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Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 8 Growth, Development, and Poverty (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, RajDoes participation in cross-border importation, exportation, and direct and portfolio investment enhance human well-being? In particular, does international trade stimulate economic growth and development, and does it alleviate poverty? These hotly debated controversies are the heart of Volume Eight. To engage in this debate, it is necessary to understand Development Economics. That is the subject of Part One. How are “growth,” “development,” and “poverty” defined and measured? Armed with clear answers, this Part describes the classic theoretical models of economic growth, development, and poverty reduction. They include Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth, and the Fei-Ranis Labor Surplus Model. The potential role of trade in them is highlighted. Equally importantly, this Part also reviews the empirical record of the contribution of trade to growth, development, and poverty across the half-century following the end of the Second War and de-colonization. Thus, the records of countries that pursued export-oriented versus import-substitution policies are contrasted. Part Two spells out and critically analyzes the leading programs in International Trade Law designed to benefit developing and least developed countries: the Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), a GATT-WTO exception to the most-favored nation (MFN) obligation. This Part also highlights one among many national-level, targeted preference schemes, namely, the U.S. African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Unfortunately, GSP and AGOA have underrealized their full potential to help poor countries. This Part explains why they have not done so. Volume Eight, and thus the eight-Volume set, conclude with a review and evaluation of the trade laws and policies of India. India is the world’s most populous country, the world’s largest democracy, and the world’s most religiously pluralistic country. Its trade regime, characterized by import substitution and protectionism in the decades after the 15 August 1947 British Partition of the Indian Sub-Continent, pivoted in 1991 to openness. But, the pivot is partial: India’s trade liberalization is inchoate, and its free trade agreement (FTA) program is only modestly ambitious. What might the future hold for India and, therefore, the world? Overall, Volume Eight clearly manifests the interdisciplinary nature of International Trade Law through the pressing questions of inequality and injustice in the world trading system. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 7 Free Trade Agreements, Labor, and Environment (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, Raj;If the question is, “what areas of International Trade Law are blazing?,” then Volume Seven encompasses the answer: free trade agreements (FTAs), labor, and environment. With no end in sight to decades of paralysis at the World Trade Organization (WTO), the “action” on market access and social justice issues is at the regional level. So, Part One covers the theory and practice of FTAs and customs unions. FTAs and customs unions (CUs) are more than economic agreements; they also are instruments to advance political and national security interests of the Parties to them. Philosophies differ as to how ambitious they should be, from American-style exhaustiveness to Indian-style boundedness. Perspectives differ on what countries should be invited into an FTA – Taiwan? And, they differ on whether to remain in a deal – as the Brexit divorce debacle memorably shows. Part Two pays respect to the multilateral disciplines on FTAs and CUs. WTO Members are supposed to adhere to certain parameters when they negotiate, draft, and execute such deals. That they do not always do so is problematic, and helps explain the frenzied activity in this space. No FTA or CU can function without Rules of Origin (ROOs). They are the subject of Part Three. In contrast to ROOs discussed in Volume Three (Customs Law), which are nonpreferential, ROOs in the context of an FTA or CU (or a poor-country preference scheme) are preferential. How, and why, that is so, and what is at stake, are explored in Part Three. The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), both version 1.0 and 2.0 (the latter known as the United States Mexico Canada Agreement, or USMCA), furnishes an excellent case study of how ROOs function. NAFTA 1.0 and 2.0 also illustrate how ROOs can advance favored sectoral interests (e.g., autos and auto parts) and labor rights (e.g., wages and dispute settlement), and how they can be looser (encouraging third-country inputs) or tighter (i.e., protectionist). Part Four demonstrates that free trade, in a pure sense, never is purely free. “Free” Trade Agreements are really “Managed Trade Agreements.” Using Staging Categories (SCs), Duty-Free, Quota Free (DFQF) treatment rarely is accorded to 100 percent of merchandise traded among FTA Parties immediately upon Entry into Force (EIF). Likewise, Parties hold back from liberalization commitments certain sensitive sectors, and reserve the right to snapback protections using safeguards. Analogous limitations – sometimes even more protective ones – exist for provisions on services and foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Parts Five and Six cover labor issues. The linkage between trade and labor rights always mattered, as the 1948 Havana (International Trade Organization, or ITO) Charter prove. Today this link is at the forefront of trade politics and social justice debates. Part Five examines several critical legal and policy questions: What are “internationally recognized workers’ rights”? What role does the ILO play in defining and advancing them? To what extent does an FTA, through (for example) labor arbitration proceedings, enforce those rights? This Part also lays out new rules – such as the U.S. Uyghur Forced Labor Protection Act (UFLPA) – to cleanse merchandise supply chains of forced labor. Because of these questions and rules (plus those concerning the environment in Part Seven and national security in Volume Three), it is not too much of an overstatement to say that International Trade Law is very much about supply chain management. Part Seven covers another vital linkage in world trade, that between trade and the environment. Neither GATT-WTO nor FTA provisions can, by themselves, solve the problem of climate change. But, they can play a role in adaptation and mitigation. This Part begins with in-depth coverage of GATT-WTO exceptions to promote conservation of exhaustible natural resources and support sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, showing how the restrictive Two Step Test developed through cases dating to the 1990s has limited the practical effect of those exceptions. Accordingly, WTO Members – led by the European Union (EU) – have proposed, and indeed implemented, their own trade-restrictions to deal with climate change. Overall, Volume Seven has an underlying implicit theme of “WTO be damned.” On market access, labor, and environmental matters, some WTO Members have ceased waiting for action at the multilateral level. They are pursuing their interests in these areas – otherwise, they are left behind by not only certain other Members, but also their own domestic constituencies. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 6 Special Sectors (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, RajEvery trading nation has “sensitive sectors.” They are the areas of economic endeavor a country desires to insulate from the competition of freely-traded exports. The sensitivities may be based on cultural legacies (think beef in Korea), political calculations (think dairy products in Canada), or economic consequences (think high-employment sectors in India). These sensitivities are the subject of Volume Six. Part One covers the quintessential sensitive sector: agriculture. Though farm and farm-related endeavors employ a small fraction of the labor force in developed countries, the percentages are higher in developing and least developed countries. Moreover, agriculture is the one sector that effects every person – everyone must eat. So, this Part steers through the three legs of agricultural trade liberalization per the world’s first multilateral deal on cross-border transactions in this sector, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture: market access; domestic support; and export subsidies. Further, this Part deals with a closely related matter of concern from ancient to modern times – sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards, which are the subject of the WTO SPS Agreement. Alas, many controversies remain in this sector, including reforms to the Green Box and (as India presses) public stockholding for food security, and improper invocations of SPS protections. Part Two deals with the dominant economic sector in developed countries: services. It is in services where most of the labor force is employed in them, and migrating from agriculture-based to services-based economies is the goal of developing and developing countries. This Part explains how services are categorized in Sectors, Sub-Sectors, and Sub-Sub-Sectors, and how they are traded across borders through four Modes of delivery. Then, the rules of such trade – horizontal (general) obligations, and specific commitments and exceptions – under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are explained. Vitally, how to read a Services Schedule, and thus how to understand the multi-dimensional character of services trade liberalization negotiations, are spelled out, and the limited WTO jurisprudence is untangled. Part Three is about a highly contentious sector in which rich countries seek to maintain a lead, and poor countries hope to develop a comparative advantage: patents, trademarks, and copyrights – that is, IPRs. The WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) is the focal point of this Part, both its textual provisions and WTO case law under it. So, too, are novel challenges, such as compulsory licensing and vaccine nationalism, some of which were highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. And, as in any area of International Trade Law, there are problems of enforcement, hence this Part reviews how, why, and who is responsible for policing intellectual property rights (IPRs). Part Four deals with the new frontier of sensitive sectors, namely, digital trade (including electronic commerce). What is digital trade? What is its relation to electronic (e-) commerce? Is it properly the subject of International Trade Law, or does it also implicate issues of antitrust (competition law), and cyber-security? What Digital Trade Agreements currently exist, and what do they say? Which countries incline toward free trade in digital services, and which champion barriers (e.g., data localization), and why? All such questions are in play in this Part. Overall, Volume Six conveys the vital point that unabashed, across-the-board, laissez-faire free trade policy is a quixotic goal in the mind of an ideological economist. In truth, countries understandably need to balance their inclination to free trade against adjustment costs. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 5 Remedies (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, RajEvery trading nation has “sensitive sectors.” They are the areas of economic endeavor a country desires to insulate from the competition of freely-traded exports. The sensitivities may be based on cultural legacies (think beef in Korea), political calculations (think dairy products in Canada), or economic consequences (think high-employment sectors in India). These sensitivities are the subject of Volume Six. Part One covers the quintessential sensitive sector: agriculture. Though farm and farmrelated endeavors employ a small fraction of the labor force in developed countries, the percentages are higher in developing and least developed countries. Moreover, agriculture is the one sector that effects every person – everyone must eat. So, this Part steers through the three legs of agricultural trade liberalization per the world’s first multilateral deal on cross-border transactions in this sector, the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture: market access; domestic support; and export subsidies. Further, this Part deals with a closely related matter of concern from ancient to modern times – sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) standards, which are the subject of the WTO SPS Agreement. Alas, many controversies remain in this sector, including reforms to the Green Box and (as India presses) public stockholding for food security, and improper invocations of SPS protections. Part Two deals with the dominant economic sector in developed countries: services. It is in services where most of the labor force is employed in them, and migrating from agriculturebased to services-based economies is the goal of developing and developing countries. This Part explains how services are categorized in Sectors, Sub-Sectors, and Sub-Sub-Sectors, and how they are traded across borders through four Modes of delivery. Then, the rules of such trade – horizontal (general) obligations, and specific commitments and exceptions – under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) are explained. Vitally, how to read a Services Schedule, and thus how to understand the multi-dimensional character of services trade liberalization negotiations, are spelled out, and the limited WTO jurisprudence is untangled. Part Three is about a highly contentious sector in which rich countries seek to maintain a lead, and poor countries hope to develop a comparative advantage: patents, trademarks, and copyrights – that is, IPRs. The WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) is the focal point of this Part, both its textual provisions and WTO case law under it. So, too, are novel challenges, such as compulsory licensing and vaccine nationalism, some of which were highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. And, as in any area of International Trade Law, there are problems of enforcement, hence this Part reviews how, why, and who is responsible for policing intellectual property rights (IPRs). Part Four deals with the new frontier of sensitive sectors, namely, digital trade (including electronic commerce). What is digital trade? What is its relation to electronic (e-) commerce? Is it properly the subject of International Trade Law, or does it also implicate issues of antitrust (competition law), and cyber-security? What Digital Trade Agreements currently exist, and what do they say? Which countries incline toward free trade in digital services, and which champion barriers (e.g., data localization), and why? All such questions are in play in this Part. Overall, Volume Six conveys the vital point that unabashed, across-the-board, laissez-faire free trade policy is a quixotic goal in the mind of an ideological economist. In truth, countries understandably need to balance their inclination to free trade against adjustment costs. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive ETextbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 4 National Security (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, RajThe significance of the link between trade and national security cannot be overstated. While it is a link dating to ancient times (as Volume One observes), in the post-Cold War era, it is fair to say trade policy is national security policy, or a part thereof, and vice versa. Thus, Volume Four is about the theory and practice of this link. Part One covers border security in a post-9/11 world. After that terrorist attack, the function of the U.S. Customs Service – renamed Customs and Border Protection (CBP) – enlarged from clearance of merchandise (discussed in Volume Two) to protecting America’s borders. The job of CBP now includes ensuring only “good goods and good people” enter the U.S. customs territory. That is likewise the task of customs authorities around the globe. Here, again, the U.S. national-level measures have been studied in other countries, and at the World Customs Organization (WCO), as role models to one degree or another. Part Two is about how “national security” is defined in theory and practice. Both the multilateral level, i.e., Article XXI of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and Article V of the General Agreement on Trade in Services, and the U.S. level, i.e., the array of Presidential authorities to deal with “national security” challenges, are reviewed. So, too, is the controversy as to whether World Trade Organization (WTO) adjudicators do, or even should, have any subject matter jurisdiction over the invocation by WTO Members of national security as a reason to derogate from a GATT-WTO obligation. Parts Three and Four concern two of the most important manifestations of the link between trade and national security – Section 232 and export controls, respectively. Again, both theory and practice are discussed. Section 232 allows the President to adjust imports to avoid an impairment to national security. Steel and aluminum imports are among the key targets for this weapon. Export controls are relevant to nuclear, military, or dual-use (civilian and military) items. The U.S. reasons for controlling such exports, and how it does so, are evaluated. Parts Five, Six, and Seven treat a third key instance of the trade-national security nexus, namely, trade sanctions. Part Five is theoretical, asking whether trade sanctions are “moral.” Different criteria for evaluating what constitutes “moral” behavior are laid out. Parts Six and Seven are practical, with two major case studies, Iran and Russia, respectively. Like the U.N., and other WTO Members, the U.S. has maintained a dizzying array of sanctions against Iran ever since the 1979-1981 Hostage Crisis. These sanctions are explained chronologically. Associated with those sanctions is Iran’s alleged nuclear weapons program. So, a critical analysis of the terms of the Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Action (JCPOA, i.e., the July 2015 Iran Nuclear Deal) is offered. Further, since Russia’s February 2022 invasion of Ukraine, America and its Allies have slapped sanctions on Russia, and ratcheted them up. These punishments include innovative actions, such as price caps on oil and natural gas. Overall, Volume Four examines all aspects of the concept of “national security” and logic for linking it to measures such as import adjustment, export controls, and trade sanctions. Included in this treatment are moral arguments for and against those measures. The Volume thus embraces the detailed legal rules at issue, and from them infers grand questions. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 3 Customs Law (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, RajVolume Three, Customs Law, is about a (maybe the) “bread-and-butter” specialty within International Trade Law, namely, the clearance of merchandise exported from one country into the customs territory of another country. Every article of merchandise shipped across an international boundary must satisfy the customs rules of the importing country. Though the GATT-WTO regime contains treaties on Customs Law, most of the key rules are at the national level. So, the focus of this Volume is on U.S. Customs Law. As the dominant player in world trade, and the one with the most sophisticated set of customs rules dating to the founding of the American Republic, that focus is the most influential example. Part One deals with the answer to an obvious question: how is it known whether a good is “foreign,” and thus being imported? The answer is a Rule of Origin. That answer belies the complexity of identifying and applying the correct ROO for a shipment of merchandise. This Part, however, expounds on the different conceptual types of ROOs, and how they are employed in practice. Part Two deals with the answer to a non-obvious question: what options exist for bringing merchandise into an importing country? Most merchandise is entered for consumption, but there are other possibilities. Warehouses and FTZs are among the leading alternatives, and afford importers and exporters alike transactional and strategic flexibility. Parts Three and Four deal with the heart of the customs clearance process – classification and valuation, respectively. Tariff liability owed by an importer of record depends on the proper classification of merchandise in the Harmonized Tariff Schedule, which yields an applied duty rate, multiplied by the value of the product, which thus yields a specific tariff figure. Both processes, classification and valuation, are zero-sum games: importers seek to minimize their tariff liability, while governmental customs authorities, like U.S. CBP, wish to maximize tariff revenue. The games are refereed, as it were, by rules on product classification, such as the GRI, and on methodologies for valuation. These rules and methodologies, along with the vast U.S. case law on them, and how to read a Tariff Schedule, are covered in this Part. Finally, Part Five summarizes special Customs Law programs under U.S. Customs law. One program, drawback, allows importers to be refunded certain tariffs on inputs they previously paid, when finished merchandise is exported. A second program, pre-shipment inspection, can help speed up the customs clearance process by taking care of necessary checks in the exporting country. PSI can be especially helpful to developing and least developed countries, ensuring their merchandise – including perishable products – are not held up at entry ports in developed countries because they fail the checks. Likewise, poor countries can benefit from trade facilitation and the possibilities afforded by the WTO Trade Facilitation Agreement. Overall, Volume Three provides highly practical material used in the everyday life of International Trade Lawyers around the world. This Volume further underscores the importance that customs clearance be as algorithmic a process as possible, so as to expedite trade by minimizing inefficiencies and/or opportunities for corruption. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 2 Fundamental Multilateral Obligations (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, RajVolume Two, Fundamental Multilateral Obligations, provides in-depth coverage of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO). International Trade Law springs from, and operates at, three levels: multilateral trade treaties, i.e., GATT-WTO rules; regional trade agreements, i.e., rules arising from free trade agreements (FTAs) and customs unions (CUs); and national measures, e.g., rules specific to one country, such as America or India. Volume Two is all about this first level. Subsequent Volumes deal with the other levels. But, across all eight Volumes, GATT-WTO rules are of special, if not pre-eminent, importance – at least if there is anything to the international rule of law. Part One lays out the architecture of multilateral trade treaties. Special emphasis is on the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round. It produced the largest and most complex of trade treaties in human history, and birthed the WTO. Also discussed here is how countries became contracting parties to GATT, and how they accede as Members to the WTO. Part Two provides studies the luster and blemishes on the “crown jewel” of the GATTWTO regime, namely, its adjudicatory system. How did this system evolve since 1947 into today’s sophisticated set of procedures for resolving trade disputes among WTO Members? What problems do WTO Panels and the Appellate Body face? Does stare decisis operate, in a de facto sense, in this system? Why did the Appellate Body – loosely akin to a Supreme Court of International Trade – collapse in December 2019, and what replaced it? Can it be said, under Positivist Legal Theory, that International Trade Law is truly “law,” unlike, perhaps, Public International Law? Part Three sets the foundation for the remaining two Parts, Three and Four. All GATTWTO disputes necessarily begin with a basic question: what is the relationship between or among (1) an imported product, and either (2) an allegedly aggrieved other imported product or (3) domestically-produced product? If (1) an imported product bears no “likeness” either to (2) another imported product or (3) a domestically-produced product, then that imported product cannot be said to cause harm to the other merchandise. Part Three elucidates the legal tests for “likeness,” which derive from considerable GATT-WTO jurisprudence. Part Four then identifies each of the five most important rules in the entire multilateral trading system – the “Five Pillars.” They are most-favored nation (MFN) treatment, national treatment (for both fiscal and non-fiscal measures), tariff bindings, quantitative restrictions (QRs), and transparency. To know these rules well is to know a lot about International Trade Law. They, or their analogs, are reincarnated countless times not only in WTO treaties that deal with, for example, IP and services, but also and in FTAs. Part Four untangles the text of each of these rules, and the leading GATT-WTO cases that apply them in a wide array of provocative circumstances. Finally, Part Five addresses the reality that every rule has one or more exceptions. There are “cracks” in each of the Pillar obligations. Some are across-the-board derogations, available in the event of a violation of any provision of GATT. Others are specific to a violation of a particular GATT Article. This Part also asks why there is no broad exception to justify a protectionist measure to advance human rights. Overall, Volume Two gives readers both the basic concepts, and advanced critiques, of how the international rule of law is manifest with respect to trade, namely, the GATT-WTO regime. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive ETextbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, Volume 1 Interdisciplinary Foundations (6th edition)(Wheat Law Library, University of Kansas, 2024-05-24) Bhala, RajVolume One, Interdisciplinary Foundations, carefully explains the rich, diverse intellectual heritage of international trade. Part One sets the tone for this and the remaining Volumes, laying out 10 themes – including the importance of having fun through the study of the field. Part Two shows how and why cross-border importation and exportation, and foreign direct and portfolio investments, are more than merely economic phenomena. Morality is very much at stake. Dating to Ancient Greece and Rome, and through the great thinkers of the early and medieval Christian Church, trade transactions, and the behavior of traders, were the subject of philosophical and religious debate. Only in 18th and 19th centuries did the writings of classical economists – Adam Smith and David Ricardo – pivot attention to economic analyses of mercantilism and free trade. Parts Three and Four thus cover the economics of trade. Here, too, diversity is evident: both capitalist and communist trade theory is discussed in detail. Some of these economic topics link to the politics of trade, including trade deficits, the Stolper-Samuelson Theorem, and industrial policy. In Part Five, the sweep of trade history is chronicled. American trade history – not just tariff policy before, during, and after the Civil War, but also the reality of the Constitutional protection for slave trade – is examined. So, too, is the history of the modern multilateral trading system, which arises from the Great Depression and Atlantic Charter, and takes root with the GATT in 1947, and ultimately the WTO in 1995. All of the multilateral trade negotiation (MTN) rounds, including the failed Doha Round, are analyzed. Finally, Part Six reviews another interdisciplinary foundation of trade, namely, international relations (IR) theory. Here, Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism are explained. These theories are a reminder of the promise, and limitation, of trade as means to build peace among peoples. Overall, Volume One welcomes readers, regardless of their prior background, by giving them the interdisciplinary tools they need to be well-educated and well-rounded in International Trade Law. Like the other seven Volumes of International Trade Law: A Comprehensive E-Textbook, this Volume is available Open Access, and thus freely, quickly downloadable.Publication Communiquons(University of Kansas, 2023-04-15) Weatherly, Gillian; Lee, Clarisse Barbier; Lord, Christina; Hendrix, Jacob; Diop, Ousmane Lecoq; Schablitsky, Danielle; Weatherley, GillianThis book, Communiquons, is a clone of Le Pont, a OER book written for 3rd year courses. Communiquons’s goal was to simplify and change some of the texts and add some steps to make the grammar more accessible to fourth semester students. There was also a need for exercises in vocabulary and listening for these students which are sequenced throughout each chapter. The curriculum requires students to analyze target structures within context and make their own observations about when and how those structures are used. This inductive method is enhanced by online computer-graded activities that provide immediate feedback for students to track their own comprehension.This online component allows students to practice skills as well as grammatical and vocabulary structures outside of class. Providing students with this preview of the target structures will allow learning through a flipped model, freeing up class time to work on more open-ended communicative activities that explore the Francophone world. The structured format also allows the instructor to support students in areas which they find difficult. After completing a range of oral activities during class, the learner will move on to exercises that move them from input/discrimination activities (which are missing in many curricula) to comprehension/processing activities and eventually to production exercises. Communiquons is intended to reinforce structures that students have already started to acquire, while adding in further detail and new structures. It also promotes cultural understanding of the varied groups of people who share French as a common langage, and introduction to literary and cultural texts designed to show the grammar in focus in context.Publication Using Zotero for Citation Management: A Step-by-Step Guide to Organizing and Citing Your Research(University of Kansas Libraries, 2023-08-21) Thomas, Paul A.This guide will provide an overview of the essential features of Zotero, explaining in step-by-step detail how to download the program, create reference libraries, insert in-text citations into Word, and back-up your library into the cloud.Publication Public Speaking as Performance: Practicing Public Speaking in the Theatre & Performance Classroom(University of Kansas Libraries, 2023-04-15) Leon, MechelePublic Speaking as Performance: Practicing Public Speaking in the Theatre & Performance Classroom, written by theatre educators, presents the essential elements of speechwriting with the skills that actors use to communicate to an audience. In chapters such as “Actor Tools for Public Speakers” and “From Page to Stage,” the textbook provides students with a creative and accessible approach to delivering speeches. Drawing on the tradition of teaching public speaking in theatre and drama departments, this textbook emphasizes the performative nature of communication.Publication One Hundred and Fifty Years of Change on the Great Plains(University of Kansas Libraries, 2024-03) Peterson, A. TownsendRobert Benecke (1835-1903) was a St. Louis photographer who was hired by the Kansas Pacific Railroad to take promotional photographs along the entire length of the Railroad. Benecke traveled from Kansas City to Denver in the early 1870s, creating a rich legacy of views of the Great Plains at a very early date. In this book, Benecke's landscape photographs are paired with new photographs of the same views. Comparing the old and new photographs, the reader can appreciate how the region has changed in terms of its landscape, vegetation, and human and natural systems over the 150 year time span.Publication Religious Education and the Anglo-World: The Impact of Empire, Britishness, and Decolonisation in Australia, Canada, and New Zealand(Brill, 2020) Jackson, StephenFocusing on Australia, Canada, and New Zealand, “Religious Education and the Anglo-World” historiographically examines the relationship between empire and religious education. In each case the analysis centres on the foundational moments of publicly funded education in the mid- to late-nineteenth centuries when policy makers created largely Protestant systems of religious education, and frequently denied Roman Catholics funding for private education. Secondly, the period from 1880 to 1960 during which campaigns to strengthen religious education emerged in each context. Finally, the era of decolonisation from the 1960s through the 1980s when publicly funded religious education was challenged by the loss of Britishness as a central ideal, and Roman Catholics found unprecedented success in achieving state aid in many cases. By bringing these disparate national literatures into conversation with one another, the essay calls for a greater transnational approach to the study of religious education in the Anglo-World.Publication KU-phoria! A collection of stories about KU traditions, KU Info and KU basketball(University of Kansas Libraries, 2023-10-11) Marsh, CurtisIn his fourth decade of service to the University of Kansas, Curtis Marsh has developed an obsessive love for his school. As an undergrad, he led one of the first organized camping groups for KU basketball games and a nationally prominent student entrepreneurship club. In his early career at KU, he helped develop a technology business incubator which has become KU Innovation Park. He also co-founded the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute before serving as Director of KU Info for 15 years. He was the first and only director of the DeBruce Center: the shrine for the original rules of basketball. He now serves as a director of development at KU Endowment. The common thread through all these activities is his love for KU and his desire to share that love with the entire Jayhawk Nation.Publication Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge(Association of College and Research Libraries, American Library Association, 2023-09) Bonn, Maria; Bolick, Josh; Cross, William M.The intersection of scholarly communication librarianship and open education offers a unique opportunity to expand knowledge of scholarly communication topics in both education and practice. Open resources can address the gap in teaching timely and critical scholarly communication topics—copyright in teaching and research environments, academic publishing, emerging modes of scholarship, impact measurement—while increasing access to resources and equitable participation in education and scholarly communication. Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge is an open textbook and practitioner’s guide that collects theory, practice, and case studies from nearly 80 experts in scholarly communication and open education. Divided into three parts: *What is Scholarly Communication? *Scholarly Communication and Open Culture *Voices from the Field: Perspectives, Intersections, and Case Studies The book delves into the economic, social, policy, and legal aspects of scholarly communication as well as open access, open data, open education, and open science and infrastructure. Practitioners provide insight into the relationship between university presses and academic libraries, defining collection development as operational scholarly communication, and promotion and tenure and the challenge for open access. Scholarly Communication Librarianship and Open Knowledge is a thorough guide meant to increase instruction on scholarly communication and open education issues and practices so library workers can continue to meet the changing needs of students and faculty. It is also a political statement about the future to which we aspire and a challenge to the industrial, commercial, capitalistic tendencies encroaching on higher education. Students, readers, educators, and adaptors of this resource can find and embrace these themes throughout the text and embody them in their work.Publication Breaking Barriers: Diversity and Equity in Chemistry(University of Kansas, 2023-07) Sun, Shuai; Kaiser, John; Meier, AlexThe field of chemistry has long been associated with the pursuit of objective facts and the uncovering of the building blocks of our universe. However, this view can often exclude the important role that diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) play in the advancement of scientific knowledge. By highlighting the contributions of minority chemists and integrating DEI principles into chemistry education, we can promote a more inclusive environment and foster greater understanding of the complex connections between chemistry and society. In the first section, we provide a biography of each chemist, discussing their personal and professional lives and how their minority identity has interacted with their careers. The second section summarizes their research and accomplishments in the field of chemistry, emphasizing the importance of their work and the implications it has had on the broader scientific community. Finally, the third section explores how their research is related to the topics and contents taught in general chemistry, creating a connection between the material students learn in the classroom and the real-world applications of chemistry. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to incorporate DEI into STEM education, and chemistry is no exception. Despite this, there remains a scarcity of learning materials that directly introduce diversity and equality in chemistry education. As a result, students may view chemistry as an isolated discipline that is removed from the broader community. This book aims to challenge that perception by introducing readers to minority chemists, their research, and the ways in which their work is related to topics taught in general chemistry courses. By exploring the lives and research of chemists who come from diverse backgrounds, we hope to showcase the importance of diverse perspectives in the advancement of the field and inspire a new generation of scientists who embrace and promote DEI in their own work. Each chapter of this book is divided into three main sections, highlighting the personal and professional lives of these extraordinary individuals and demonstrating the impact their work has had on the field.Publication Gripped by the Drum: The Inspiring Artistry of Master Percussionist Kim Byeong Seop in the Korean Tradition of Nongak(University of Kansas Libraries, 2023-08) Canda, Edward R.This book presents an introduction to the Korean tradition of nongak (농악), which is a form of group percussion and dance performance rooted in agricultural lifestyle and shamanistic/animistic worldview. It is based on my research and experience as a former student of Kim Byeong Seop (1921-1987), who was a renowned and nationally awarded expert performer, innovator, and teacher of this music tradition. He is especially esteemed for his prowess as a lead janggu hourglass drum performer in group percussion and dance and as an innovator in solo janggu performance. He has been described as possibly the most highly profiled lead janggu (장구) drum performer of modern history. Master Kim grew up and learned nongak in the rural context of North Jeolla Province and later became a nationally prominent performer and teacher based in Seoul. His masterful artistry continues to inspire performers and researchers to this day. This book presents a detailed introduction to his cultural context, life story, and teaching style plus his inspirational impact on my life. My primary purpose in writing this book is to honor my teacher, his legacy, and the tradition he represented. He had encouraged me to spread knowledge and appreciation of nongak. Accordingly, my second purpose is to make freely available information, documents, photographs, and audio and video recordings related to Master Kim’s teaching and performance style in order to support the study and continuation of his musical legacy.Publication Proceedings of the Low-x 2021 International Workshop(University of Kansas Libraries, 2022-06-22) Alcerro, Luis; Krintiras, Georgios; Royon, ChristopheThis volume contains research presented at the 2021 edition of the Low-x International Workshop. Topics include: Diffraction in electron-proton and electron-ion collisions (including EiC physics), Diffraction and photon-exchange in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions, Spin Physics, and Low-x PDFs, forward physics, and hadronic final states.Publication Classic Readings in Architecture(WCB/McGraw Hill, 1999) Stein, Jay M.; Spreckelmeyer, Kent F.Classic Readings in Architecture introduces students to the important literature of the field. It consists of journal articles and book chapters by authors who are recognized as major contributors to architectural history, theory, and practice. The book can also serve as a reference document for architects, design educators, building clients, and others who seek an overview of architecture as an academic as well as a professional pursuit.Publication The Way of Humanity: Confucian Wisdom for an Opening World (Teachings of the Korean Philosopher, Haengchon) - Second Edition(University of Kansas Libraries, 2022-02) Canda, Edward R.The Way of Humanity, second edition, presents a Confucian vision for personal and social transformation intended to bring about a worldwide social order of harmony, dignity, and justice for all peoples, beyond divisive sectarianism and nationalism. It is based on ideals for human flourishing gleaned from Confucian and Neo-Confucian thought as distilled by a highly respected elder philosopher in South Korea, Yi Dong Jun, PhD (Haengchon, literary name). He is Professor Emeritus of the College of Confucian Studies and Eastern Philosophy at Sungkyunkwan University in Seoul. This work is the first detailed presentation of a contemporary Korean philosopher’s perspective on Confucianism as grounded in daily life, its implications for personal spiritual development, and its potential to contribute to world development. The book holistically presents Master Haengchon’s insights through vivid stories, philosophical essays, numerous illustrations, audio recordings of Confucian chanting, recommendations for further reading, and, new to the second edition, poems inspired by Confucian classics about ideals for an opening of the world to wellbeing and justice for all peoples.