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Publication Indigenous Nations Journal, Volume 5, Number 1 (Spring, 2004): Book Reviews(Global Indigenous Nations Studies Program, University of Kansas: http://www.indigenous.ku.edu, 2004-03-01) Larson, SidnerPublication The Relocation and Employment Assistance Programs, 1948-1970: Federal Indian Policy and the Early Development of the Denver Indian Community(Global Indigenous Nations Studies Program, University of Kansas: http://www.indigenous.ku.edu, 2004-03-01) Ono, AzusaThis article examines the relocation and employment assistance program of the Bureau of Indian Affairs conducted in the 1950s and explores how relocated American Indians in Denver survived in an alien metropolitan society. Although a few anthropologists and sociologists have investigated the Denver Indians' experience since the 1970s, no historian has ever examined the relocation program and the experience of the Indian participants. Mainly based on the findings of archival research at the federal archives and other research facilities in the Denver area as well as U.S. government publications, this article investigates the actual operation of the relocation program and the difficulties that the Indian relocatees faced in the mainstream society. A close examination of the relocation program and the lives of the Indians reveals that the BIA's plan for rapid assimilation of American Indians ended as a failure in Denver. The Denver Indians, instead, strengthened their pan-Indian identity and created a support system which would substitute for reservations.Publication Crossing the River: Attitudes of Invasion in the Revolutionary Ohio Country(Global Indigenous Nations Studies Program, University of Kansas: http://www.indigenous.ku.edu, 2004-03-01) Zeltner, OliverIn recent decades, ethnohistorians have successfully shifted historical discussions of North American colonialism from a tale of White "pioneering" to one focused on Indigenous Peoples' experiences of, and responses to, imperial invasions. Too often, however, scholars have characterized the colonial impulse as a simple and singular phenomenon, one static across time and space. The case of the American invasion of the Ohio Country during the second half of the eighteenth century, however, demonstrates that the timing, nature, and pace of colonization depended upon two critical variables: perceptions and propaganda. Many Whites who entered Ohio as squatters, soldiers, speculators, or traders imported an irrational, nearly paranoid fear of the Ohio Indians, and Native Americans in general. At the same time, many Whites who ventured westward did so because they imagined the Ohio Country as an Eden that promised huge profits and easy living a vision of paradise that informed the popular imagination through rumor, exaggeration, and advertisements. These twin impulses worked in synergy to fuel a superheated atmosphere of extreme covetousness and virulent Indianhating in the Revolutionary Old Northwest which undermined attempts at crosscultural compromise and drew Shawnee, Delaware, Ottawa, Wyandot, Miami, Mingo, and other Native Ohioans into a homeland war of attrition against not only White invaders, but also a particularly pernicious strain of colonialism.Publication Community Action on the Cherokee Reservation in North Carolina(Global Indigenous Nations Studies Program, University of Kansas: http://www.indigenous.ku.edu, 2004-03-01) Swafford, Tamrala GreerThe Great Society programs of the Lyndon Johnson Administration allowed the Cherokee Boys Club an opportunity to expand their operation and realize true self-determination. The local consequences of federal legislation are explored to reveal that the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina were able to maintain traditional socio-cultural institutions while leading the community toward self-sufficiency in a capacity similar to municipal governments. The Boys Farm Club was created in 1932, incorporated by the tribe in 1964, and since that time has experienced phenomenal growth. This study investigates the main reasons for the success and corresponding relationships between the Eastern Cherokees and federal, state, and local entities by offering reasons for the nations' success in assuming control of government programs and services that were once the domain of the Cherokee agency of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. This view argues how the Boys Club navigated the ever-changing federal Indian policies to emerge as an inspiring example of self-determination.Publication Indigenous Nations Journal, Volume 5, Number 1 (Spring, 2004): Front Matter(Global Indigenous Nations Studies Program, University of Kansas: http://www.indigenous.ku.edu, 2004-03-01)Publication Emergence, Alliances, and Vision: The Tribal College and Beyond(Global Indigenous Nations Studies Program, University of Kansas: http://www.indigenous.ku.edu, 2004-03-01) Wheeler, GaryThe tribal college movement shows no signs of slowing, yet there are significant issues that need examination. Growing from a handful of community colleges to almost three dozen in 12 states and Canada, tribal colleges now offer advanced academic degrees. This paper examines the current status of the tribal college "movement" by looking at the origins of tribal colleges, their statistics and demographics including enrollments, funding, programs, and accreditation. Discussion of issues related to distance learning and appropriate pedagogy, vital to tribal college success, are described in this article. Using historical data and the critical observations of contemporary Indigenous education theorists, this study points to areas for ongoing discussion by supporters of tribal colleges and universities.