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Three-Way Interactions among Mutualistic Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plants, and Plant Enemies: Hypotheses and Synthesis
Bennett, Alison E. Alers-Garcia, Janice Bever, James D.
Bennett, Alison E.
Alers-Garcia, Janice
Bever, James D.
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Abstract
A number of studies have shown that an association with mycorrhizal fungi can alter the outcome of interactions between plants and their enemies. While the directions of these effects vary, their strength suggests the need for greater attention to multispecies interactions among plant enemies, plants, and mycorrhizal fungi. We recognize that mycorrhizal fungi could effect plant enemies by improving plant nutrition, modifying plant tolerance, or modifying plant defenses. In addition, mycorrhizal fungi could directly interfere with pathogen infection, herbivory, or parasitism by occupying root space. We formalize these alternative outcomes of multispecies interactions and explore the long‐term dynamics of the plant‐enemy interactions based on these different scenarios using a general model of interactions between plants and plant enemies. We then review the literature in terms of the assumptions of the alternative mechanisms and the predictions of these models. Through this effort, we identify new directions in the study of tritrophic interactions between enemies, plants, and soil mutualists.
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Date
2006-02
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Publisher
University of Chicago Press
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Keywords
Mycorrhizal fungi, Multitrophic interactions, Plant defense, Tolerance, Plant enemy, Mathematical model
Citation
Alison E. Bennett , Janice Alers‐Garcia , and James D. Bever , "Three‐Way Interactions among Mutualistic Mycorrhizal Fungi, Plants, and Plant Enemies: Hypotheses and Synthesis.," The American Naturalist 167, no. 2 (February 2006): 141-152.