Inscribing Pompeii: A Reevaluation of the Jewish Epigraphic Data

Abstract

This study examines the scant epigraphic evidence from Pompeii which has traditionally been linked to a Jewish community. I (re)contextualize and reevaluate this data according to its archaeological, philological, and social context to challenge the long held, and widely published view that a Jewish community existed in the city. My analysis largely rejects the conclusions of previous scholars, highlighting problems with historical methodology and scholarly assumption throughout the discussion. My approach involves incorporating theoretical discussions of community and Jewish identity, which are essential elements in positing the existence of a historical religious community. I argue that the epigraphic evidence points to the individual presence of Jewish persons, either as slaves or traders, in Pompeii. The evidence does not, however, indicate the presence of a Jewish community and associated religious practice. The reassessment of this evidence holds potential for a more accurate understanding of the demographics and diversity of first-century Roman cities, as well as furthering our knowledge of Jewish Diaspora communities.