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Why Inclusion Matters for Alzheimer’s Disease Biomarker Discovery in Plasma
Khan, Mostafa J. Desaire, Heather Lopez, Oscar L. Kamboh, M. Ilyas Robinson, Renã A.S.
Khan, Mostafa J.
Desaire, Heather
Lopez, Oscar L.
Kamboh, M. Ilyas
Robinson, Renã A.S.
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Abstract
Background:African American/Black adults have a disproportionate incidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and are underrepresented in biomarker discovery efforts. Objective:This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD using a combination of proteomics and machine learning approaches in a cohort that included African American/Black adults. Methods:We conducted a discovery-based plasma proteomics study on plasma samples (N = 113) obtained from clinically diagnosed AD and cognitively normal adults that were self-reported African American/Black or non-Hispanic White. Sets of differentially-expressed proteins were then classified using a support vector machine (SVM) to identify biomarker candidates. Results:In total, 740 proteins were identified of which, 25 differentially-expressed proteins in AD came from comparisons within a single racial and ethnic background group. Six proteins were differentially-expressed in AD regardless of racial and ethnic background. Supervised classification by SVM yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.91 and accuracy of 86%for differentiating AD in samples from non-Hispanic White adults when trained with differentially-expressed proteins unique to that group. However, the same model yielded an AUC of 0.49 and accuracy of 47%for differentiating AD in samples from African American/Black adults. Other covariates such as age, APOE4 status, sex, and years of education were found to improve the model mostly in the samples from non-Hispanic White adults for classifying AD. Conclusion:These results demonstrate the importance of study designs in AD biomarker discovery, which must include diverse racial and ethnic groups such as African American/Black adults to develop effective biomarkers.
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2021-02-02
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IOS Press
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Khan_2021.pdf
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African American, Alzheimer’s disease, Biomarker, Black, Discovery, Disparities, Machine learning, Plasma, Proteomics, Race
Citation
Khan, M. J., Desaire, H., Lopez, O. L., Kamboh, M. I., & Robinson, R. (2021). Why Inclusion Matters for Alzheimer's Disease Biomarker Discovery in Plasma. Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 79(3), 1327–1344. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-201318