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Publication Traditionalism and the Idea of Progress: A Case for Ideological Mobilization in Communist China(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Ray, Dennis M.Economic development is not a one-dimensional process whereby a country's productivity and Gross National Product increase, machines are substituted for men, and new products appear. Development is characterized by the creation of a new society. For economic development to come about, changes must occur in traditional man's perception of his social and physical environment and his relationship to it. This is essential if traditional man and his society are to break out of the stability and fatalism of poverty, escape from superstition and ignorance, and overcome the inertia of social custom and vested interest. The purpose of this article is to examine how ideological mobilization in Mao Tse-tung's China has functioned to undermine traditional impediments to economic development and instil the idea that progress is both possible and desirable.Publication Plea Bargaining and Plea Negotiation in the Judicial System(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Jolly, Jerry C.This paper analyzes plea bargaining and plea negotiation in the American judicial system. Plea bargaining refers to informal negotiations leading to an agreement under which the accused enters a plea of guilty in exchange for a reduced charge or favorable sentence recommendation by, the prosecutor in criminal court cases. This type of plea negotiation is not recognized in the legal statutes and operates by a subsystem of "invisible" controls. Plea bargaining is a permanent fixture in our legal system to the extent that at present, the courts cannot operate without it. Studies are a~alyzed which reveal that seventy-five percent and perhaps as many as ninety-five percent of all criminal cases do not go to a jury trial, and a substantial number of these cases involve a negotiated bargain. Four types of bargaining or negotiation are discussed. These usually involve bargaining to reduce a sentence; to show leniency in sentencing; to settle for a lesser charge or one charge for a variety of offenses; or to drop charges entirely. Contrary to popular belief, plea bargaining has become ingrained in our legal system because offenders and agencies such as police departments, prosecutor's offices, and the courts benefit from its use. It can be efficient, time saving and less risky to the parties involved. Specific benefits to the offender, prosecution, defense, and judges are mentioned. It is also noted, however, that the accused may fare better in a jury trial. Arguments for and against plea bargaining are presented. Key elements of the President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice (Task Force Report: The Courts) relating to plea bargaining is reviewed. The conclusion drawn is that bargain justice has become a necessity in our present legal system. However, substantial change must occur within the near future to bring official recognition and control in plea bargaining and to protect the rights of those involved.Publication Kansas Journal of Sociology, Volume 8, Number 1 (SPRING, 1972): Book Review(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Southard, FrankPublication Critical Reflections on a Cognitive-Pysiological Theory of Emotion(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Bell, Bill D.This paper examines critically, and in some detail, that research which has been directed toward the development of a cognitive-physiological theory of emotion. It is observed that while interest in this area has been manifest for some time, only recently have empirical efforts attempted to explicate the subject in any detail. Such a theory posits that peripheral bodily changes can be viewed as determinants as well as correlates of emotional behavior. Bodily changes are seen to instigate cognitive processes which influence one's subjective and behavioral reactions to emotional stimuli. The research generally confirms the notion that novel information about oneself is not disregarded. Bodily sensations represent information which must be processed 1ikea!l other sensory inputs. Evaluative needs are postulated to understand these sensations, i.e., a label' or explanation is required for their occurrence. Emotional behavior is seen to result to the extent that these sensations are attributed to emotional stimuli.Publication Kansas Journal of Sociology, Volume 8, Number 1 (SPRING, 1972): Book Review(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Cordasco, FrancescoPublication Kansas Journal of Sociology, Volume 8, Number 1 (SPRING, 1972): Front Matter(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01)Publication Kansas Journal of Sociology, Volume 8, Number 1 (SPRING, 1972): Book Review(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Bullock, BettyPublication SDS and the "Iron Law of Oligarchy"(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Stone, DaleDuring the decade 1960-1970 the student movement increased in intensity and influence. A vanguard organization of the movement was Students for a Democratic Society. From an obscure beginning, this splinter group from the League for Industrial Democracy advanced to lead the student movement during some of the most active years. By the end of the decade however, SDS had crumbled and had itself split into s~veral splinter organizations. Through an historical analysis one can see the oligarchical trend which SDS took during the latter part of the decade, a trend which resulted in the nearly total demise of the organization. One possible reason for this demise resulted from the student movement leadership role which SDS held, and the effects of this position on the internal functioning of the organization. This paper is an attempt to evaluate the organization, Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) , in accordance with the principles involved in (1) the secondary relationships which Alexis de Tocquevi11e saw as necessary for a democracy, and (2) Robert Michels' "iron law of oligarchy."Publication Kansas Journal of Sociology, Volume 8, Number 1 (SPRING, 1972): Book Review(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Patterson, JonPublication Alienation and Dialectical Logic(Department of Sociology, University of Kansas, 1972-04-01) Wells, Harry K.