| dc.description.abstract | SLOVENE: Avtorica razpravlja o različnih načinih prevajanja angleške besede one, še posebno v tistih primerih, kjer slovenščina nima podobnega enobesednega ustreznika. Tako analizira tri izvirna besedila (dve angleški in eno slovensko) in pet prevodov (štiri v slovenščino in enega v angleščino). Rezultati naj bi bili v pomoč prevajalcem, ki bi tako lažje našli primerne ustreznice angleškemu one. Avtorica s pomočjo strokovne literature in različnih sodobnih slovnic najprej določi šest različnih funkcij angleškega one, in sicer one kot glavni števnik, one kot splošni osebni zaimek, one kot sestavni del nedoločnih zaimkov anyone, someone, no one in everyone, one kot za-oblika, one kot za-imek in one kot zaimek nedoločnosti. Čeprav slovenščina nima enobesednega ustreznika, ki bi lahko nadomeščal one v vseh funkcijah, lahko na osnovi analiziranih besedil znotraj posameznih funkcij pri prevajanju te besede kljub temu začrtamo določene smernice.Pri dekodiranju, tj. prevajanju iz angleščine v slovenščino, se one kot glavni števnik ali kot prvi element v paru one-another, one-other v analiziranih besedilih večinoma prevaja s slovenskim glavnim števnikom en -a -o, eden. Opazimo palahko, da prevajalci števnik v slovenščini pogosto izpuščajo pred deli človeškega ali živalskega telesa. Pri enkodiranju, tj. prevajanju iz slovenščine v angleščino, sta prevajalca vedno uporabila števnik one kot prevedek za en, eden. Izjema so bile določene slovenske korelativne strukture (npr. od duri do duri), ki sta jih prevajalca prevedla z one-another in se tako izognila ponovitvi.Kot slovenski prevedek splošnega osebnega zaimka onenajpogosteje najdemo zaimenski samostalnik človek. V prevodih paniso redke tudi prevodne enote s splošnim vršilcem dejanja in prenesenorabo 2. os. ednine. Pri enkodiranju splošni osebni zaimek one v izvirniku vedno ustreza zaimenskemu samostalniku človek.One kot del nedoločnega zaimka se po navadi prevaja z ustreznim zaimkom v slovenščini. Tako se no one najpogosteje prevaja z nikalnim zaimkom nihče ali nobeden, anyone s samostalniškim poljubnostnim zaimkom kdo alikdorkoli, someone s samostalniškim nedoločnim zaimkom kdo ali nekdo ter every one s posamostaljenim pridevniškim zaimkom vsak -a -o. V prevodu iz slovenščine v angleščino naj demo en sam primer nedoločnega zaimka z one, ki ustreza zaimku nobeden v izvirniku. V večini primerov se one kot za-oblika, in sicerone kot nadomestek za jedro samostalniške fraze, prevaja vslovenščino s pridevnikom ali posamostaljenim pridevnikom, ki pa je vedno v določni obliki. Včasih prevajalci uvedejo nov samostalnik, karkaže na to, da tradicionalnega napotka prevajalcem, naj se one vtej funkciji prevaja s posamostaljenim slovenskim pridevnikom, ni mogoče vedno upoštevati. Pri enkodiranju sta prevajalca uporabilaone v tej funkciji le štirikrat, in sicer dvakrat kot prevedek za slovenski pridevnik, dvakrat pa je bil one del njune parafraze izvirnika.One kot nadomestek za nedoločno samostalniško frazo senajpogosteje prevaja s slovenskimi zaimki, pogosti pa so tudi prevodi s ponovitvijo samostalnika, ki ga zamenjuje one v izvirniku. Včasih pa prevajalci uvedejo tudi delni sinonim oz. parafrazo. V prevodu slovenskega besedila v angleščino prevajalca nista uporabila one vtej funkciji niti enkrat; zdi se, da se prevajalci premalo zavedajo, kako ponovitev istega samostalnika, uvedba delnega sinonima in pretirana uporaba zaimkov niso tako pogosti stilistični prijemi v angleških besedilih kot v slovenskih in da v angleških besedilih v teh primerih pogosteje najdemo v tej funkciji besedo one.One kot za-imek, tj. kadar pomeni oseba' oz. v množini ljudje', v slovenščini postane poudarjen osebni zaimek, pogosto pa gaprevajalci tudi parafrazirajo. V prevodu v angleščino one v tejfunkciji ustreza poudarjenemu kazalnemu zaimku.One kot zaimek nedoločnosti se pojavi le pri enkodiranju, in sicer vedno v po menu neki -a -o .Tako one v funkciji glavnega števnika, splošnega osebnega zaimka, nedoločnega zaimka, za-imka in zaimka nedoločnosti prevajalcem izslovenščine in vanjo ne povzroča resnejših težav, kar pa ne velja zaone v funkciji za-oblike, saj pri dekodiranju kot prevedek nemoremo vedno uporabiti posamostaljenega pridevnika. Poleg tega se zdi, dase prevajalci pri prevajanju v slovenščino premalo zavedajo pogostnosti uporabe tega kohezivnega elementa v angleščini, saj one v tejfunkciji v prevodih zasledimo precej redko.
ENGLISH: The author discusses various means of translating the English wordone, particularly in those instances where Slovene does not have a one-word equivalent. Three original texts are treated (one English and two Slovene) and five translations (four into Slovene and one into English). The results are intended to help translators more easily find appropriate equivalents to English one. With the aid of linguistic literature and various modern grammars, the author defines six distinct functions ofEnglish one: as a cardinal numeral, as a generic person, as acomponent of an indefinite pronoun (anyone, someone, noone, every one), as a nominal substitute, as a pro-noun, and asa pronoun of indefinite unity.Although Slovene lacks a one-word equivalent in all these functions, one can on the basis of the textual analysis propose for each of the functions certain guidelines for translation.In decoding, i.e., translating from English to Slovene one as a cardinal numeral or as the first element in the pair one-another, one-other in the analyzed texts is usually translated with the Slovene cardinal numeral en -a -o, eden. It is also observed that translators frequently leave out the numeral before body parts of animate beings. In encoding, i.e., translating from Slovene to English, the translators consistently used the numeral one as atranslation of en, eden. The exceptions were certain Slovenecorrelative structures (e.g., od duri do duri from door todoor'), which the translators translated by one-another and thus avoided repetition.As a Slovene translation of the generic personal pronoun one the pronominal noun človek is usually found. In translations there are often units of translation with the impersonal verb form withse and metaphorical use of the second person singular. In encoding, the generic personal pronoun one in the original always corresponds to the pronominal noun človek. One as a part of an indefinite pronoun is usually translated with the appropriate pronoun in Slovene. Thus no one is translated by the negative pronoun nihče or nobeden;any one by the pronouns kdo or kdorkoli;someone by the pronouns kdo or nekdo; and everyone by the substantivized adjectival pronoun vsak -a-o. In translation from Slovene into English there was only one example of an indefinite pronoun one as an equivalent tonobeden in the original.In the majority of examples where one stands as a nominal substitute for the head of a nominal phrase, Slovene employs a substantivized adjective, which is al ways in the definite form.Occasionally translators introduce a new noun, which indicates that thetraditional advice to translators about using a substantivized Slovene adjective in this function for English one is not always valid. In encoding the translators used one in this function only fourtimes: twice as a translation of a Slovene adjective, twice onewas their paraphrase of the original.One as a substitute for an indefinite nominal phrase isusually translated by Slovene pronouns; translations with a repeatednoun as a substitute for one are also frequently enountered. Sometimes translators introduce a near synonym or paraphrase. In the translations from Slovene to English, one was not used in this function even once. Apparently translators are not very aware that the repetition of a noun, the introduction of a near synonym and the excessive use of pronouns are not such frequent stylistic devices in English texts as they are in Slovene; nor that in English texts in thisfunction the word one is usually found.One as a pro-noun, i.e., in the meaning 'person' or 'people', in Slovene becomes an emphasized personal pronoun, and translators frequently paraphrase it as such. In the translation into English one in this function corresponds to an emphasized demonstrative pronoun.One as a pronoun of indefinite unity occurs only in encoding and always in the meaning neki -a -o a certain one, some'.Thus one in the function of a cardinal numeral, a generic person, an indefinite pronoun, a pro-noun, and a pronoun of indefinite unity do not cause particular problems for translators from English toSlovene. This is not true for one in the function of a nominal substitute, since in decoding a substantivized adjective cannot always be used as a translation. Besides this, it seems that translators translating from English to Slovene are relatively unaware of the frequency of the use of this cohesive element in English, as one in this function in translation is rarely encountered. | |
