Pharmacology of DB844, an Orally Active aza Analogue of Pafuramidine, in a Monkey Model of Second Stage Human African Trypanosomiasis
dc.contributor.author | Thutia, John K. | |
dc.contributor.author | Wang, Michael Zhuo | |
dc.contributor.author | Kagira, John M. | |
dc.contributor.author | Denton, Cathrine L. | |
dc.contributor.author | Paine, Mary F. | |
dc.contributor.author | Mdachi, Raymond E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Murilla, Grace A. | |
dc.contributor.author | Ching, Shelley | |
dc.contributor.author | Boykin, David W. | |
dc.contributor.author | Tidwell, Richard R. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hall, James E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Brun, Reto | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2014-03-20T15:35:39Z | |
dc.date.available | 2014-03-20T15:35:39Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2012-07-24 | |
dc.identifier.citation | Thuita, J. K., Wang, M. Z., Kagira, J. M., Denton, C. L., Paine, M. F., Mdachi, R. E., … Brun, R. (2012). Pharmacology of DB844, an Orally Active aza Analogue of Pafuramidine, in a Monkey Model of Second Stage Human African Trypanosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 6(7). http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001734 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/1808/13293 | |
dc.description.abstract | Novel drugs to treat human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are still urgently needed despite the recent addition of nifurtimox-eflornithine combination therapy (NECT) to WHO Model Lists of Essential Medicines against second stage HAT, where parasites have invaded the central nervous system (CNS). The pharmacology of a potential orally available lead compound, N-methoxy-6-{5-[4-(N-methoxyamidino) phenyl]-furan-2-yl}-nicotinamidine (DB844), was evaluated in a vervet monkey model of second stage HAT, following promising results in mice. DB844 was administered orally to vervet monkeys, beginning 28 days post infection (DPI) with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense KETRI 2537. DB844 was absorbed and converted to the active metabolite 6-[5-(4-phenylamidinophenyl)-furanyl-2-yl]-nicotinamide(DB820), exhibiting plasma Cmax values of 430 and 190 nM for DB844 and DB820, respectively, after the 14th dose at 6 mg/kg qd. A 100-fold reduction in blood trypanosome counts was observed within 24 h of the third dose and, at the end of treatment evaluation performed four days post the last drug dose, trypanosomes were not detected in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of any monkey. However, some animals relapsed during the 300 days of post treatment monitoring, resulting in a cure rate of 3/8 (37.5%) and 3/7 (42.9%) for the 5 mg/kg×10 days and the 6 mg/kg×14 days dose regimens respectively. These DB844 efficacy data were an improvement compared with pentamidine and pafuramidine both of which were previously shown to be non-curative in this model of CNS stage HAT. These data show that synthesis of novel diamidines with improved activity against CNS-stage HAT was possible. | |
dc.description.sponsorship | This investigation received financial support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation through the Consortium for Parasitic Drug Development. | |
dc.publisher | Public Library of Science | |
dc.rights | ©2012 Thuita et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
dc.subject | African typanosomaiasis | |
dc.subject | Blood | |
dc.subject | Cerebrospinal fluid | |
dc.subject | Drug metanolism | |
dc.subject | Drug therapy | |
dc.subject | Monkeys | |
dc.subject | Paracitic diseases | |
dc.subject | Toxicity | |
dc.title | Pharmacology of DB844, an Orally Active aza Analogue of Pafuramidine, in a Monkey Model of Second Stage Human African Trypanosomiasis | |
dc.type | Article | |
kusw.kuauthor | Wang, Micheal Z. | |
kusw.kudepartment | Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry | |
kusw.oastatus | fullparticipation | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001734 | |
kusw.oaversion | Scholarly/refereed, publisher version | |
kusw.oapolicy | This item meets KU Open Access policy criteria. | |
dc.rights.accessrights | openAccess |
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Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as: ©2012 Thuita et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.