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Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins

Schöneich, Christian
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Abstract
Oxidation represents a major pathway for the chemical degradation of pharmaceutical formulations. Few specific details are available on the mechanisms that trigger oxidation reactions in these formulations, specifically with respect to the formation of free radicals. Hence, these mechanisms must be formulated based on information on impurities and stress factors resulting from manufacturing, transportation and storage. In more detail, this article focusses on autoxidation, metal-catalyzed oxidation, photo-degradation and radicals generated from cavitation as a result of mechanical stress. Emphasis is placed on probable rather than theoretically possible pathways.
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Date
2023-07-17
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Publisher
MDPI
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Keywords
Autoxidation, Fenton reaction, Free radicals, Mechanisms, Oxidation, Photo-degradation, Cavitation
Citation
Schöneich, C. Primary Processes of Free Radical Formation in Pharmaceutical Formulations of Therapeutic Proteins. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 1142. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13071142
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