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Publication Online Slovene in Slovenians in Germany: Linguistic Characteristics of Facebook Posts(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Štumberger, SaškaV prispevku je na gradivu objav skupine Slovenci v Nemčiji na Facebooku analizirana spletna slovenščina Slovencev v Nemčiji. Člani skupine so pripadniki mlajše generacije, ki so se v Nemčijo preselili pred kratkim in pogosto izmenjujejo informacije o upravnih postopkih. Zaradi okoliščin sporočanja je v besedilih kot prevladujoča jezikovna zvrst predvidena raba knjižnega in pogovornega jezika ter z višjim deležem strokovne leksike s področja uprave. The article presents the internet Slovenian used by Slovenians living in Germany by means of analysis of Facebook posts in the group Slovenci v Nemčiji. The group members belong to the young generation and have recently moved to Germany. They often exchange information on administrative procedures. Due to these circumstances of their communication, the prevailing language variety expected is standard and colloquial language and a high share of technical terms from the field of administration.Publication Accessibility of the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia for People with Disabilities - Dilemmas and Challenges(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Ivačič, Živa Jakšić; Kadunc, Barbara; Mlakar, Špela; Schmid, ŠpelaKonvencija o pravicah invalidov zahteva, da so vse informacije dostopne invalidom v njim razumljivi obliki. Namen prispevka je evalvirati proces prirejanja Ustave Republike Slovenije v lahko berljivo in razumljivo obliko s poudarkom na udeležbi lektorjev z motnjami v duševnem razvoju. Štiri člene ustave smo priredile v dve obliki, pri preverjanju pa smo ugotovile, da si lektorji želijo vseh informacij, ki so v izvirnem besedilu člena, vendar v njim razumljivi obliki. Izrazili so željo, da bi ob prvi različici priredbe, zvesti izvirnemu besedilu, imeli tudi razlagalno različico. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities requires that all information is accessible to people with disabilities in an understandable form. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the process of transforming the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia into an easy-to-read and understandable form and verification of four articles, emphasizing the involvement of eight proofreaders with intellectual disabilities. Four Articles of the Constitution were adapted in two versions. We found that proofreaders want all the information from the original text of the article, written in an understandable way. They expressed the desire to have an interpretative version of the Article next to the adapted version of article, written in easy-to-read form.Publication Implementation of bilingual education of deaf children in the Slovenian school system(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Pavlič, MaticPristopi k izobraževanju gluhih otrok se razlikujejo glede na učni jezik in vključenost v večinsko okolje. Slovenski izobraževalni sistem ne omogoča vsem gluhim otrokom zadostnega stika s polno zaznavnim jezikom, da bi lahko nemoteno usvojili prvi jezik, v literaturi pa se premalo poudarja nova spoznanja o dvojezičnem oziroma dvomodalnem usvajanju znakovnega in govornega jezika. Oboje predstavlja ta članek, ki se zavzema za popolno uresničitev dvojezičnega izobraževanja gluhih in podaja razloge za tak pristop. Deaf children may receive different types of education that differ with respect to the language used in class and the degree of inclusion in ordinary school system. In Slovenian schools, the deaf children are not necessarily provided with an input of a fully perceivable language while the professionals do not receive enough updated information about the advances in bilingual and bimodal education of the deaf. This article aims to fill these two gaps and put forth the arguments for above mentioned approach.Publication User of language resources and tools as an object or subject of language policy? - field of translation and interpretation(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Šorli, MojcaV podsklopu »Jezikovna opremljenost na področju tujih jezikov« ciljnega raziskovalnega projekta Jezikovna politika Republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov raziskujem navade, strategije, potrebe in stališča uporabnikov, zlasti prevajalcev in tolmačev, do jezikovnih virov in orodij za tuje jezike, tako v odnosu do obstoječe infrastrukture kot tiste, ki po njihovem mnenju ni dovolj razvita. The section on multilingual infrastructure of the Slovenian Language Policy and User Needs CRP 2016 project investigates user habits and attitudes as well as user needs with regard to monolingual and interlingual language resources, in particular, translation technologies, dictionaries and other lexical resources. The research is focused on the needs of translators and interpreters.Publication Exploration of dialectal Slovene: existing and necessary(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Smole, VeraPrispevek predstavlja in komentira rezultate empirične raziskave (spletna anketa), nastale v okviru CRP Jezikovna politika republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov, in le v tistem delu, ki daje uvid v to, koliko uporabniki poznajo in rabijo priročnike o narečni slovenščini ter kaj potrebujejo in čemu dajejo prednost. Pridani so še rezultati krajše in še bolj ciljno usmerjene ankete na zelo majhnem vzorcu. This paper presents and analyses the results of empirical research (online survey) created in the framework of the CRP Jezikovna politika republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov ‘Language Policy of the Republic of Slovenia and the needs of users’. In the paper we are only interested in the part that gives us an insight into how much users know and use handbooks and manuals on Slovenian dialects, what they need and what they prefer. The results of a shorter and even more targeted survey on a very small sample have also been added.Publication Normative description and linguistic standardization in the current linguistic policy framework - documents and reality(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Dobrovoljc, HelenaV prispevku je pozornost usmerjena v problematiko jezikovne standardizacije oziroma njene faze, ki jo je treba vedno pogosteje posodabljati – jezikovne kodifikacije. Predstavljene so teoretske smernice in prikazana je kronologija normativistične dejavnosti na Slovenskem v 20. stoletju. Podrobneje je predstavljena sodobna jezikovna politika, ki kljub izkazanim interesom javnosti, potrebam pišočih, šolnikov, ne nameni temu področju pozornosti in financiranja, in to ne glede na obvezujoče dokumente, kot sta npr. Resolucija o nacionalnem programu za jezikovno politiko 2014–2018 in Akcijski načrt za jezikovno opremljenost, ki jih ministrstvo za kulturo oziroma služba za jezik redno naročata pri ekspertih, a jih ne udejanita. In the article, attention is drawn to the issue of language standardization, namely to one of its phases which must be updated increasingly often – language codifications. Theoretical guidelines are presented and the chronology of the prescriptive activities in Slovenia in the 20th century are shown. The language policy situation is presented in detail, as this area still lacks attention and funding, despite the expressed public interest and the needs of those who write and educate. The situation persists regardless of the binding documents, such as the Resolution on the National Programme for Language Policy 2014–2018 and the Action Plan for Language Infrastructure, which the Ministry of Culture, namely the Slovenian Language Service orders from the experts. They are, however, never realized.Publication Slovenian language infrastructure as a language-political issue: needs and expectations of language users(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Ledinek, NinaV prispevku se s stanjem na področju oblikovanja slovenske jezikovne infrastrukture ukvarjam kot z jezikovnopolitičnim vprašanjem. Prispevek prinaša analizo aktualne pravne, finančne in organizacijske ureditve področja, predstavlja pa tudi ključne izsledke o infrastrukturnih potrebah uporabnikov, kot so bile prepoznane na podlagi analize in interpretacije podatkov iz ankete, izvedene v okviru projekta Jezikovna politika Republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov. The article deals with Slovene language infrastructure as a language-policy issue. It presents an analysis of the current legal, financial and organizational arrangements in the field of language infrastructure, as well as key findings on users’ infrastructural needs, as identified on the basis of the analysis and interpretation of data from the survey conducted within the framework of the Language Policy of the Republic of Slovenia and the Needs of Users project.Publication A pertinent issue from a general literary perspective(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Mirtič, TanjaNamen prispevka je v glavnih obrisih prikazati pravorečne podatke v splošnem razlagalnem slovarju, obenem pa na podlagi analize izsledkov anketne raziskave ugotoviti potrebo po pravorečnem priročniku med zaposlenimi v medijih, gledališčih in filmski produkciji ter osvetliti najpomembnejše problemske sklope slovenskega pravorečja s stališča respondentov. V zadnjem delu prispevka je opozorjeno na primanjkljaj temeljnih raziskav govorjene knjižne slovenščine in pomembnost rednega spremljanja in zbiranja pravorečnih težav splošnih jezikovnih uporabnikov in strokovnjakov, ki se poklicno ukvarjajo z govorjenim knjižnim jezikom, izpostavljena pa je tudi potreba po premišljeno izdelanem korpusu, ki bi omogočal zanesljive pravorečne analize. The aim of this article is to present, in their main outlines, orthoepic data in the general explanatory dictionary and, at the same time, on the basis of survey analysis, to establish the need for an orthoepic manual amongst those employed in the media sector, theatres and film production industry, as well as to shed light on the most important problem areas of Slovenian orthoepy from the respondents’ point of view. In the last part, the article addresses the deficiency of basic research in the field of spoken Standard Slovene and the great importance of regular monitoring and collecting of orthoepic problems detected by general language users and experts, professionally dealing with spoken Standard Slovene. Another emphasis is also on the need for a well thought out corpus that would allow reliable orthoepic analyses.Publication Slovenian Orthodoxy as an Independent Codification Book?(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Tivadar, HotimirSlovensko pravorečje je premalo obravnavano v slovenskem jezikoslovju, načeloma samo v okviru pisnih slovarjev in pravopisa ter znanstvene slovnice. Javni nastop v slovenskem jeziku je danes nujnost in realnost skoraj vsakega govorca, ki javno deluje v okviru Slovenije, zato se bomo morali tudi jezikoslovci posvetiti slovenskemu javnemu govoru in ga ne prepustiti samo spontanemu delovanju in osebnemu jezikovnemu občutku. V članku utemeljujem potrebo po izdaji sodobnega (akademijskega) pravorečja, oblikovanega na osnovi kodifikacijske tradicije, sodobnih raziskav in opisa govora iz sodobnih javnih besedil. Slovene orthoepy is not sufficiently considered within Slovene linguistics, being taken into consideration only within dictionaries for the written language and orthographies and grammar books for experts. Public appearance in Slovene language is these days a must and a reality for almost every speaker that operates within Slovenia, which means that us linguists will have to dedicate ourselves to Slovene public speech and not leave it to spontaneous action and personal linguistic feel. In the article, we justify the need to issue a modern (academic) orthoepy, based on the codification tradition, modern research and the description of speech from modern public texts.Publication Language editorial policy and Slovenian radio media(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Verovnik, Tina Lengarprispevku ugotavljam, koliko so medijska zakonodaja in drugi relevantni pravni dokumenti odločevalcem lahko v pomoč pri oblikovanju jezikovne uredniške politike radijskega medija; kdo sploh so oblikovalci in usmerjevalci jezikovne uredniške politike (radijskega) medija; kdo in na kakšen način skrbi za jezikovno podobo (radijskega) medija – tako v smislu kakovosti kot družbene sprejemljivosti izražanja. Do ugotovitev sem prišla s pomočjo odgovorov na usmerjena vprašanja, vključena v anketo, izvedeno v okviru ciljnega raziskovalnega projekta Jezikovna politika Republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov, ter s pomočjo strukturiranih intervjujev z uredniki izbranih radijskih programov. In the paper, we examine the extent to which legislation and other documents can help decision makers in shaping language editorial policy related to the medium of radio; who, in fact, are the creators and directors of language editorial policies of the (radio) media; who determines the linguistic imprint of the media – both in terms of quality and the social acceptability of expression – and how is this process undertaken. The findings were obtained through responses to targeted questions included in a survey conducted within the “Slovenian Language Policy and User Needs” target research project, and through structured interviews with editors of selected radio channels.Publication Language (speech) in Slovenian theaters and language policy(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Milojević, Nina ŽavbiV prispevku se osredotočam na govorno izražanje v gledališču, predvsem na potrebe jezikovnih uporabnikov (igralcev, lektorjev idr.) in njihovo jezikovno opremljenost. Po pregledu zakonodajnih in drugih pravno veljavnih dokumentov (Zakon o javni rabi slovenščine, Zakon o medijih, Zakon o uresničevanju javnega interesa za kulturo in Resolucija o nacionalnem programu za kulturo 2014–2017) ter po izvedbi in interpretaciji rezultatov empirične raziskave ugotavljam, da je veljavna zakonodaja s področja jezika (govora) v gledališču primerna, profesionalni uporabniki pa bi potrebovali nekatere jezikovne priročnike (pravorečni priročnik, terminološki slovarji) in zbir smernic o neknjižnih zvrsteh jezika. In the article we focus on speech expression in theatre, predominantly on the needs of the users of the language (actors, language consultants, etc.) and the level of their language equipment. After an overview of the legislation and other legal documents (Public Use of the Slovene Language Act, Media Act, Exercising of the Public Interest in Culture Act and Resolution on the 2014–2017 National Programme for Culture) as well as after interpreting the results of empirical research we find that the current legislation from the field of language (speech) in theatre is adequate and that professional users would need several linguistic manuals (pronunciation guide, terminological dictionary) and a selection of guidelines about non-standard language forms.Publication Central Literary Museum as an Accelerator of Literary Tourism in Slovenia(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Sosič, Alojzija ZupanRazloge za uresničenje davne ideje o osrednjem literarnem muzeju v Sloveniji sem v svoji razpravi osvetlila skozi tri perspektive, nacionalno-afirmativno, vzgojno- -izobraževalno in turistično ter (novo) sedemčlensko tipologijo. Zavzela sem se za osrednji literarni muzej kot sedmi tip, tj. veččlenski preplet različnih muzejev v vlogi pospeševalca literarnega (kulturnega) turizma in za njegovo osnovno nalogo – povezovalnost – v kontekstu štirih tipov literarnega turizma ter različnosti slovenskega in tujega turista. The article delineates the arguments for the realization of the old idea of a central literary museum in Slovenia through three perspectives: national-affirmative, educational and touristic as well as the (new) seven-part typology. I advocate for the central literary museum as the seventh type i.e. a fusion of different types of museums elevating literal (cultural) tourism with its basic role – of a liaison – in the context of the four types of literary tourism and the Slovene and foreign tourist respective dispositions.Publication Slovene in higher education: should the question be worded and defined in Slovene?(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Žele, AndrejaPrispevek predstavlja in komentira trenutno stanje in razumevanje stanja slovenščine kot učnega jezika na slovenskih univerzah, s tem pa tudi položaj slovenščine kot jezika znanosti. Prav znanstvena slovenščina lahko zlahka potrjuje, da je jezik izraz konceptualizacije lastne misli, tj. lastnih miselnih zmožnosti naroda. Torej znanstveni slovenski jezik za svoj razvoj potrebuje stalne objave na najvišji intelektualni ravni in hkrati kvalitetne učbenike z jasnimi opredelitvami slovenske terminologije; predstavljeno je trenutno stanje naštetega. The paper presents and deliberates on the current state of Slovenian as the language of instruction at national universities as well as its status as the language of science. Technical Slovenian straightforwardly confirms that language is the expression of our own conceptualized thought, i.e., the nation’s own mental capability. The development of technical Slovenian depends upon regular academic publications and high-standard textbooks in which Slovenian terminology is clearly defined and presented; this paper reviews the status of all recounted points.Publication Students' awareness of the linguistic genre and roles of the literary language(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Vogel, JercaObravnava identitetne vloge jezika v šoli in v njenem okviru različnih jezikovnih zvrsti je pri pouku slovenščine v zadnjih dvajsetih letih doživela le malo sprememb. Na podlagi jezikoslovnih ugotovitev o neskladju med uveljavljeno teorijo zvrstnosti in jezikovno prakso smo v anketi dijakom zastavili vprašanja, kako razumejo pojem knjižni jezik, kakšne so njihove izkušnje z njegovo rabo in v katerih govornih položajih je raba knjižnega jezika po njihovem mnenju nujna. Discussing the identity function of language as well as different language varieties in teaching Slovenian as first language has only changed slightly in the last two decades. Therefore, based on the linguistic discussions on the differences between prevailing language stratification theory and communicative practise, three main issues have been investigated, namely how do students understand the concept of standard language, what is their experience with using the standard language and finally, in which speaking situations is the use of a standard language necessary.Publication Syllabus Consideration in Slovene in the Third Trimester of Primary School, Grammar School and Secondary Vocational and Vocational Education(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Smolej, Mojca; Lampret, NikaPrispevek podaja skrajšan pregled rezultatov analize obravnave skladnje pri pouku slovenščine v osnovni in srednji šoli. Pregled tiskanega učnega gradiva je pokazal, da večina samostojnih delovnih zvezkov za pouk slovenščine učencev ne navaja k razmisleku o pomembnosti pridobljenega znanja s področja skladnje. V pregledanih samostojnih delovnih zvezkih skoraj ni mogoče zaznati kritične refleksije in osmislitve pridobljenega znanja. The article presents a shortened and simplified overview of the results of the analysis regarding teaching Slovene syntax in elementary and secondary school. A review of printed learning material showed that most autonomous workbooks for teaching Slovene do not encourage elementary and high school pupils to reflect on the importance of the acquired knowledge in the field of syntax. In the examined autonomous workbooks, it is hardly possible to detect critical reflection and understanding of acquired knowledge.Publication View of the Slovenian linguistic landscape(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Snoj, MarkoČlanek prikazuje analizo javnih napisov na ljubljanski Nazorjevi ulici. Izmed 107 napisov je 31 neslovenskih, ki niso niti imena tujih firm niti tuje blagovne znamke. Rezultati analize so vrednoteni glede na Zakon o javni rabi slovenščine in spletno anketo Jeziki v Sloveniji in slovenščina zunaj nje (v okviru raziskovalnega projekta Jezikovna politika Republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov) o tem vprašanju, ki smo jo izpeljali poleti 2017. The paper presents an analysis of all public signs as seen in Nazorjeva ulica in the centre of Ljubljana. The sample inspection shows that among 107 linguistic signs of that particular public space, at least 31% are not written in Slovene and are neither foreign company names nor foreign trade marks. The results have been compared with the actual Slovene legislation and the web inquiry Languages in Slovenia and the Slovenian Language abroad (the target research project “Slovenian Language Policy and User Needs”) conducted on this matter in summer 2017.Publication Language Use in Administrative Procedures - Between Theory and Practice(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Kovač, PoloncaJezik je pomembna prvina tudi za varstvo pravic strank, saj je že ustavno zagotovljeno posebno varstvo pripadnikov italijanske in madžarske manjšine, invalidov in tujcev oziroma vseh strank v upravnih razmerjih. Prispevek je osredotočen na študijo razsežnosti regulacije rabe jezika v upravnih postopkih kot temeljnem procesu dela v javni upravi. Rezultati analize upravne prakse po različnih virih (judikatura, analize Ministrstva za javno upravo /MJU/, portal Upravna svetovalnica in anketa med načelniki upravnih enot) kažejo, da pri izvajanju splošne (zlasti Zakon o splošnem upravnem postopku /ZUP/) in področne zakonodaje pretežno ne prihaja do težav, razen na področju tujcev. Zato za v prihodnje predlagam le nomotehnične izboljšave, v ostalem pa usmerjeno in sistemsko skrb za jezikovne pravice z ozaveščanjem uradnih oseb in splošne javnosti. Language is an important element of protection of the parties’ rights in administrative procedures, hence the constitutional protection of representatives of the Italian and Hungarian minorities, persons with disabilities, and foreigners is guaranteed. This article focuses on the analysis of legal regulation and the practice of language use in administrative procedures. Drawing from various sources (case law, inspectorate’s reports, Administrative Consultation Wiki web portal, and the survey among the heads of administrative units), the results of the analysis of administrative practice reveal that except for foreigners’ rights, no major issues occur when implementing general (Administrative Procedure Act) or sector specific legislation. Therefore, we suggest for the future merely improvements in terms of legal drafting technique, while a systematic and focused concern for language rights is still required by enhancing the awareness of the officials and the general public.Publication National languages in the EU: between a legally protected value and an obstacle to the functioning of the single market(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Hojnik, JanjaNamen prispevka je prikazati, kako pravo EU, zlasti preko sodne prakse Sodišča EU, rešuje primere konflikta med enotnim trgom EU, ki predstavlja temeljno načelo prava EU, in prizadevanji držav članic po ohranitvi različnih jezikov, ki predstavljajo oviro za delovanje enotnega trga. Izpostavljen je zlasti vpliv tržnega prava EU na uporabo jezika pri prodaji blaga (bodisi v smislu oznak na proizvodih na trgovskih policah bodisi pri oglaševanju tega blaga v trgovinah in v medijih). Predstavljena je problematika zahtev po znanju jezika v okviru svobode gibanja delavcev, vključno s problematiko uporabe izvirnega imena v drugih državah članicah EU. Izpostavljena je tudi problematika vpliva skupne valute na jezikovno raznolikost držav članic. Utemeljevanje je podprto z uporabo uveljavljenih metod pravne znanosti. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how EU law, in particular through the case law of the EU Court of Justice, solves cases of conflict between the single market of the EU, which constitutes a fundamental aim of the EU, and the efforts of the Member States to maintain different languages, which constitute an obstacle to the functioning of the single market. The impact of the EU market in particular on the use of language in the sale of goods (either in terms of labels on the products displayed in stores, either in the advertising of the goods in stores and in the media) is pointed out. Moreover, the problem of language in the context of freedom of movement of workers, including the issue of the use of the original name in other EU Member States, is emphasised. Finally, the landmine problem of the common currency impact on the linguistic diversity of the Member States is discussed.Publication Jezikovna politika Republike Slovenije in potrebe uporabnikov(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02) Komac, Nataša GlihaPrispevek prinaša uvid v metodološka izhodišča ciljnega raziskovalnega projekta Jezikovna politika Republike Slovenije (RS) in njeni uporabniki,2 katerega osrednji namen je bil popis aktualnih potreb jezikovnih uporabnikov na ozemlju RS in uporabnikov slovenskega jezika v sosednjih državah in drugod po svetu. Gre za edinstven in celosten poskus, kako pri načrtovanju nadaljnje jezikovne politike v čim večjem obsegu dejavno vključiti jezikovne uporabnike. Pri projektu so sodelovali raziskovalci in strokovnjaki, poznavalci različnih področij javnega življenja v RS in življenja slovenske jezikovne skupnosti zunaj RS – pomembno vlogo so imeli pravni strokovnjaki –, k sodelovanju v spletni raziskavi pa so bile povabljene različne skupine jezikovnih uporabnikov, in sicer tako specializirani kot splošni jezikovni uporabniki. The paper provides an overview of methodological premises of the target research project Language Policy of the Republic of Slovenia and the Needs of Users, whose central objective was to inventory the actual needs of language users in the Republic of Slovenia and Slovenian language users in neighbouring countries and elsewhere in the world. This is a unique and comprehensive attempt at active integration of language users in the making of future language policy to the widest possible extent. The project was carried out by researchers and experts with good knowledge of different areas of public life in the Republic of Slovenia and the life of Slovenian language community outside the Republic of Slovenia, legal experts having played a very important role. Different groups of language users, i.e. both specialized and general language users, were invited to participate in the online survey.Publication Slavia Centralis Issue 2, 2018(University of Maribor, Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2018-02)