic Proceedings: Innovations, Quality & Outcomes , Volume 3, Issue 4, 409 - 417. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.08.006
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30744
10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2019.08.006
Impact of Body Mass Index on the Association of Ankle-Brachial Index With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/344482023-06-28T06:08:29Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Leonard, Sophia M.
author
Zackula, Rosalee
author
Wilcher, Jonathan
author
2023-02-28
Background:
On December 13, 2016, the US Congress enacted the 21st Century Cures Act (hereafter the Cures Act), which contained the Final Rule mandate that took effect on April 5, 2021. Since then, health systems have been required to provide patients digital access to their eHealth information “without delay” and without charge.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess clinicians’ initial experiences with, and attitudes toward, sharing visit notes with patients after being mandated to do so by the Cures Act and to determine clinician preferences regarding instant record release.
Methods:
This cross-sectional survey study was conducted between June 10, 2021, and August 15, 2021, at the University of Kansas Health System, a large academic medical center in Kansas City, Kansas, United States. Participants included clinicians currently employed by the health system, including resident and attending physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and critical care and emergency medicine registered nurses.
Results:
A total of 1574 attending physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners, as well as 506 critical care and emergency medicine nurses, were sent invitations; 538 (34.18%) and 72 (14.2%), respectively, responded. Of 609 resident physicians, 4 (response rate not applicable because it was unknown how many residents viewed the website while the link was available) responded. The majority of respondents were attending physicians (402/614, 65.5%) and within the department of internal medicine (160/614, 26.1%). Most agreed that sharing visit notes was a good idea (355/613, 57.9%) and that it is important to speak with the patients before they accessed their records (431/613, 70.3%). Those who agreed that sharing visit notes is a good idea tended to view the practice as a useful tool for engaging patients (“Agree”: 139/355, 39.2%; “Somewhat agree”: 161/355, 45.4%; P<.001) and experience no change in the clinical value of their notes for other clinicians (326/355, 91.8%; P<.001). Those who disagreed (or were neutral) tended not to encourage patients to read their notes (235/258, 91.1%; P<.001) and were more likely to experience a change in their charting practice (168/257, 65.4%; P<.001) and increased time charting (99/258, 38.4%; P<.001).
Conclusions:
The findings of this study may be generalizable to institutions similar to the University of Kansas Health System, and the clinician testimonies gathered in this study may provide valuable insight into the initial opinions and experiences of clinicians at these institutions. In addition, these clinician experiences collected early in the transition period may be used to guide future health policy implementation and to understand how best to prepare clinicians for these changes in practice.
Leonard SM, Zackula R, Wilcher J. Attitudes and Experiences of Clinicians After Mandated Implementation of Open Notes by the 21st Century Cures Act: Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2023;25:e42021. doi: 10.2196/42021
https://hdl.handle.net/1808/34448
10.2196/42021
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-0732
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-8714
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-6965
21st Century Cures Act
Final Rule
Shared notes
Open notes
OpenNotes
Health policy
Clinician opinion
Mobile phone
Attitudes and Experiences of Clinicians After Mandated Implementation of Open Notes by the 21st Century Cures Act: Survey Study
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/266592018-07-27T08:00:54Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Barnard, Luke
author
Ajlan, Radwan
author
2018
To report a case of optic nerve avulsion after a perforating injury by an air-soft/BB gun that was successfully captured with magnetic resonance imaging.
Barnard, L., & Ajlan, R. (2018). MRI visualization of optic nerve avulsion due to ocular perforation from BB gun projectile. American Journal of Ophthalmology Case Reports.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26659
10.1016/j.ajoc.2018.06.016
MRI visualization of optic nerve avulsion due to ocular perforation from BB gun projectile
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/127222018-02-23T18:40:47Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Brimacombe, Michael
author
2014-01-08
Genomic studies have become commonplace, with thousands of gene expressions typically collected on single or multiple platforms and analyzed. Unaccounted time-ordered or epigenetic aspects of genetic expression may lead to a version of Simpson's paradox, ie, time-aggregated overall effects that do not reflect within strata patterns. Without clear functional models to motivate clustering and fitting algorithms, these confounding related issues require consideration. Several basic examples motivate discussion and more appropriate models for analysis of expression data are reviewed.
Brimacombe, M. (2014). Genomic aggregation effects and Simpson’s paradox. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/OAMS.S52288
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12722
10.2147/OAMS.S52288
Simpson's paradox
aggregation effects
mediation
genomics
Genomic aggregation effects and Simpson's paradox
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/206242018-01-25T19:53:21Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
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Chan, Kin Onn
author
Grismer, L. Lee
author
Zachariah, Anil
author
Brown, Rafe M.
author
Abraham, Robin Kurian
author
2016-01-20
The Asian Tree Toad genus Pedostibes, as currently understood, exhibits a conspicuously disjunct distribution, posing several immediate questions relating to the biogeography and taxonomy of this poorly known group. The type species, P. tuberculosus and P. kempi, are known only from India, whereas P. hosii, P. rugosus, and P. everetti are restricted to Southeast Asia. Several studies have shown that these allopatric groups are polyphyletic, with the Indian Pedostibes embedded within a primarily South Asian clade of toads, containing the genera Adenomus, Xanthophryne, and Duttaphrynus. Southeast Asian Pedostibes on the other hand, are nested within a Southeast Asian clade, which is the sister lineage to the Southeast Asian river toad genus Phrynoidis. We demonstrate that Indian and Southeast Asian Pedostibes are not only allopatric and polyphyletic, but also exhibit significant differences in morphology and reproductive mode, indicating that the Southeast Asian species’ are not congeneric with the true Pedostibes of India. As a taxonomic solution, we describe a new genus, Rentapia gen. nov. to accommodate the Southeast Asian species.
Chan KO, Grismer LL, Zachariah A, Brown RM, Abraham RK. Polyphyly of Asian Tree Toads, Genus Pedostibes Günther, 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae), and the Description of a New Genus from Southeast Asia. Lumbsch HT, ed. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(1):e0145903. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145903.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20624
10.1371/journal.pone.0145903
Polyphyly of Asian Tree Toads, Genus Pedostibes Günther, 1876 (Anura: Bufonidae), and the Description of a New Genus from Southeast Asia
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/155852018-02-23T18:20:54Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Mullen, Scott
author
Cotton, Jon
author
Bechtold, Megan
author
Toby, E. Bruce
author
2014-03-11
Background: It has been proposed that running barefoot can lead to improved strength and proprioception. However, the duration that a runner must train barefoot to observe these changes is unknown.
Hypothesis: Runners participating in a barefoot running program will have improved proprioception, increased lower extremity strength, and an increase in the volume or size of the intrinsic musculature of the feet.
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.
Methods: In this 8-week study, 29 runners with a mean age of 36.34 years were randomized into either a control group (n = 10) who completed training in their regular running shoes or to an experimental barefoot group (n = 14). Pretraining tests consisted of a volumetric measurement of the foot followed by a strength and dynamic balance assessment. Five subjects completed the pretests but did not complete the study for reasons not related to study outcomes. Participants then completed 8 weeks of training runs. They repeated the strength and dynamic balance assessment after 8 weeks.
Results: Significant changes from baseline to 8 weeks were observed within the barefoot group for single-leg hop (right, P = .0121; left, P = .0430) and reach and balance (right, P = .0029) and within the control group for single–left leg hop (P = .0286) and reach and balance (right, P = .0096; left, P = .0014). However, when comparing the differences in changes from baseline to 8 weeks between the barefoot and control groups, the improvements were not significant at the .05 level for all measures.
Conclusion: Although statistically significant changes were not observed between the pre- and posttest evaluations in strength and proprioception with the 8-week low-intensity barefoot running regimen, this does not necessarily mean that these changes do not occur. It is possible that it may take months or years to observe these changes, and a short course such as this trial is insufficient.
Mullen et al. "Barefoot Running: The Effects of an 8-Week Barefoot Training Program." Sage Publications, March 2014.
doi:10.1177/2325967114525582
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/15585
10.1177/2325967114525582
running
barefoot
barefoot running
training
Barefoot Running: The Effects of an 8-Week Barefoot Training Program
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295432020-01-30T19:13:04Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_275col_1808_11675col_1808_745
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Coughlin, Caitlin E.
author
Fiorentino, Robert
author
Royle, Phaedra
author
Steinhauer, Karsten
author
2019-05-20
The extent to which non-native speakers are sensitive to morphological structure during language processing remains a matter of debate. The present study used a masked-priming lexical decision task with simultaneous electroencephalographic (EEG) recording to investigate whether native and non-native speakers of French yield similar or different behavioral and brain-level responses to inflected verbs. The results from reaction time and EEG analyses indicate that both native and non-native French speakers were indeed sensitive to morphological structure, and that this sensitivity cannot be explained simply by the presence of orthographic or semantic overlap between prime and target. Moreover, sensitivity to morphological structure in non-native speakers was not influenced by proficiency (as reflected by the N400); lower-level learners show similar sensitivity at the word level as very advanced learners. These results demonstrate that native-like processing of inflectional morphology is possible in adult learners, even at lower levels of proficiency, which runs counter to proposals suggesting that native-like processing of inflection is beyond non-native speakers' reach.
The question of whether or not adult learners of a second language can decompose inflected words (e.g., walked) into morphological constituents (walk+-ed) and access morphological-level representations in the lexicon has received much attention in recent years. Some researchers propose that, like native speakers, second language (L2) learners are indeed sensitive to the morphological structure of inflected forms, and process complex forms via their morphological constituents (e.g., Basnight-Brown et al., 2007; Feldman et al., 2010; Coughlin and Tremblay, 2015), although it has been suggested that this may only be possible at high levels of proficiency (e.g., Ullman, 2005; Bowden et al., 2010; Babcock et al., 2012). By contrast, other researchers have proposed that adult L2 learners are insensitive to inflectional morphological structure due to a deficient grammar, and this deficiency is not predicted to improve with increased proficiency (e.g., Silva and Clahsen, 2008; Neubauer and Clahsen, 2009; Clahsen et al., 2010; Jacob et al., 2013, 2018). While some studies have found evidence of non-native speakers decomposing derived words (e.g., Silva and Clahsen, 2008; Jacob et al., 2018), many studies fail to find evidence for inflectional morphology decomposition. Given mixed results from recent studies, our current understanding of how non-native speakers process morphologically complex words remains unclear. The present study used a masked-priming lexical decision task during EEG recording to investigate how native and non-native French speakers process verbal inflection morphology. The combined use of masked priming and EEG allows one to test not only whether learners are able to show native-like sensitivity to inflectional morphology in their behavioral responses, but also whether their brain responses are indeed qualitatively similar to those of native speakers.
Coughlin CE, Fiorentino R, Royle P
and Steinhauer K (2019) Sensitivity to
Inflectional Morphology in a
Non-native Language: Evidence From
ERPs. Front. Commun. 4:21.
doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2019.00021
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29543
10.3389/fcomm.2019.00021
Morphological priming
inflectional morphology
ERPs
second language
French
Sensitivity to Inflectional Morphology in a Non-native Language: Evidence From ERPs
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/180572018-11-28T17:29:19Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Pacheco, Joseph A.
author
Pacheco, Christina M.
author
Lewis, Charley Sabe
author
Williams, Chandler
author
Barnes, Charles
author
Rosenwasser, Lanny J.
author
Choi, Won S.
author
Daley, Christine Makosky
author
2015-03-04
American Indians (AI) have the highest rate of severe physical housing problems in the U.S. (3.9%). Little information exists about the environmental hazards in AI homes. The purposes of this paper are to discuss challenges that were encountered when recruiting AI for a home-and employment-based environmental health assessments, highlight major successes, and propose recommendations for future indoor environmental health studies. The Center for American Indian Community Health (CAICH) and Children’s Mercy Hospital’s Center for Environmental Health and Allergy and Immunology Research Lab collaborated to provide educational sessions and healthy home assessments for AI. Through educational trainings, more than 240 AI were trained on the primary causes of health problems in homes. A total of 72 homes and places of employment were assessed by AI environmental health specialists. The top three categories with the most concerns observed in the homes/places of employment were allergens/dust (98%), safety/injury (89%) and chemical exposure (82%). While some information on smoking inside the home was collected, these numbers may have been underreported due to stigma. This was CAICH’s first endeavor in environmental health and although challenges arose, many more successes were achieved.
Pacheco, Joseph, Christina Pacheco, Charley Lewis, Chandler Williams, Charles Barnes, Lanny Rosenwasser, Won Choi, and Christine Daley. "Ensuring Healthy American Indian Generations for Tomorrow through Safe and Healthy Indoor Environments." IJERPH International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 12.3 (2015): 2810-822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph120302810.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/18057
10.3390/ijerph120302810
American indians
Healthy home
Home assessment
Environmental
Ensuring Healthy American Indian Generations for Tomorrow through Safe and Healthy Indoor Environments
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307352020-09-16T08:00:48Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Cortez Granados, Samuel
author
Batsch, Jonathan
author
Lui, Asona
author
Hessman, Jacob
author
Gloyeske, Nika
author
Panchal, Apurva
author
2020-03-16
Teenage pregnancy is not uncommon, but given the age of the patient, experience, and competency among medical providers varies. While toxic‐shock syndrome from group A streptococcus is rare in teenage pregnancy, observed is a gap in care of bridging.
Cortez Granados S, Batsch J, Lui A, Hessman J, Gloyeske N, Panchal A. A rare case of group A streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome in a postpartum adolescent leading to multi-organ failure. Clin Case Rep. 2020;8:793–797. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.2799
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30735
10.1002/ccr3.2799
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6534-8751
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4623-1237
Hysterectomy
Intravenous immunoglobulin
Pregnancy
Teenager
Toxic-shock syndrome
A rare case of group A streptococcal toxic‐shock syndrome in a postpartum adolescent leading to multi‐organ failure
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/127112018-11-01T15:30:04Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_89col_1808_11675col_1808_90
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Siew, Cynthia S. Q.
author
2013-08-27
Community structure, which refers to the presence of densely connected groups within a larger network, is a common feature of several real-world networks from a variety of domains such as the human brain, social networks of hunter-gatherers and business organizations, and the World Wide Web (Porter et al., 2009). Using a community detection technique known as the Louvain optimization method, 17 communities were extracted from the giant component of the phonological network described in Vitevitch (2008). Additional analyses comparing the lexical and phonological characteristics of words in these communities against words in randomly generated communities revealed several novel discoveries. Larger communities tend to consist of short, frequent words of high degree and low age of acquisition ratings, and smaller communities tend to consist of longer, less frequent words of low degree and high age of acquisition ratings. Real communities also contained fewer different phonological segments compared to random communities, although the number of occurrences of phonological segments found in real communities was much higher than that of the same phonological segments in random communities. Interestingly, the observation that relatively few biphones occur very frequently and a large number of biphones occur rarely within communities mirrors the pattern of the overall frequency of words in a language (Zipf, 1935). The present findings have important implications for understanding the dynamics of activation spread among words in the phonological network that are relevant to lexical processing, as well as understanding the mechanisms that underlie language acquisition and the evolution of language.
Siew CSQ (2013) Community structure in the phonological network. Front. Psychol. 4:553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00553
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/12711
10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00553
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3384-7374
Network science
Mental lexicon
Community structure
Lexical processing
Language acquisition
Language evolution
Phonology
Community structure in the phonological network
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/249372024-01-16T16:12:05Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_89col_1808_11675col_1808_90
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Hidaka, Brandon H.
author
Kerling, Elizabeth Helen
author
Thodosoff, Jocelynn M.
author
Sullivan, Debra K.
author
Colombo, John
author
Carlson, Susan E.
author
2016-11
Background
Dietary habits established in early childhood and maternal socioeconomic status (SES) are important, complex, interrelated factors that influence a child’s growth and development. The aim of this study was to define the major dietary patterns in a cohort of young US children, construct a maternal SES index, and evaluate their associations.
Methods
The diets of 190 children from a randomized, controlled trial of prenatal supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were recorded at 6-mo intervals from 2-4.5 years by 24-h dietary recall. Hierarchical cluster analysis of age-adjusted, average daily intake of 24 food and beverage groups was used to categorize diet. Unrotated factor analysis generated an SES score from maternal race, ethnicity, age, education, and neighborhood income.
Results
We identified two major dietary patterns: “Prudent” and “Western.” The 85 (45%) children with a Prudent diet consumed more whole grains, fruit, yogurt and low-fat milk, green and non-starchy vegetables, and nuts and seeds. Conversely, those with a Western diet had greater intake of red meat, discretionary fat and condiments, sweet beverages, refined grains, French fries and potato chips, eggs, starchy vegetables, processed meats, chicken and seafood, and whole-fat milk. Compared to a Western diet, a Prudent diet was associated with one standard deviation higher maternal SES (95% CI: 0.80 to 1.30).
Conclusions
We found two major dietary patterns of young US children and defined a single, continuous axis of maternal SES that differed strongly between groups. This is an important first step to investigate how child diet, SES, and prenatal DHA supplementation interact to influence health outcomes.
Trial registration
NCT00266825. Prospectively registered on December 15, 2005
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0729-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Hidaka, B. H., Kerling, E. H., Thodosoff, J. M., Sullivan, D. K., Colombo, J., & Carlson, S. E. (2016). Dietary patterns of early childhood and maternal socioeconomic status in a unique prospective sample from a randomized controlled trial of Prenatal DHA Supplementation. BMC Pediatrics, 16, 191. http://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0729-0
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24937
10.1186/s12887-016-0729-0
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2378-3621
PMC5123236
Dietary pattern
Empirically derived
Multivariate
Early childhood
Socioeconomic status
Dietary patterns of early childhood and maternal socioeconomic status in a unique prospective sample from a randomized controlled trial of Prenatal DHA Supplementation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115392018-07-27T16:34:06Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_5423col_1808_11675col_1808_5425
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Jo, Sunhwan
author
Lee, Hui Sun
author
Skolnick, Jeffrey
author
Im, Wonpil
author
2013-03-14
Understanding glycan structure and dynamics is central to understanding protein-carbohydrate recognition and its role in protein-protein interactions. Given the difficulties in obtaining the glycan's crystal structure in glycoconjugates due to its flexibility and heterogeneity, computational modeling could play an important role in providing glycosylated protein structure models. To address if glycan structures available in the PDB can be used as templates or fragments for glycan modeling, we present a survey of the N-glycan structures of 35 different sequences in the PDB. Our statistical analysis shows that the N-glycan structures found on homologous glycoproteins are significantly conserved compared to the random background, suggesting that N-glycan chains can be confidently modeled with template glycan structures whose parent glycoproteins share sequence similarity. On the other hand, N-glycan structures found on non-homologous glycoproteins do not show significant global structural similarity. Nonetheless, the internal substructures of these N-glycans, particularly, the substructures that are closer to the protein, show significantly similar structures, suggesting that such substructures can be used as fragments in glycan modeling. Increased interactions with protein might be responsible for the restricted conformational space of N-glycan chains. Our results suggest that structure prediction/modeling of N-glycans of glycoconjugates using structure database could be effective and different modeling approaches would be needed depending on the availability of template structures.
Im, Wonpil; et al. (2013) Restricted N-glycan Conformational Space in the PDB and Its Implication in Glycan Structure Modeling. Plos Computational Biology, 9.3: 1-10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002946
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11539
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002946
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4104-6473
Restricted N-glycan Conformational Space in the PDB and Its Implication in Glycan Structure Modeling
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/344522023-06-28T06:08:36Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Huang, Chun-Kai
author
Buster, Thad W.
author
Siu, Ka-Chun
author
Burnfield, Judith M.
author
2022-12-07
Virtual reality (VR) gaming is promising in sustaining children’s participation during intensive physical rehabilitation. This study investigated how integration of a custom active serious gaming with a robot-motorized elliptical impacted children’s perception of engagement (Intrinsic Motivation Inventory), physiologic effort (i.e., exercise speed, heart rate, lower extremity muscle activation), and joint kinematics while overriding the motor’s assistance. Compared to Non-VR condition, during the VR-enhanced condition participants’ perceived engagement was 23% greater (p = 0.01), self-selected speed was 10% faster (p = 0.02), heart rate was 7% higher (p = 0.08) and muscle demands increased. Sagittal plane kinematics demonstrated only a small change at the knee. This study demonstrated that VR plays an essential role in promoting greater engagement and physiologic effort in children performing a cyclic locomotor rehabilitation task, without causing any adverse events or substantial disruption in lower extremity joint kinematics. The outcomes of this study provide a foundation for understanding the role of future VR-enhanced interventions and research studies that weigh/balance the need to physiologically challenge a child during training with the value of promoting task-related training to help promote recovery of walking.
Huang C-K, Buster TW, Siu K-C and Burnfield JM (2022), Combining a nonimmersive virtual reality gaming with motor-assisted elliptical exercise increases engagement and physiologic effort in children. Front. Virtual Real. 3:1063187. doi: 10.3389/frvir.2022.1063187
https://hdl.handle.net/1808/34452
10.3389/frvir.2022.1063187
Virtual reality
Serious gaming
Engagement
Electromyography
Heart rate
Joint kinematics
Combining a non-immersive virtual reality gaming with motor-assisted elliptical exercise increases engagement and physiologic effort in children
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307552020-10-08T14:21:56Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
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Puri, Rajni Vaid
author
Yerrathota, Sireesha
author
Home, Trisha
author
Idowu, Jessica Y.
author
Chakravarthi, V. Praveen
author
Ward, Christopher J.
author
Singhal, Pravin C.
author
Vanden Heuvel, Gregory B.
author
Fields, Timothy A.
author
Sharma, Madhulika
author
2019-12-17
Notch pathway activation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many glomerular diseases. We have previously shown that Notch4 expression was upregulated in various renal cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) patients and rodent models of HIVAN. In this study, we examined whether the Notch pathway can be distinctly activated by HIV-1 gene products and whether Notch4, in particular, can influence disease progression. Using luciferase reporter assays, we did not observe activation of the NOTCH4 promoter with the HIV protein Nef in podocytes. Further, we observed upregulated expression of a gamma secretase complex protein, presenilin 1, but not Notch4, in podocytes infected with an HIV-1 expression construct. To assess the effects of Notch4 on HIVAN disease progression, we engineered Tg26 mice with global deletion of the Notch4 intracellular domain (Notch4dl), which is required for signaling function. These mice (Notch4d1/Tg26+) showed a significant improvement in renal function and a significant decrease in mortality compared to Tg26 mice. Histological examination of kidneys showed that Notch4d1/Tg26+ mice had overall glomerular, tubulointerstitial injury and a marked decrease in interstitial inflammation. A significant decrease in the proliferating cells was observed in the tubulointerstitial compartments of Notch4d1/Tg26+ mice. Consistent with the diminished inflammation, kidneys from Notch4d1/Tg26+ mice also showed a significant decrease in expression of the inflammatory cytokine transcripts Il-6 and Ccl2, as well as the master inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB (Nfkb1 transcripts and p65 protein). These data identify Notch4 as an important mediator of tubulointerstitial injury and inflammation in HIVAN and a potential therapeutic target.
Rajni Vaid Puri, Sireesha Yerrathota, Trisha Home, Jessica Y. Idowu, V. Praveen Chakravarthi, Christopher J. Ward, Pravin C. Singhal, Gregory B. Vanden Heuvel, Timothy A. Fields, Madhulika Sharma; Disease Models & Mechanisms 2019 12: dmm040642 doi: 10.1242/dmm.040642 Published 17 December 2019
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30755
10.1242/dmm.040642
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6898-358X
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1477-0236
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-6711
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7488-5444
HIVAN
Notch4
Inflammation
Notch4 activation aggravates NF-κB-mediated inflammation in HIV-1-associated nephropathy
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/326692022-03-24T08:00:52Zcom_1808_1029com_1808_11673col_1808_5417col_1808_11675
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Stiller, Maya
author
2021-10-15
Considering visual culture alongside written source material, this article uncovers the socioeconomic aspect of Korean Buddhist monastic life, which has been a marginalized field of research. Arguing against the idea of an “other-worldly” Buddhism, the article specifically discusses the ways in which Buddhist monasteries conducted fundraising activities in late Koryŏ period (918–1392 CE) Korea. Via fundraising strategies, which targeted wealthy aristocrats as well as the commoner population, Buddhist monks managed the production and maintenance of Buddhist material culture, such as the construction of shrines, the casting of precious sculptures, and the carving of thousands of woodblocks used for the printing of sacred Buddhist scriptures. While the scholarship on Koryŏ Buddhism has traditionally focused on meditation, doctrine, state sponsored rituals, and temples’ relationships with the royal court, this study expands the field by showing that economic activities were salient features of Koryŏ Buddhism “on the ground.” By initiating and overseeing fundraising activities, Buddhist manager-monks not only gained merit, but also maintained the presence and physical appearance of Buddhist temples, which constitute the framework of Buddhist ritual and practice.
Stiller, M. Precious Items Piling up Like Mountains: Buddhist Art Production via Fundraising Campaigns in Late Koryŏ Korea (918–1392). Religions 2021, 12, 885. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12100885
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/32669
10.3390/rel12100885
Buddhism
Koryo period (918–1392)
Economic history
Fundraising
Medicine Buddha
Koryŏ Tripiṭaka
Woodblock prints
Dedication materials (pokchangmul)
Precious Items Piling up Like Mountains: Buddhist Art Production via Fundraising Campaigns in Late Koryŏ Korea (918–1392)
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307492020-09-18T08:00:48Zcom_1808_984com_1808_11673col_1808_985col_1808_11675
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Hime, Paul M.
author
Briggler, Jeffrey T.
author
Reece, Joshua S.
author
Weisrock, David W.
author
2019-10-01
Systems of genetic sex determination and the homology of sex chromosomes in different taxa vary greatly across vertebrates. Much progress remains to be made in understanding systems of genetic sex determination in non-model organisms, especially those with homomorphic sex chromosomes and/or large genomes. We used reduced representation genome sequencing to investigate genetic sex determination systems in the salamander family Cryptobranchidae (genera Cryptobranchus and Andrias), which typifies both of these inherent difficulties. We tested hypotheses of male- or female-heterogamety by sequencing hundreds of thousands of anonymous genomic regions in a panel of known-sex cryptobranchids and characterized patterns of presence/absence, inferred zygosity, and depth of coverage to identify sex-linked regions of these 56 gigabase genomes. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that all cryptobranchid species possess homologous systems of female heterogamety, despite maintenance of homomorphic sex chromosomes over nearly 60 million years. Additionally, we report a robust, non-invasive genetic assay for sex diagnosis in Cryptobranchus and Andrias which may have great utility for conservation efforts with these endangered salamanders. Co-amplification of these W-linked markers in both cryptobranchid genera provides evidence for long-term sex chromosome stasis in one of the most divergent salamander lineages. These findings inform hypotheses about the ancestral mode of sex determination in salamanders, but suggest that comparative data from other salamander families are needed. Our results further demonstrate that massive genomes are not necessarily a barrier to effective genome-wide sequencing and that the resulting data can be highly informative about sex determination systems in taxa with homomorphic sex chromosomes.
Paul M. Hime, Jeffrey T. Briggler, Joshua S. Reece and David W. Weisrock; Genomic Data Reveal Conserved Female Heterogamety in Giant Salamanders with Gigantic Nuclear Genomes G3: GENES, GENOMES, GENETICS October 1, 2019 vol. 9 no. 10 3467-3476; https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.119.400556
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30749
10.1534/g3.119.400556
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5322-4161
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6187-5623
Amphibian
W chromosome
ddRADseq
Cryptobranchus
Andrias
Genetics of Sex
Genomic Data Reveal Conserved Female Heterogamety in Giant Salamanders with Gigantic Nuclear Genomes
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/294592020-01-30T19:59:30Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Siengsukon, Catherine F.
author
Alshehri, Mohammed
author
Aldughmi, Mayis
author
2018-10-01
Background: Nearly 70% of individuals with multiple sclerosis report sleep disturbances or poor sleep
quality. Sleep disturbances may exacerbate or complicate the management of multiple sclerosis-related
symptoms. While sleep variability has been associated with several health outcomes, it is unclear how
sleep variability is associated with multiple sclerosis-related symptoms.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine how total sleep time variability combined with
self-reported sleep quality is associated with fatigue, depression, and anxiety in individuals with multiple sclerosis.
Methods: This study involved a secondary analysis of actigraphy data and questionnaires to assess sleep
quality, fatigue, anxiety, and depression.
Results: There were significant differences between the Good Sleepers (good sleep quality/low sleep
time variability; n¼14) and Bad Sleepers (poor sleep quality/high sleep time variability; n¼23) in
overall fatigue (p¼0.003), cognitive (p¼0.002) and psychosocial fatigue (p¼0.01) subscales, and in
trait anxiety (p¼0.007). There were significant differences in state (p¼0.004) and trait (p¼0.001) anxiety and depression (p¼0.002) between the Good Sleepers and Poor Reported Sleepers (poor sleep
quality/low sleep time variability; n¼24).
Conclusion: These results indicate different factors are associated with poor sleep quality in individuals
with low versus high total sleep time variability. Considering the factors that are associated with sleep
quality and variability may allow for better tailoring of interventions aimed at improving sleep issues or
comorbid conditions.
Siengsukon, C. F., Alshehri, M., & Aldughmi, M. (2018). Self-report sleep quality combined with sleep time variability distinguishes differences in fatigue, anxiety, and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical. https://doi.org/10.1177/2055217318815924
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29459
10.1177/2055217318815924
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7706-6804
Sleep quality
sleep variability
multiple sclerosis
fatigue
anxiety
depression
Self-report sleep quality combined with sleep time variability distinguishes differences in fatigue, anxiety, and depression in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A secondary analysis
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115372018-02-23T18:56:47Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_5423col_1808_11675col_1808_5425
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dc
Dentler, William L., Jr
author
2013-01-24
Flagellar assembly requires coordination between the assembly of axonemal proteins and the assembly of the flagellar membrane and membrane proteins. Fully grown steady-state Chlamydomonas flagella release flagellar vesicles from their tips and failure to resupply membrane should affect flagellar length. To study vesicle release, plasma and flagellar membrane surface proteins were vectorially pulse-labeled and flagella and vesicles were analyzed for biotinylated proteins. Based on the quantity of biotinylated proteins in purified vesicles, steady-state flagella appeared to shed a minimum of 16% of their surface membrane per hour, equivalent to a complete flagellar membrane being released every 6 hrs or less. Brefeldin-A destroyed Chlamydomonas Golgi, inhibited the secretory pathway, inhibited flagellar regeneration, and induced full-length flagella to disassemble within 6 hrs, consistent with flagellar disassembly being induced by a failure to resupply membrane. In contrast to membrane lipids, a pool of biotinylatable membrane proteins was identified that was sufficient to resupply flagella as they released vesicles for 6 hrs in the absence of protein synthesis and to support one and nearly two regenerations of flagella following amputation. These studies reveal the importance of the secretory pathway to assemble and maintain full-length flagella.
Dentler, William. (2013) A Role for the Membrane in Regulating Chlamydomonas Flagellar Length. Plos One, 8.1: 1-12. http://dx/doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053366
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11537
10.1371/journal.pone.0053366
A Role for the Membrane in Regulating Chlamydomonas Flagellar Length
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307522020-09-22T08:00:46Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
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Kaufman, Carolyn S.
author
Bai, Stephen X.
author
Ward, Jaimie L.
author
Eickmeyer, Sarah M.
author
Billinger, Sandra A.
author
2019-11-05
Blood flow regulation is impaired in people with stroke. However, the time course of change in middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) following repeated stroke at rest and during exercise remains unknown. In this case study, we provide novel characterization of the dynamic kinetic MCAv response profile to moderate‐intensity exercise before and after repeated ischemic MCA stroke. The initial stroke occurred in the left MCA. At 3 months poststroke, left MCAv amplitude (Amp) was ~50% lower than the right. At the 6‐month follow‐up visit, MCAv Amp declined in both MCA with the left MCAv Amp ~50% lower than the right MCAv Amp. Following a second right MCA stroke, we report further decline in Amp for the left MCA. At the 3‐ and 6‐month visit following the second stroke, the left MCAv Amp declined further (~10%). The right MCAv Amp dramatically decreased by 81.3% when compared to the initial study visit. The MCAv kinetic analysis revealed a marked impairment in the cerebrovascular response to exercise following stroke. We discuss potential pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to poststroke cerebrovascular dysfunction and the need to test therapeutic interventions (such as exercise) that might attenuate cerebrovascular decline in people following stroke.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30752
10.14814/phy2.14268
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1618-7207
Cerebrovascular
Exercise
Stroke,
Ultrasound
Middle cerebral artery velocity dynamic response profile during exercise is attenuated following multiple ischemic strokes: A case report
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/134722018-02-23T18:27:15Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_89col_1808_11675col_1808_90
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Botanov, Yevgeny
author
Ilardi, Stephen S.
author
2013-09-24
Despite the emergence of numerous clinical and non-clinical applications of bright light therapy (LT) in recent decades, the prevalence and severity of LT side effects have not yet been fully explicated. A few adverse LT effects—headache, eye strain, irritability, and nausea—have been consistently reported among depressed individuals and other psychiatric cohorts, but there exists little published evidence regarding LT side effects in non-clinical populations, who often undergo LT treatment of considerably briefer duration. Accordingly, in the present study we examined, in a randomized sample of healthy young adults, the acute side effects of exposure to a single 30-minute session of bright white light (10,000 lux) versus dim red light (< 500 lux). Across a broad range of potential side effects, repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed no significant group-by-time (Pre, Post) interactions. In other words, bright light exposure was not associated with a significantly higher incidence of any reported side effect than was the placebo control condition. Nevertheless, small but statistically significant increases in both eye strain and blurred vision were observed among both the LT and control groups. Overall, these results suggest that the relatively common occurrence of adverse side effects observed in the extant LT literature may not fully extend to non-clinical populations, especially for healthy young adults undergoing LT for a brief duration.
Botanov Y, Ilardi SS (2013) The Acute Side Effects of Bright Light Therapy: A Placebo-Controlled Investigation. PLoS ONE 8(9): e75893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0075893
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/13472
10.1371/journal.pone.0075893
The Acute Side Effects of Bright Light Therapy: A Placebo-Controlled Investigation
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/260552023-03-29T01:09:24Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_275col_1808_11675col_1808_745
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Li, Mingxing
author
Zhang, Jie
author
2017-07-18
Mandarin Chinese has dental, palatal, and retroflex sibilants, but their contrasts before [_i] are avoided: The palatals appear before [i] while the dentals and retroflexes appear before homorganic syllabic approximants (a.k.a. apical vowels). An enhancement view regards the apical vowels as a way to avoid the weak contrast /si-ɕi-ȿi/. We focus on the dental vs. palatal contrast in this study and test the enhancement-based hypothesis that the dental and palatal sibilants are perceptually less distinct in the [_i] context than in other vowel contexts. This hypothesis is supported by a typological survey of 155 Chinese dialects, which showed that contrastive [si, tsi, tsʰi] and [ɕi, tɕi, tɕʰi] tend to be avoided even when there are no retroflexes in the sound system. We also conducted a speeded-AX discrimination experiment with 20 English listeners and 10 Chinese listeners to examine the effect of vowels ([_i], [_a], [_ou]) on the perceived distinctiveness of sibilant contrasts ([s-ɕ], [ts-tɕ], [tsʰ-tɕʰ]). The results showed that the [_i] context introduced a longer response time, thus reduced distinctiveness, than other vowels, confirming our hypothesis. Moreover, the general lack of difference between the two groups of listeners indicates that the vowel effect is language-independent.
Li, M., & Zhang, J. (2017). Perceptual distinctiveness between dental and palatal sibilants in different vowel contexts and its implications for phonological contrasts. Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology, 8(1), 18. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/labphon.27
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/26055
10.5334/labphon.27
Perceptual distinctiveness
Sibilant contrast
Vowel context
Chinese
Speeded-AX discrimination
Perceptual distinctiveness between dental and palatal sibilants in different vowel contexts and its implications for phonological contrasts
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/205422020-11-02T20:26:41Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
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Reeves, Tarian
author
Samy, Abdallah M.
author
Peterson, A. Townsend
author
2015-09
Background
Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has spread rapidly across much of the Middle East, but no quantitative mapping of transmission risk has been developed to date. Moreover, details of the transmission cycle of the virus remain unclear, particularly regarding the role of camels as a reservoir host for human infections.
Methods
We present a first analysis of the environmental circumstances under which MERS-CoV cases have occurred in the Middle East, covering all case occurrences through May 2015, using ecological niche modeling approaches to map transmission risk. We compare the environmental breadth of conditions under which cases have reported camel contacts with that of the broader population of all cases, to assess whether camel-associated cases occur under a more restricted set of environmental circumstances.
Results
We documented geographic and environmental distributions of MERS-CoV cases across the Middle East, and offer preliminary mapping of transmission risk. We confirm the idea that climatic dimensions of camel-associated cases are more constrained and less variable than the broader suite of case occurrences; hence, camel exposure may be a key limiting element in MERS-CoV transmission.
Conclusion
This study offers a first detailed geographic and environmental analysis of MERS-CoV distributions across the Middle East. Results indicated that camel-exposed cases occur under a narrower suite of environmental conditions than non-camel-exposed cases, suggesting perhaps a key role for camels in the transmission of the disease, and perhaps a narrower area of risk for ‘primary,’ camel-derived cases of MERS.
Reeves, Tarian, Abdallah M. Samy, and A. Townsend Peterson. "MERS-CoV Geography and Ecology in the Middle East: Analyses of Reported Camel Exposures and a Preliminary Risk Map." BMC Research Notes BMC Res Notes 8.1 (2015): n. pag. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1789-1
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20542
10.1186/s13104-015-1789-1
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-1134
MERS-CoV
Virus
Transmission
Camel
Host
Reservoir host
Risk map
Ecological niche
MERS-CoV geography and ecology in the Middle East: analyses of reported camel exposures and a preliminary risk map
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/336682022-11-22T18:33:39Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Martin, Rene P.
author
Dias, Abigail S.
author
Summers, Adam P.
author
Gerringer, Mackenzie E.
author
2022-10-16
Extreme abiotic factors in deep-sea environments, such as near-freezing temperatures, low light, and high hydrostatic pressure, drive the evolution of adaptations that allow organisms to survive under these conditions. Pelagic and benthopelagic fishes that have invaded the deep sea face physiological challenges from increased compression of gasses at depth, which limits the use of gas cavities as a buoyancy aid. One adaptation observed in deep-sea fishes to increase buoyancy is a decrease of high-density tissues. In this study, we analyze mineralization of high-density skeletal tissue in rattails (family Macrouridae), a group of widespread benthopelagic fishes that occur from surface waters to greater than 7000 m depth. We test the hypothesis that rattail species decrease bone density with increasing habitat depth as an adaptation to maintaining buoyancy while living under high hydrostatic pressures. We performed micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scans on 15 species and 20 specimens of rattails and included two standards of known hydroxyapatite concentration (phantoms) to approximate voxel brightness to bone density. Bone density was compared across four bones (eleventh vertebra, lower jaw, pelvic girdle, and first dorsal-fin pterygiophore). On average, the lower jaw was significantly denser than the other bones. We found no correlation between bone density and depth or between bone density and phylogenetic relationships. Instead, we observed that bone density increases with increasing specimen length within and between species. This study adds to the growing body of work that suggests bone density can increase with growth in fishes, and that bone density does not vary in a straightforward way with depth.
Rene P Martin, Abigail S Dias, Adam P Summers, Mackenzie E Gerringer, Bone Density Variation in Rattails (Macrouridae, Gadiformes): Buoyancy, Depth, Body Size, and Feeding, Integrative Organismal Biology, Volume 4, Issue 1, 2022, obac044, https://doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac044
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/33668
10.1093/iob/obac044
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-7160
Bone Density Variation in Rattails (Macrouridae,Gadiformes): Buoyancy, Depth, Body Size, and Feeding
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/248882018-11-20T17:57:55Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_89col_1808_11675col_1808_90
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Breda, Aili Ilona
author
Watts, Amber
author
2017-04
Objective: The present study examined how expectations regarding aging (ERA) influence physical activity participation and physical function. Method: We surveyed 148 older adults about their ERA (ERA-38), health-promoting lifestyles (HPLP-II), and self-rated health (RAND-36). We tested the mediating effect of physical activity on the relationships between ERA and physical function. Results: Positive expectations were associated with more engagement in physical activity (B = 0.016, p < .05) and better physical function (B = 0.521, p < .01). Physical activity mediated the relationship between ERA and physical function (B = 5.890, p < .01, indirect effect 0.092, CI = [0.015, 0.239]). Discussion: ERA play an important role in adoption of physically active lifestyles in older adults and may influence health outcomes, such as physical function. Future research should evaluate whether attempts to increase physical activity are more successful when modifications to ERA are also targeted.
Breda, A. I., & Watts, A. S. (2017). Expectations Regarding Aging, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in Older Adults. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 3, 2333721417702350. http://doi.org/10.1177/2333721417702350
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24888
10.1177/2333721417702350
PMC5406123
Older adults
Expectations
Aging
Active life/ physical activity
Physical function
Health
Expectations Regarding Aging, Physical Activity, and Physical Function in Older Adults
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115432018-02-23T18:54:28Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Herrington, Luke M.
author
2013-3-12
Religion has long been a driving force in the process of globalization. This idea is not controversial or novel thinking, nor is it meant to be. However, the dominant reasoning on the subject of globalization, expressed by authors like Thomas Friedman, places economics at the center of analysis, skewing focus from the ideational factors at work in this process. By expanding the definition of globalization to accommodate ideational factors and cultural exchange, religion’s agency in the process can be enabled. Interestingly, the story of religion and globalization is in some ways the history of globalization, but it is riddled with paradoxes, including the agent-opponent paradox, the subject of this article. Religion and globalization have a co-constitutive relationship, but religious actors are both agents of globalization and principals in its backlash. While some actors might benefit from a mutually reinforcing relationship with globalization, others are marginalized in some way or another, so it is necessary to expose the links and wedges that allow for such a paradox. To that end, the concepts of globalization and religious actors must be defined, and the history of the agent-opponent paradox, from the Buddhists of the Silk Road to the Jubilee campaign of 2000, must be elucidated.
Herrington, Luke M. (2013) Globalization and Religion in Historical Perspective: A Paradoxical Relationship. Religions, 4: 145-165 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel4010145
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11543
10.3390/rel4010145
Globalization and Religion in Historical Perspective: A Paradoxical Relationship
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/316992021-06-24T08:00:53Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_238com_1808_89com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_13429col_1808_90col_1808_29396
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Baldwin, Isaac
author
Shafer, Robin L.
author
Hossain, Waheeda A.
author
Gunewardena, Sumedha
author
Veatch, Olivia J.
author
Mosconi, Matthew W.
author
Butler, Merlin G.
author
2021-02-07
The 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (Burnside-Butler) syndrome is emerging as the most common cytogenetic finding in patients with neurodevelopmental or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) presenting for microarray genetic testing. Clinical findings in Burnside-Butler syndrome include developmental and motor delays, congenital abnormalities, learning and behavioral problems, and abnormal brain findings. To better define symptom presentation, we performed comprehensive cognitive and behavioral testing, collected medical and family histories, and conducted clinical genetic evaluations. The 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 region includes the TUBGCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA1, and NIPA2 genes. To determine if additional genomic variation outside of the 15q11.2 region influences expression of symptoms in Burnside-Butler syndrome, whole-exome sequencing was performed on the parents and affected children for the first time in five families with at least one parent and child with the 15q1l.2 BP1-BP2 deletion. In total, there were 453 genes with possibly damaging variants identified across all of the affected children. Of these, 99 genes had exclusively de novo variants and 107 had variants inherited exclusively from the parent without the deletion. There were three genes (APBB1, GOLGA2, and MEOX1) with de novo variants that encode proteins evidenced to interact with CYFIP1. In addition, one other gene of interest (FAT3) had variants inherited from the parent without the deletion and encoded a protein interacting with CYFIP1. The affected individuals commonly displayed a neurodevelopmental phenotype including ASD, speech delay, abnormal reflexes, and coordination issues along with craniofacial findings and orthopedic-related connective tissue problems. Of the 453 genes with variants, 35 were associated with ASD. On average, each affected child had variants in 6 distinct ASD-associated genes (x¯ = 6.33, sd = 3.01). In addition, 32 genes with variants were included on clinical testing panels from Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) approved and accredited commercial laboratories reflecting other observed phenotypes. Notably, the dataset analyzed in this study was small and reported results will require validation in larger samples as well as functional follow-up. Regardless, we anticipate that results from our study will inform future research into the genetic factors influencing diverse symptoms in patients with Burnside-Butler syndrome, an emerging disorder with a neurodevelopmental behavioral phenotype.
Baldwin, I.; Shafer, R.L.; Hossain, W.A.; Gunewardena, S.; Veatch, O.J.; Mosconi, M.W.; Butler, M.G. Genomic, Clinical, and Behavioral Characterization of 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion (Burnside-Butler) Syndrome in Five Families. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22, 1660. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041660
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31699
10.3390/ijms22041660
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1176-0836
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7211-3501
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2911-0524
15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion
Burnside-Butler syndrome
Clinical findings
Cognition
Neuropsychiatric behavior development
Genomic characterization
Exome sequencing
Protein–protein interaction
Genomic, Clinical, and Behavioral Characterization of 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 Deletion (Burnside-Butler) Syndrome in Five Families
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/104162024-01-18T20:51:04Zcom_1808_984com_1808_7105com_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_985col_1808_7108col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
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Engel, Michael S.
author
Michener, Charles Duncan
author
2012-11-26
The enigmatic, cleptoparasitic bee genera Brachymelecta Linsley and Sinomelecta Baker (Apinae: Melectini) are redescribed, each represented by a single species which has not been reencountered since capture of the type series ca. 1878 and 1900, respectively. Both genera are the only melectines to possess two submarginal cells in the forewing but are otherwise wholly dissimilar. Brachymelecta mucida (Cresson), a species known only from the male holotype collected in “Nevada”, is newly described and figured, including the first account of the hidden sterna and genitalia. Sinomelecta oreina Baker is similarly described and figured based on the holotype male and paratype female, apparently collected from the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Both genera are valid and from the available data do not appear to represent merely autapomorphic forms of Melecta Latreille. Indeed, the terminalia of S. oreina are in some respects more similar to those of species of Thyreus Panzer.
Engel, M. S. and C. D. Michener. 2012. "The melectine bee genera Brachymelecta and Sinomelecta (Hymenoptera, Apidae)" ZooKeys. 244. 1-19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.244.3979
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/10416
10.3897/zookeys.244.3979
Biodiversity
Entomology
Bees
Evolution
Hymenoptera
Anthophila
The melectine bee genera Brachymelecta and Sinomelecta (Hymenoptera, Apidae).
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/336642022-11-22T18:18:34Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Kim, Hyoju
author
Tremblay, Annie
author
2022-04-14
This study examines whether second language (L2) learners' processing of an intonationally cued lexical contrast is facilitated when intonational cues signal a segmental contrast in the native language (L1). It does so by investigating Seoul Korean and French listeners' processing of intonationally cued lexical-stress contrasts in English. Neither Seoul Korean nor French has lexical stress; instead, the two languages have similar intonational systems where prominence is realized at the level of the Accentual Phrase. A critical difference between the two systems is that French has only one tonal pattern underlying the realization of the Accentual Phrase, whereas Korean has two underlying tonal patterns that depend on the laryngeal feature of the phrase-initial segment. The L and H tonal cues thus serve to distinguish segments at the lexical level in Korean but not in French; Seoul Korean listeners are thus hypothesized to outperform French listeners when processing English lexical stress realized only with (only) tonal cues (H* on the stressed syllable). Seoul Korean and French listeners completed a sequence-recall task with four-item sequences of English words that differed in intonationally cued lexical stress (experimental condition) or in word-initial segment (control condition). The results showed higher accuracy for Seoul Korean listeners than for French listeners only when processing English lexical stress, suggesting that the processing of an intonationally cued lexical contrast in the L2 is facilitated when intonational cues signal a segmental contrast in the L1. These results are interpreted within the scope of the cue-based transfer approach to L2 prosodic processing.
Kim H and Tremblay A (2022) Intonational Cues to Segmental Contrasts in the Native Language Facilitate the Processing of Intonational Cues to Lexical Stress in the Second Language. Front. Commun. 7:845430. doi: 10.3389/fcomm.2022.845430
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/33664
10.3389/fcomm.2022.845430
Speech perception
Spoken word recognition
Second language acquisition
Korean learners of English
French learners of English
English lexical stress
Intonational Cues to Segmental Contrasts in the Native Language Facilitate the Processing of Intonational Cues to Lexical Stress in the Second Language
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/130612018-02-23T18:30:59Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Bhattacharya, Rajib K.
author
Vaishnav, Niralee
author
Dubinsky, Richard M.
author
2014-02-13
Impaired ambulation, frequent falls, and prolonged immobilization combined with the high rate of vitamin D deficiency in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) could lead to an increased risk of hip fracture.
Bhattacharya, Rajib K., Dubinsky RM., Vaishnav N. 2014. “Is there an increased risk of hip fracture in multiple sclerosis? Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.” Dove Press 2014:7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S54786
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/13061
10.2147/JMDH.S54786
osteoporosis
patients at risk
multiple sclerosis
Is there an increased risk of hip fracture in multiple sclerosis? Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307572020-09-23T08:00:44Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Smith, Kyle
author
Lavin, Paul
author
Chamoun, Roukoz
author
2015-07-20
Background: Virchow-Robin spaces (VRS) or perivascular spaces are interstitial cystic spaces surrounding the vasculature of brain parenchyma and course from the subarachnoid space. Small VRS (less than 2 mm) appear in all age groups, but can enlarge and be confused with other lesions like cystic neoplasms. These enlarged VRS are termed giant tumefactive perivascular spaces (GRPVS).
Case Description: We present the case of a 50-year-old male who presents with right eye pain, blurred vision, headache, and gait imbalance. He was diagnosed with GRPVS and underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and cyst fenestration. Postoperative imaging showed a decrease in size of the ventricular system with evidence of flow through the aqueduct and ventriculostomy. Brainstem VRS cysts decreased in size.
Conclusion: Unlike the other small number of case reports, this patient is unique in his age of presentation and successful endoscopic method of treatment. The endoscopic approach provided great exposure and adequate access to the lesions. Clinically, symptoms improved, cyst size decreased, and need for permanent shunt placement was averted.
Smith KA, Lavin P, Chamoun R. Neuroendoscopic treatment of symptomatic giant Virchow–Robin spaces. Surg Neurol Int 20-Jul-2015;6:120
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30757
10.4103/2152-7806.161240
Cyst fenestration
Endoscopy
Neuroendoscopy
Virchow-Robin spaces
Neuroendoscopic treatment of symptomatic giant Virchow–Robin spaces
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/294522020-01-30T20:19:22Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Yang, Fu-Chen
author
Draper, Julia
author
Smith, Peter G.
author
Vivian, Jay L.
author
Shapiro, Steven M.
author
Stanford, John A.
author
2018-05-30
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia targets specific brain regions and can lead to kernicterus. One of the most debilitating symptoms of kernicterus is dystonia, which results from bilirubin toxicity to the globus pallidus (GP). Stem cell transplantation into the GP to replace lost neurons and restore basal ganglia circuits function is a potential therapeutic strategy to treat dystonia in kernicterus. In this study we transplanted human medial ganglionic eminence (MGE)-like neural progenitor cells (NPCs) that we differentiated into a primarily gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic phenotype, into the GP of non-immunosuppressed jaundiced (jj) and non-jaundiced (Nj) rats. We assessed the survival and development of graft cells at three time-points post-transplantation. While grafted MGE-like NPCs survived and generated abundant fibers in both jj and Nj brains, NPC survival was greater in the jj brain. These results were consistent with our previous finding that excitatory spinal interneuron-like NPCs exhibited a higher survival rate in the jj brain than in the Nj brain. Our findings further support our hypothesis that slightly elevated bilirubin levels in the jj brain served as an antioxidant and immunosuppressant to protect the transplanted cells. We also identified graft fibers growing toward brain regions that receive projections from the GP, as well as host fibers extending toward the graft. These promising findings suggest that MGE-like NPCs may have the capacity to restore the circuits connecting GP and other nuclei.
Yang, F.-C., Draper, J., Smith, P. G., Vivian, J. L., Shapiro, S. M., & Stanford, J. A. (2018). Short Term Development and Fate of MGE-Like Neural Progenitor Cells in Jaundiced and Non-Jaundiced Rat Brain. Cell Transplantation, 27(4), 654–665. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963689718766327
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29452
10.1177/0963689718766327
Bilirubin Encephalopathy
globus pallidus
Gunn rat
xenotransplantation
MGE-like NPC
Short Term Development and Fate of MGE-Like Neural Progenitor Cells in Jaundiced and Non-Jaundiced Rat Brain
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/254642022-11-22T18:53:12Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_275col_1808_11675col_1808_745
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Jongman, Allard
author
Qin, Zhen
author
Zhang, Jie
author
Sereno, Joan A.
author
2017-08
Previous studies on tones suggest that Mandarin listeners are more sensitive to pitch direction and slope while English listeners primarily attend to pitch height. In this study, just noticeable differences were established for pitch discrimination using a three-interval, forced-choice procedure with a two-down, one-up staircase design. A high rising and a high falling Mandarin tone were manipulated in terms of pitch direction, height, and slope. Results indicate that, overall, Mandarin listeners are more sensitive to pitch slope and English listeners to pitch height. However, these effects are modulated by both the direction (falling/rising) and slope of the pitch contours.
Jongman, A., Qin, Z., Zhang, J., and Sereno, J.A. (2017). Just noticeable differences (JNDs) for pitch direction, height and slope for Mandarin and English listeners. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 142(2), EL163. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4995526.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/25464
10.1121/1.4995526
Just noticeable differences for pitch direction, height, and slope for Mandarin and English listeners
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307452020-09-18T08:00:54Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Whiles, Bristol B.
author
Thompson, Jeffrey A.
author
Griebling, Tomas L.
author
Thurmon, Kerri L.
author
2019-09-13
Background
Although only a limited number of medical schools require a formal educational rotation in urologic surgery, urology as a medical specialty continues to attract a large number of students into the match each year. The purpose of this study was to describe medical student awareness, perception, and knowledge of urology, to determine factors influencing students’ consideration of urology as a career, and to determine if prior urology clerkship experience is associated with differences in these variables.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, medical students were electronically surveyed in 07/2016. Self-reported and question-based knowledge of urology were determined. A total of 25 factors were assessed with a five-point Likert scale to determine their influence on students’ consideration of urology as a career. Data analysis was performed using R.
Results
The survey was completed by 114 students (13.5% of all medical students). A total of 11(9.65%)students had previously participated in a urology clerkship. All students reported awareness of urology; however, only 74 students (64.9%) correctly identified the training pathway and job duties of urologists. Self-perceived knowledge of urology was poor but improved with increased medical school training. Question-based assessment also demonstrated increased knowledge with advanced medical school training (27% per year; p < 0.01). Prior urology clerkship experience appeared to be associated with increased urologic knowledge; however, this was confounded by year in medical school training. When assessing factors impacting students’ consideration of a career in urology, ‘combination of medicine and surgery’ was the most positively influential and ‘competitiveness of the specialty’ was the most negatively influential.
Conclusions
Although medical students are aware of urology as a specialty, they perceive their knowledge of urology as poor. However, knowledge of urology increases throughout medical school training. Multiple factors influence students’ consideration of urology as a career choice. Additional studies are needed to further explore how participation in a formal urology experience alters students’ perceptions and influences their consideration of urology as a career choice.
Whiles, B.B., Thompson, J.A., Griebling, T.L. et al. Perception, knowledge, and interest of urologic surgery: a medical student survey. BMC Med Educ 19, 351 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1794-5
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30745
10.1186/s12909-019-1794-5
Students
Medical
Knowledge
Education
Perception
Urology
Perception, knowledge, and interest of urologic surgery: A medical student survey
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/307292020-09-15T08:00:47Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
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Delavaux, Camille S.
author
Bever, James D.
author
Karppinen, Erin M.
author
Bainard, Luke D.
author
2020-03-31
With the advances of sequencing tools, the fields of environmental microbiology and soil ecology have been transformed. Today, the unculturable majority of soil microbes can be sequenced. Although these tools give us tremendous power and open many doors to answer important questions, we must understand how sample processing may impact our results and interpretations. Here, we test the impacts of four soil storage methods on downstream amplicon metabarcoding and qPCR analyses for fungi and bacteria. We further investigate the impact of thaw time on extracted DNA to determine a safe length of time during which this can occur with minimal impact on study results. Overall, we find that storage using standard cold packs with subsequent storage at −20°C is little different than immediate storage in liquid nitrogen, suggesting that the historical and current method is adequate. We further find evidence that storage at room temperature or with aid of RNAlater can lead to changes in community composition and in the case of RNAlater, lower gene copies. We therefore advise against these storage methods for metabarcoding analyses. Finally, we show that over 1 month, DNA extract thaw time does not impact diversity or qPCR metrics. We hope that this work will help researchers working with soil bacteria and fungi make informed decisions about soil storage and transport to ensure repeatability and accuracy of results and interpretations.
Delavaux, C.S., Bever, J.D., Karpinnen, E., Bainard, L. (2020) Keeping it cool: Soil sample cold pack storage and DNA shipment up to one month does not impact metabarcoding results. Ecology and Evolution DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6219
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/30729
10.1002/ece3.6219
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-2173
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8740-3272
Bacteria
Fungi
Metabarcoding
Microbial biology
Keeping it cool: Soil sample cold pack storage and DNA shipment up to 1 month does not impact metabarcoding results
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/249342018-11-01T16:24:09Zcom_1808_984com_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_985col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Smith, Deborah R.
author
Su, Yong-Chao
author
Berger-Tal, Reut
author
Lubin, Yael
author
2016-07
Dispersal in most group-living species ensures gene flow among groups, but in cooperative social spiders, juvenile dispersal is suppressed and colonies are highly inbred. It has been suggested that such inbred sociality is advantageous in the short term, but likely to lead to extinction or reduced speciation rates in the long run. In this situation, very low levels of dispersal and gene flow among colonies may have unusually important impacts on fitness and persistence of social spiders. We investigated sex-specific differences in dispersal and gene flow among colonies, as reflected in the genetic structure within colonies and populations of the African social spider Stegodyphus dumicola Pocock, 1898 (Eresidae). We used DNA fingerprinting and mtDNA sequence data along with spatial mapping of colonies to compare male and female patterns of relatedness within and among colonies at three study sites. Samples were collected during and shortly after the mating season to detect sex-specific dispersal. Distribution of mtDNA haplotypes was consistent with proliferation of social nests by budding and medium- to long-distance dispersal by ballooning females. Analysis of molecular variance and spatial autocorrelation analyses of AFLPs showed high levels of genetic similarity within colonies, and STRUCTURE analyses revealed that the number of source populations contributing to colonies ranged from one to three. We also showed significant evidence of male dispersal among colonies at one site. These results support the hypothesis that in social spiders, genetic cohesion among populations is maintained by long-distance dispersal of female colony founders. Genetic diversity within colonies is maintained by colony initiation by multiple dispersing females, and adult male dispersal over short distances. Male dispersal may be particularly important in maintaining gene flow among colonies in local populations.
Smith, D. R., Su, Y.-C., Berger-Tal, R. and Lubin, Y. (2016), Population genetic evidence for sex-specific dispersal in an inbred social spider. Ecol Evol, 6: 5479–5490. doi:10.1002/ece3.2200
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24934
10.1002/ece3.2200
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-7227
Population genetic evidence for sex-specific dispersal in an inbred social spider
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/317042021-06-25T08:00:39Zcom_1808_984com_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_985col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Allen, Kaitlin E.
author
Greenbaum, Eli
author
Hime, Paul M.
author
Tapondjou N., Walter P.
author
Sterkhova, Viktoria V.
author
Kusamba, Chifundera
author
Rödel, Mark-Oliver
author
Penner, Johannes
author
Peterson, A. Townsend
author
Brown, Rafe M.
author
2021-05-01
The relative roles of rivers versus refugia in shaping the high levels of species diversity in tropical rainforests have been widely debated for decades. Only recently has it become possible to take an integrative approach to test predictions derived from these hypotheses using genomic sequencing and paleo-species distribution modeling. Herein, we tested the predictions of the classic river, refuge, and river-refuge hypotheses on diversification in the arboreal sub-Saharan African snake genus Toxicodryas. We used dated phylogeographic inferences, population clustering analyses, demographic model selection, and paleo-distribution modeling to conduct a phylogenomic and historical demographic analysis of this genus. Our results revealed significant population genetic structure within both Toxicodryas species, corresponding geographically to river barriers and divergence times from the mid-Miocene to Pliocene. Our demographic analyses supported the interpretation that rivers are indications of strong barriers to gene flow among populations since their divergence. Additionally, we found no support for a major contraction of suitable habitat during the last glacial maximum, allowing us to reject both the refuge and river-refuge hypotheses in favor of the river-barrier hypothesis. Based on conservative interpretations of our species delimitation analyses with the Sanger and ddRAD data sets, two new cryptic species are identified from east-central Africa. This study highlights the complexity of diversification dynamics in the African tropics and the advantages of integrative approaches to studying speciation in tropical regions.
Allen, KE, Greenbaum, E, Hime, PM, et al. Rivers, not refugia, drove diversification in arboreal, sub-Saharan African snakes. Ecol Evol. 2021; 11: 6133– 6152. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7429
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31704
10.1002/ece3.7429
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-4036
Historical demography
Machine learning
Paleo-distributions
Phylogenomics
Toxicodryas
Rivers, not refugia, drove diversification in arboreal, sub-Saharan African snakes
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/317112021-06-29T08:00:36Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_197col_1808_11675col_1808_29396
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Balmaceda, Nicole
author
Aziz, Muhammad
author
Chandrasekar, Viveksandeep Thoguluva
author
McClune, Brian
author
Kambhampati, Suman
author
Shune, Leyla
author
Abdallah, Al-Ola
author
Anwer, Faiz
author
Majeed, Aneela
author
Qazilbash, Muzaffar
author
Ganguly, Siddhartha
author
McGuirk, Joseph
author
Mohyuddin, Ghulam Rehman
author
2021-06-26
Background
Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) remain at an increased risk of infection due to the disease process, as well as the ensuing treatments.
Methods
We performed a systematic review to evaluate the monthly risk of grade III/IV infection, pneumonia, and neutropenia in patients with myeloma enrolled in randomized clinical trials (RCTs).
Results
The risk of grade III or higher infection, pneumonia, and neutropenia persists among all phases of treatment. There was no statistical difference in grade III or higher infection, pneumonia, and neutropenia between frontline and relapsed/refractory setting. In the maintenance setting, the complications of infection, pneumonia, and neutropenia were low, but not negligible. Three-drug regimens were no more likely than two-drug regimens to have an increased risk of Grade III or higher infection.
Conclusions
This is the first study to quantify the monthly risk of grade III or higher infection, pneumonia, and neutropenia across different treatment regimens in the frontline, maintenance, and relapsed/refractory settings. The results of our systematic review demonstrate a significant risk for severe infection, pneumonia, and neutropenia in patients with MM. Further studies are needed to determine the value of antibiotic prophylaxis in a broader myeloma patient population, as well as other approaches that will further mitigate the morbidity and mortality related to infection in this vulnerable patient population.
Balmaceda, N., Aziz, M., Chandrasekar, V.T. et al. Infection risks in multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials from 2015 to 2019. BMC Cancer 21, 730 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08451-x
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31711
10.1186/s12885-021-08451-x
Multiple myeloma
Proteasome inhibitors
Anti-CD38
Cytotoxic therapy
Infection
Infection risks in multiple myeloma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials from 2015 to 2019
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295402020-01-30T19:26:45Zcom_1808_11673com_1808_89col_1808_11675col_1808_90
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Esiaka, Darlingtina
author
Naemi, Pegah
author
Kuofie, Araba
author
Hess, Riley
author
2019-06-27
As individuals age, they witness a decline in physical health and functional capacities. The presence of one or more chronic illnesses challenges their quality of life and general well-being, thus, impacting their abilities to function physically, psychologically, and socially. We investigated reports of general well-being in older Black males with chronic illness(es) in a study of N = 145 participants, aged 35 to 63, and identified as Black/African American male. Participants responded to items assessing general well-being; ethnic identity; self-esteem; active coping; the presence of chronic illness(es); and additional demographic, social and ecological characteristics. Analyses of responses indicated that marital status (β = –.17, p < .05), ethnic identity (β = –.34, p = .00), self-esteem (β = .22, p = .03) are significant determinants of general well-being in Black males with chronic illness(es). Data further showed active coping (β = –.41 p = .09) to be negatively correlated with well-being. We discuss the implications of results for the understanding of health outcomes among this marginalized population.
Esiaka, D., Naemi, P., Kuofie, A., & Hess, R. (2019). General Well-Being in Adult Black Males With Chronic Illness. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333721419855664
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29540
10.1177/2333721419855664
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9214-5677
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5891-4655
general well-being
chronic illness
active coping
ethnic identity
self-esteem
General Well-Being in Adult Black Males With Chronic Illness
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/344502023-06-28T06:08:50Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Wesson, William
author
Stetson, Rachel
author
Ganatra, Hammad
author
Sood, Shawn
author
2023-05-17
Seizure is a rare but documented adverse event associated with ampicillin, which is one of the most commonly used antibiotics used in pediatrics. We report a case of a 4-month-old male infant with Haemophilus influenzae type A meningitis that experienced recurrent tonic-clonic seizures, possibly secondary to ampicillin treatment. After ampicillin administration was withdrawn and antiepileptic agents were administered, the seizures resolved, improving the patient’s clinical status rapidly. This case report adds to the growing body of literature on ampicillin-induced seizures.
William Wesson, Rachel Stetson, Hammad Ganatra & Shawn Sood (2023) Ampicillin-induced seizures in a 4-month-old with bacterial meningitis: a case report, Toxicology Communications, 7:1, 2212539, DOI: 10.1080/24734306.2023.2212539
https://hdl.handle.net/1808/34450
10.1080/24734306.2023.2212539
Ampicillin
Antibiotic
Seizures
Meningitis
Pediatrics
Ampicillin-induced seizures in a 4-month-old with bacterial meningitis: a case report
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/180552018-02-23T18:12:14Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Santaularia, Jeanie
author
Johnson, Monica
author
Hart, Laurie
author
Haskett, Lori
author
Welsh, Ericka
author
Faseru, Babalola
author
2014-07-14
Background:
Sexual assault is a traumatic event with potentially devastating lifelong effects on physical and mental health. Research has demonstrated that individuals who experience sexual assault during childhood are more likely to engage in risky behaviors later in life, such as smoking, alcohol and drug use, and disordered eating habits, which may increase the risk of developing a chronic disease. Despite the high prevalence and economic burden of sexual assault, few studies have investigated the associations between sexual violence and chronic health conditions in the US. The purpose of this study is to identify associations between sexual violence and health risk behaviors, chronic health conditions and mental health conditions utilizing population based data in Kansas.
Methods:
Secondary analysis was done using data from the 2011 Kansas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System sexual violence module (N = 4,886). Crude and adjusted prevalence rate ratios were computed to examine associations between sexual assault and health risk behaviors, chronic health conditions and mental health conditions, overall and after adjusting for social demographic characteristics. Additional logistic regression models were implemented to examine the association between sexual assault and health risk behaviors with further adjustment for history of anxiety or depression.
Results:
There was a significantly higher prevalence of health risk behaviors (heavy drinking, binge drinking and current smoking), chronic health conditions (disability, and current asthma) and mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation) among women who ever experienced sexual assault compared to women who did not, even after adjustment for potential confounders.
Conclusions:
Study findings highlight the need for chronic disease prevention services for victims of sexual violence. There are important implications for policies and practices related to primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, as well as collaborations between sexual violence, chronic disease, and health risk behavior programs.
Santaularia, Jeanie, Monica Johnson, Laurie Hart, Lori Haskett, Ericka Welsh, and Babalola Faseru. "Relationships between Sexual Violence and Chronic Disease: A Cross-sectional Study." BMC Public Health 14 (2014): n. pag. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-1286.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/18055
10.1186/1471-2458-14-1286
Sexual violence
Chronic disease
Health risks
Behaviors
Mental health
BRFSS
Relationships between sexual violence and chronic disease: a cross-sectional study
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/336712022-11-22T18:35:34Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Machado, Nathalia Munck
author
Gomide, Henrique Pinto
author
Bernardino, Heder Soares
author
Ronzani, Telmo Mota
author
2022-11-03
Background:
Smoking is still the leading cause of preventable death. Governments and health care providers should make available more accessible resources to help tobacco users stop.
Objective:
This study describes a pilot longitudinal study that evaluated the efficacy of an internet-based intervention compared to the brief intervention for smoking cessation among Brazilians.
Methods:
Eligible participants were recruited and randomly allocated to one of the two interventions. Measures were drawn by comparing cessation rates, motivation scores, and sought treatment between groups, assessed 1 and 3 months after the intervention. Inferential analysis was performed to compare the participants’ characteristics, and the intention to treat was calculated.
Results:
A total of 49 smokers were enrolled in this study (n=25, 51% in the brief intervention group; n=24, 49% in the internet-based intervention group). Mean age was 44.5 (SD 13.3) years; most were male (n=29, 59.2%), had elementary school (n=22, 44.9%), smoked 14.5 cigarettes per day on average (SD 8.6), and had a mean score of 4.65 for nicotine dependence and 5.7 for motivation to quit. Moreover, 35 (71%) participants answered follow-up 1, and 19 (39%) answered follow-up 2. The results showed similar rates of cessation and reduction for both intervention groups.
Conclusions:
The internet-based intervention was slightly more effective for smoking cessation, while the brief intervention was more effective in reducing the number of cigarettes smoked per day. This difference was small and had no statistical significance even after adjusting for intention-to-treat analysis. These results should be interpreted with caution, especially due to the small sample size.
Machado N, Gomide H, Bernardino H, Ronzani T. Internet-Based Intervention Compared to Brief Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Brazil: Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2022;6(11):e30327. URL: https://formative.jmir.org/2022/11/e30327. DOI: 10.2196/30327
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/33671
10.2196/30327
Smoking cessation
Internet-based intervention
Digital intervention
Mobile health
mHealth
Tobacco
Addiction
Public health
Digital intervention
Substance use
Internet-Based Intervention Compared to Brief Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Brazil: Pilot Study
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295112023-03-04T07:07:27Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Al-Jumayli, Mohammed
author
Batool, Amna
author
Middiniti, Akshay
author
Saeed, Anwaar
author
Sun, Weijing
author
Al-Rajabi, Raed
author
Baranda, Joaquina
author
Kumer, Sean
author
Schmitt, Timothy
author
Chidharla, Anusha
author
Kasi, Anup
author
2019-05-02
Ampullary cancers represent a subset of periampullary cancers, comprising only 0.2% all gastrointestinal cancers. Localized disease is primarily managed by a surgical intervention, called pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), followed in many cases by the administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) or chemoradiation therapy (CRT). However, there are no clear evidence-based guidelines to aid in selecting both the modality and regimen of adjuvant therapy for resected Ampullary carcinoma. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 54 patients at KU Cancer Center, who had undergone endoscopic resection or pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for Ampullary cancer from June 2006 to July 2016. We obtained patients’ baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, pathology, treatment modality, recurrence pattern, and survival outcomes. The time-to-events data were compared using Kaplan-Meier methods. A univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to evaluate factors associated with overall survival (OS) and generate hazard ratios (HR). Results. The mean age of the 54 patients was 68 (37-90). 38 (70%) were males and 16 (30%) were females. Most of the patients were Caucasian (76%). Approximately half of all patients had a history of smoking, 20% had alcohol abuse, and 13% had pancreatitis. Among the 54 patients with localized cancers, 9 (16%) were treated definitively with nonoperative therapies, usually due to a prohibitive comorbidity profile, performance status, or unresectable tumor. 45 out of 54 patients (83%) underwent surgery. Of the 45 patients who underwent surgery, 18 patients (40% of the study cohort) received adjuvant therapy due to concerns for advanced disease as determined by the treating physician. 13 patients (24%) received adjuvant CT and 5 patients (9.2%) received CRT. The remaining 27 patients (50%) underwent surgery alone. The median OS for the entire study cohort was 30 months. When compared to surgery alone, adjuvant therapy with either CT or CRT had no statistically significant difference in terms of progression-free survival (p=0.56) or overall survival (p=0.80). In univariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, high-risk features like peripancreatic extension (16%) and perineural invasion (26%) were found to be associated with poor OS. Lymph node metastasis (29%) did not significantly affect OS (HR 1.42, 95% CI 0.73-1.86; p=0.84). Lymphovascular invasion (29%) was not associated with poor OS (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.52, 2.96; p=0.76). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, only age group>70 years was significantly associated with OS , while other factors, including the receipt of adjuvant therapy, lymph nodes, positive margin, and lymphovascular, perineural, and peripancreatic involvement, were not significantly associated with OS. These results are likely due to small sample size. Conclusions. Despite numerous advances in both cancer care and research, efforts in rare malignancies such as Ampullary cancer remain very challenging with a clear lack of an evidence-based standard of care treatment paradigm. Although adding adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy is likely to improve survival in high-risk disease, there is no standardized regimen for the treatment of Ampullary cancer. More research is required to elucidate whether statistically and clinically relevant differences exist that may warrant a change in the current adjuvant treatment strategies.
Mohammed Al-Jumayli, Amna Batool, Akshay Middiniti, et al., “Clinical Outcome of Ampullary Carcinoma: Single Cancer Center Experience,” Journal of Oncology, vol. 2019, Article ID 3293509, 7 pages, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3293509.
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29511
10.1155/2019/3293509
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5164-9163
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4305-5701
Clinical Outcome of Ampullary Carcinoma: Single Cancer Center Experience
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/115322018-02-23T19:00:12Zcom_1808_4471com_1808_11673col_1808_4472col_1808_11675
00925njm 22002777a 4500
dc
Ward, Joy K.
author
Roy, Debosree Samanta
author
Chatterjee, Iera
author
Bone, Courtney R.
author
Springer, Clint J.
author
Kelly, John K.
author
2012-11-21
BACKGROUND: The transition from vegetative to reproductive stages marks a major milestone in plant development. It is clear that global change factors (e.g., increasing [CO2] and temperature) have already had and will continue to have a large impact on plant flowering times in the future. Increasing atmospheric [CO2] has recently been shown to affect flowering time, and may produce even greater responses than increasing temperature. Much is known about the genes influencing flowering time, although their relevance to changing [CO2] is not well understood. Thus, we present the first study to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) that affect flowering time at elevated [CO2] in Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We developed our mapping population by crossing a genotype previously selected for high fitness at elevated [CO2] (SG, Selection Genotype) to a Cape Verde genotype (Cvi-0). SG exhibits delayed flowering at elevated [CO2], whereas Cvi-0 is non-responsive to elevated [CO2] for flowering time. We mapped one major QTL to the upper portion of chromosome 1 that explains 1/3 of the difference in flowering time between current and elevated [CO2] between the SG and Cvi-0 parents. This QTL also alters the stage at which flowering occurs, as determined from higher rosette leaf number at flowering in RILs (Recombinant Inbred Lines) harboring the SG allele. A follow-up study using Arabidopsis mutants for flowering time genes within the significant QTL suggests MOTHER OF FT AND TFL1 (MFT) as a potential candidate gene for altered flowering time at elevated [CO2]. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: This work sheds light on the underlying genetic architecture that controls flowering time at elevated [CO2]. Prior to this work, very little to nothing was known about these mechanisms at the genomic level. Such a broader understanding will be key for better predicting shifts in plant phenology and for developing successful crops for future environments.
Ward, Joy K.; et al. (2012) Identification of a Major QTL That Alters Flowering Time at Elevated [CO2] in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plos One, 7.11: 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0049028
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/11532
10.1371/journal.pone.0049028
Identification of a Major QTL That Alters Flowering Time at Elevated [CO2] in Arabidopsis thaliana
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/271212018-11-01T08:01:01Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Rali, Aniket S.
author
Shah, Zubair
author
Sauer, Andrew J.
author
Gupta, Kamal
author
2018-03-31
The CardioMEMS heart failure system is a small sensor that is placed in a branch pulmonary artery for ambulatory
monitoring of pulmonary artery pressures. CardioMEMS has been approved for use in the United States
in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III heart failure and frequent hospitalizations. In this
report we describe a patient who had hemoptysis after CardioMEMS implantation. Further, we discuss possible
etiologies for the occurrence of hemoptysis and suggest strategies to minimize this risk.
Case Report: The patient was a 79-year-old female with NYHA class III heart failure with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (LVEF
40%) and chronic atrial fibrillation who was referred for CardioMEMS implantation. The procedure was completed
uneventfully. The patient was transferred out of the procedure suite to the recovery area where she developed
a slight cough approximately 20 minutes after the implantation. Within a few coughs the patient started
having hemoptysis. She was transferred to the cardiac intensive care unit for observation. She was kept off
warfarin and aspirin and her hemoptysis resolved 3 days later. While the exact etiology of hemoptysis in this
patient was unclear, we felt that it may have been precipitated by a minor wire-induced distal branch pulmonary
artery injury.
Conclusions: Our report discusses hemoptysis as a potential life-threatening complication of CardioMEMS sensor implantation
while suggesting possible etiologies and avoidance strategies. As the utilization of this technology expands
in the years to come, a more comprehensive national registry for surveillance of device related complications
will be crucial.
Rali A.S. et al.: Hemoptysis post CardioMEMS implantation © Am J Case Rep, 2018; 19: 382-385 www.doi.org/10.12659/AJCR.908508
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/27121
10.12659/AJCR.908508
Cardiomyopathies
Heart failure
Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis After CardioMEMS Implantation: Case Report and Review
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/248942018-12-19T18:20:06Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Jiang, Lu
author
Fang, Pingping
author
Weemhoff, James Lawrence
author
Apte, Udayan
author
Pritchard, Michele T.
author
2016-11
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is a severe monogenic disorder that occurs due to mutations in the PKHD1 gene. Congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) associated with ARPKD is characterized by the presence of hepatic cysts derived from dilated bile ducts and a robust, pericystic fibrosis. Cyst growth, due to cyst wall epithelial cell hyperproliferation and fluid secretion, is thought to be the driving force behind disease progression. Liver fibrosis is a wound healing response in which collagen accumulates in the liver due to an imbalance between extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation. Whereas both hyperproliferation and pericystic fibrosis are hallmarks of CHF/ARPKD, whether or not these two processes influence one another remains unclear. Additionally, recent studies demonstrate that inflammation is a common feature of CHF/ARPKD. Therefore, we propose a “pathogenic triumvirate” consisting of hyperproliferation of cyst wall growth, pericystic fibrosis, and inflammation which drives CHF/ARPKD progression. This review will summarize what is known regarding the mechanisms of cyst growth, fibrosis, and inflammation in CHF/ARPKD. Further, we will discuss the potential advantage of identifying a core pathogenic feature in CHF/ARPKD to aid in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. If a core pathogenic feature does not exist, then developing multimodality therapeutic approaches to target each member of the “pathogenic triumvirate” individually may be a better strategy to manage this debilitating disease.
Jiang, L., Fang, P., Weemhoff, J. L., Apte, U., & Pritchard, M. T. (2016). Evidence for a “Pathogenic Triumvirate” in Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease. BioMed Research International, 2016, 4918798. http://doi.org/10.1155/2016/4918798
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/24894
10.1155/2016/4918798
PMC5116503
Evidence for a “Pathogenic Triumvirate” in Congenital Hepatic Fibrosis in Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/295072020-01-30T19:50:37Zcom_1808_11673col_1808_11675
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Puar, Neha
author
Scheele, Allek
author
Perez Marques, Francesca
author
Panicker, Jyoti
author
2019-02-07
Key Clinical Message
Here, we report a case of neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) in a teenage male
with synovial sarcoma associated with extracutaneous manifestations including myositis and splenomegaly secondary to pegfilgrastim. To the best of our knowledge,
NEH has not been previously reported to occur in association with extracutaneous
manifestations.
Puar N, Scheele A, Perez
Marques F, Panicker J. Neutrophilic eccrine
hidradenitis secondary to pegfilgrastim in a patient
with synovial sarcoma. Clin Case Rep. 2019;7:533–
536. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccr3.1932
http://hdl.handle.net/1808/29507
10.1002/ccr3.1932
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7697-6008
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3552-3701
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-2665
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1081-9971
febrile neutrophilic dermatosia
granulocyte colony stimulating factor
neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis
synovial sarcoma
Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis secondary to pegfilgrastim in a patient with synovial sarcoma
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